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UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

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ᾅδης

MainId: 000086000000000

Version: 0

HasAramaic: False

InLXX: True

AlphaPos: αι

StrongCodes: G0086

BaseForms:

1. BaseFormID: 000086001000000

   PartsOfSpeech: noun, m.

   Inflections:

   1. Lemma: ᾅδης

      BaseFormIndex: 1

      Realizations: -ου

   LEXMeanings:

   1. LEXID: 000086001001000

      LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M

      LEXEntryCode: 1.19

      LEXIndent: 0

      LEXDomains: Geographical Objects and Features

      LEXSubDomains: Regions Below the Surface of the Earth

      LEXSenses:

      1. LanguageCode: en

         LastEdited: 2021-03-04 11:22:59

         DefinitionShort: a place or abode of the dead, including both the righteous and the unrighteous (in most contexts ᾅδης[a] is equivalent to the Hebrew term Sheol)

         Glosses: ['the world of the dead', 'Hades']

         Comments: There are several problems involved in rendering ᾅδης[a] as world of the dead, since in some languages this may be interpreted as suggesting that there are two different earths, one for the living and another for the dead. In such cases, ᾅδης[a] may be more satisfactorily rendered as ‘where the dead are’ or ‘where the dead remain.’|In {S:04201602300008} ᾅδης[a] obviously involves torment and punishment. These aspects are important supplementary features of the word ᾅδης[a] but are not integral elements of the meaning. In {S:04201602300008}, however, it may be appropriate to use a term which is equivalent to Greek {L:γέεννα} meaning hell (see {D:1.21}). It is indeed possible that in addressing a GrecoRoman audience Luke would have used ᾅδης in a context implying punishment and torment, since this was a typical Greco-Roman view of the next world. But since Luke also uses {L:γέεννα}, as in {S:04201200500032}, it is possible that the choice of ᾅδης in {S:04201602300008} reflects Luke’s intent to emphasize the fact that ᾅδης[a] includes both the unrighteous and the righteous.

      LEXReferences: MAT 11:23, LUKE 10:15, LUKE 16:23, ACTs 2:27, ACTs 2:31, REV 1:18, REV 20:13, REV 20:14

   2. LEXID: 000086001002000

      LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M

      LEXEntryCode: 23.108

      LEXIndent: 0

      LEXDomains: Physiological Processes and States

      LEXSubDomains: Live, Die

      LEXSenses:

      1. LanguageCode: en

         LastEdited: 2021-03-04 11:22:59

         DefinitionShort: (a figurative extension of meaning of {L:ᾅδης}[a] Hades, {D:1.19}, as a personification of the power of Hades as the place of the dead)

         Glosses: ['death', 'power of death']

         Comments: In {S:04601505500016} ᾅδη is a variant reading in the apparatus of θάνατε ‘death’ ({D:23.99}).|In some languages it is extremely difficult to personify death except as a reference to some demon which may cause death, but this, of course, is not the reference in this passage. The closest equivalent in some languages is ‘how can death be victorious?’ or ‘death cannot be victorious.’ In some instances it may be necessary to represent the personification as ‘you who cause death,’ and thus this expression in {S:04601505500000} may be translated as ‘you who cause death will not always be victorious’ or ‘… will not in the end be victorious.’

      LEXReferences: 1COR 15:55, REV 6:8

   3. LEXID: 000086001003000

      LEXIsBiblicalTerm: M

      LEXEntryCode: 12.50

      LEXIndent: 0

      LEXDomains: Supernatural Beings and Powers

      LEXSubDomains: Supernatural Powers

      LEXCollocations: πύλαι ᾅδου

      LEXSenses:

      1. LanguageCode: en

         LastEdited: 2021-03-04 11:22:59

         DefinitionShort: (an idiom, literally: gates of Hades) death as an impersonal supernatural power

         Glosses: death

         Comments: Some scholars, however, understand πύλαι ᾅδου to mean Satanic powers of evil.

      LEXReferences: MAT 16:18