Table 1 First and Second Declension

Note: -The columns shaded in grey show the case ending WITH the final stem vowel.

The unshaded columns show the true case ending.

-The cells with a hyphen (-) indicate that there is no case ending.

The word ends with the theme vowel (or in some cases the theme vowel is lengthened).

Master Case Endings Table 1
First and Second Declensions
Singular	2nd Declension Masculine		1st Declension Feminine			2nd Declension Neuter
Nominative	ος	ς	α	η	-	ον	ν
Genitive	ου	υ	ας	ης	ς	ου	υ
Dative	ῳ	ι	ᾳ	ῃ	ι	ῳ	ι
Accusative	ον	ν	αν	ην	ν	ον	ν
Plural
Nominative	οι	ι	αι	αι	ι	α	α
Genitive	ων	ων	ων	ων	ων	ων	ων
Dative	οις	ις	αις	αις	ις	οις	ις
Accusative	ους	υς	ας	ας	ς	α	α

Table 2 Third Declension

Note: The columns shaded in grey and the unshaded columns are the same.

This is because Third Declension nouns (or adjectives) end in a consonant and do not have a final stem vowel as in Table 1.

• The cells with a hyphen (-) indicate that there is no case ending.
• Both the Masculine and the Feminine forms are identical for the Third Declension

Table 3 - Examples of Verb Tenses in English and Greek

• Active voice – The subject does the action of the Verb
• Middle Voice – The subject does the action of the verb but also is somehow affected by the action of the verb or is participating in the action of the verb (middle voice). Deponent verbs are verbs whose stem is middle or passive in form, but active in meaning. The definitions of many verbs that are classified as deponent have a meaning that implies the participation of the person doing the action.
• Passive Voice – The subject receives the action of the verb.

Table 4 Primary and Secondary Endings of Verbs

[Note]

• "c.v." stands for "connecting voewel"
• "p.e." stands for "personal ending"
• The "-" indicates there is no personal ending.
• The omega (ω) at the end of the first person singular verb is the lengthened connecting vowel "ο" which lengthens to an "ω".
• Third person plural ending - the "ν" drops out because it is followed by a sigma and the connecting vowel "o" lengthens to compensate for the missing "v". Therefore, λυ + ο + νσι becomes λυ + ου + σι -> λύουσι

Table 5 - Master Verb Tense Chart - Present and Imperfect Tenses

Table 6 - Master Verb Tense Chart - Future Tenses

Table 7 Master Verb Tense Chart - The Aorist Tenses

Table 8 - The Perfect Tenses

[Note]: Perfect tenses do not have an augment, but do experience reduplication of the initial consonant at the beginning of the word. The initial consonant is then followed by an epsilon.

Table 9 - Contractions of Single Vowels

Table 10 - Contractions of Vowels with Diphthongs

[Note: the shaded rows are for diphthongs that were formed by a contraction] The rules for combining a vowel with a dipthong are as follows:

1. a vowel disappears by absorbtion before a diphthong that begins with the same vowel.
2. When a vowel comes before a diphthong that does not begin with the same vowel, it is contracted with the dipthong's first vowel. The dipthong's second vowel disappears, unless it is an iota (ι) in which case it becomes a subscript.
3. Any vowel (except ο) combining with ῃ will result in ῃ
4. ο +ει and ε + οι(If they are not formed from a contraction) and ο + ῃ make οι
5. ο +ει and ε + ου (if they are formed from a contraction) make ου

Table 11 Square of Stops

The following table shows common contractions that occur when the stem of a word ends in a "stop". A stop is a consonant whose sound is formed by stopping or slowing down the flow of air through the mouth. Stops are classified as Labial (formed by the lips), Velar (formed by pushing the tongue against the roof of the mouth), of Dental (formed by the tongue against the teeth).

The following chart shows what will happen when the stop is followed by either a sigma (σ) or a theta (θ).