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Tyndale Open Bible Dictionary

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HADADEZER

King of Zobah in Syria during David’s reign in Israel. He apparently ruled a region from Ammon in the south to the Euphrates in the east. According to 2 Samuel 8:3-12 (see also 1 Chr 18:3-10, KJB “Hadarezer”), Hadadezer attempted to restore his power. David engaged him in battle at the river Euphrates and defeated him. When the Syrians came to his aid, David defeated them and occupied Damascus. In 2 Samuel 10 David sent servants to comfort Hanun when his father—Nahash, king of Ammon—died. The servants were mistreated and humiliated (v 4). So David sent Joab against Ammon after Ammon allied with Syria as protection against Israel (v 6). Joab defeated the combined armies (vv 15-19; see also 1 Chr 19:16, 19 OET CH1 19:16 · OET CH1 19:19). After Joab’s victory, Hadadezer sent more troops from “beyond the river.” The armies met at Helam, David was victorious, and Hadadezer begged for peace, thereby becoming a tributary to Israel.

Show passage in OET: SA2 8:3–12

OET-RV SA2 8:3

3 Then David defeated Tsovah’s King Hadadezer (son of Rehov) who had tried to reestablish his authority over the Perat (Euphrates) River.

OET-RV SA2 8:4

4 David captured 1,700 horsemen and twenty thousand men on foot. He hamstrung all the chariot horses except for a hundred of them.

OET-RV SA2 8:5

5 Then the Arameans came from Damesek (Damascus) to help Tsovah’s king Hadadezer but David killed twenty-two thousand of them.

OET-RV SA2 8:6

6 David stationed garrisons in Aram (Syria) (in Damesek) and the Arameans became David’s servants—bringing him tribute, and Yahweh helped David win wherever he went.

OET-RV SA2 8:7

7 David confiscated the gold shields that Hadadezer’s servants carried and brought them to Yerushalem (Jerusalem).

OET-RV SA2 8:8

8 He also brought a large amount of bronze out of Hadadezer’s cities of Betah and Berotah.

OET-RV SA2 8:9

9 When Hamat’s King Toeu heard that David had defeated Hadadezer’s entire army,

OET-RV SA2 8:10

10 he sent his son Yoram (Joram) to ask for peace for Hamat and to congratulate him for fighting Hadadezer and defeating him because Hadadezer often battled against Toeu. Yoram brought containers with him, made of gold, silver, and bronze.

OET-RV SA2 8:11

11 King David dedicated them to Yahweh, along with the silver and gold that he’d taken from all the nations that they’d conquered:

OET-RV SA2 8:12

12 from Aram and Moav (Moab), from the Amonim and the Pelishtim, and from Amalek and from the plunder of Tsovah’s King Hadadezer (son of Rehov).

OET-LV SA2 8:3

3 And_ Dāvid _he _defeated DOM Hₐdadˊezer the _son _of Rəḩoⱱ the _king _of Tsōⱱāh/(Zobah) when_went_he to_restore his/its_hand at_the _river _of.

OET-LV SA2 8:4

4 And_ Dāvid _he _captured from_him/it one _thousand and_seven hundred(s) horsemen and_twenty thousand man on _foot and_ Dāvid _he _hamstrung DOM all _of the_chariotry and_he _left from_him/it one _hundred chariot[s].

OET-LV SA2 8:5

5 And_ ʼArām Dammeseq _it _came to_help (to)_Hₐdadˊezer the _king _of Tsōⱱāh and_ Dāvid _he _struck _down among_ʼArām twenty and_two thousand man.

OET-LV SA2 8:6

6 And_ Dāvid _he/it _assigned garrisons in_ʼArām _of Dammeseq and_ ʼArām _it _became of_Dāvid (into)_subjects who _were_bringing _of (of)_tribute and_ YHWH _he _gave _victory DOM Dāvid in_every where he _went.

OET-LV SA2 8:7

7 And_ Dāvid _he/it _took DOM the _shields _of the_gold which they _were to the _servants _of Hₐdadˊezer and_he/it _brought_them Yərūshālaim/(Jerusalem).

