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UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

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λύκος

MainId: 003092000000000

Version: 0

HasAramaic: False

InLXX: True

AlphaPos: λ

StrongCodes: G3074

BaseForms:

1. BaseFormID: 003092001000000

   PartsOfSpeech: noun, m.

   Inflections:

   1. Lemma: λύκος

      BaseFormIndex: 1

      Realizations: -ου

   LEXMeanings:

   1. LEXID: 003092001001000

      LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M

      LEXEntryCode: 4.11

      LEXIndent: 0

      LEXDomains: Animals

      LEXSubDomains: Animals

      LEXSenses:

      1. LanguageCode: en

         LastEdited: 2021-11-12 19:27:33

         DefinitionShort: wild, four-footed, predatory canine; light-brown fur, similar to jackal, but much bigger; Canis lupus; regarded as ravenous and fierce; commonly prey on flocks; symbol of roaming, opportunistic, dangerous, fierce, and clever banditry

         Glosses: wolf

         Comments: In areas of the world in which wolves are not known, some translators have rendered λύκος[a] by the local equivalent of ‘leopard’ or ‘jaguar.’ This may be satisfactory for initial translations of the Scriptures, but such shifts in reference are normally rejected at a later stage by those readers who become more acquainted with the types animals which exist in other parts of the world. In most instances in which local terms for ‘wolf’ do not exist, translators have used descriptive phrases such as ‘wild dog’ or ‘fierce, wild dog,’ or they may have borrowed a term from a dominant language in the area and have added a qualifying phrase, for example, ‘a wild animal called wolf.’ One may, of course, simply use a more generic expression with some kind of qualifier. For example, in {S:04402002900018} it is possible to use ‘fierce, wild animals,’ for the meaning of the passage is primarily figurative, and a specific designation of wolf is not required.

      LEXReferences: MAT 10:16, LUKE 10:3, YHN 10:12, YHN 10:12

      LEXLinks: fauna:2.35

   2. LEXID: 003092001002000

      LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M

      LEXEntryCode: 88.121

      LEXIndent: 0

      LEXDomains: Moral and Ethical Qualities and Related Behavior

      LEXSubDomains: Bad, Evil, Harmful, Damaging

      LEXSenses:

      1. LanguageCode: en

         LastEdited: 2021-11-12 19:27:33

         DefinitionShort: (a figurative extension of meaning of {L:λύκος}[a] ‘wolf,’ {D:4.11}) a person who is particularly vicious and dangerous

         Glosses: ['vicious person', 'fierce wolf', 'fierce person']

         Comments: In situations where wolves are not known, it may be possible to translate {S:04402002900018} as ‘men like fierce animals will come among you.’ In some instances λύκος in {S:04402002900018} has been rendered as ‘fierce, wild dogs.’

      LEXReferences: MAT 7:15, ACTs 20:29