OET-LV SA2 8:8

8 And_from_Beţaḩ and_from_Bērōtāh the _cities _of Hₐdadˊezer the_king Dāvid he _took bronze much very.

OET-LV SA2 8:9

9 And_ Toˊū the _king _of Ḩₐmāt _he/it _listened if/because _that Dāvid he _had _defeated DOM all _of the _army _of Hₐdadˊezer.

OET-LV SA2 8:10

10 And_ Toˊū _he _sent DOM Yəhōrām/(Joram) his/its_son to the_king Dāvid to_ask to_him/it to_welfare and_to_bless_him on that he _had _fought against_Hₐdadˊezer and_he_had _defeated _him if/because (the)_man _of (the)_wars _of Toˊū Hₐdadˊezer he _was and_in_hand _of_his articles _of silver and_articles _of gold and_articles _of bronze they _were.

OET-LV SA2 8:11

11 Also DOM_them the_king Dāvid he _consecrated to/for_YHWH with the_silver and_the_gold which he _had _consecrated from_all the_nations which he _had _subdued.

OET-LV SA2 8:12

12 From_ʼArām and_from_Mōʼāⱱ and_from_the _people _of ˊAmmōn and_from_the_Pəlishtiy and_from_Amalek and_from_the _plunder _of Hₐdadˊezer the _son _of Rəḩoⱱ the _king _of Tsōⱱāh/(Zobah).

Show passage in OET: CH1 18:3–10

OET-RV CH1 18:3

3 Next David attacked and defeated King Hadadezer of Tsovah -Hamat, when that king had tried enforce his control at the Perat (Euphrates) River.

OET-RV CH1 18:4

4 David captured 1,000 chariots, 7,000 horsemen, and 20,000 foot-soldiers from him. And David hamstrung all but one hundred of the chariot horses.

OET-RV CH1 18:5

5 When the Arameans (or, Aramim (Syrians) ) came from Damesek (Damascus) to help King Hadadezer, David killed 22,000 of them.

OET-RV CH1 18:6

6 Then David established forces in the Aramean town of Damesek, and the Arameans became servants to David, taking him regular tribute. So Yahweh helped David wherever he went.

OET-RV CH1 18:7

7 David took the gold shields that were used by Hadadezer’s servants and brought them to Yerushalem (Jerusalem).

OET-RV CH1 18:8

8 He also took a lot of bronze from Hadadezer’s cities of Tivhat and Kun. (Later, Shelomoh (Solomon) used it to make the huge bronze basin called ‘the sea’, along with its pillars and other bronze items.)

OET-RV CH1 18:9

9 When King Toeu from Hamat heard that David had defeated King Hadadezer’s entire army from Tsovah,

OET-RV CH1 18:10

10 he sent his son Hadoram to King David carrying various items of gold, silver, and bronze. Hadoram went to ask David for peace and to bless him because he’d fought against Hadadezer and struck him down, because Toeu had also been at war with Hadadezer.

OET-LV CH1 18:3

3 And_ Dāvid _he _defeated DOM Hₐdadˊezer the _king _of Tsōⱱāh/(Zobah) to_Ḩₐmāt when_went_he to_establish his/its_hand at_the _river _of Pərāt.

OET-LV CH1 18:4

4 And_ Dāvid _he _captured from_him/it one _thousand chariot[s] and_seven _of thousand(s) horsemen and_twenty thousand man on _foot and_ Dāvid _he _hamstrung DOM all _of the_chariotry and_he _left from_him/it one _hundred chariot[s].

OET-LV CH1 18:5

5 And_ ʼArām Dammeseq _it _came to_help (to)_Hₐdadˊezer the _king _of Tsōⱱāh and_ Dāvid _he _struck _down among_ʼArām twenty and_two thousand man.

OET-LV CH1 18:6

6 And_ Dāvid _he/it _assigned in_ʼArām _of Dammeseq and_ ʼArām _he/it _was of_Dāvid subjects who_brought _of (of)_tribute and_ YHWH _he _gave _victory to_Dāvid in_every where he _went.

OET-LV CH1 18:7

7 And_ Dāvid _he/it _took DOM the _shields _of the_gold which they _were on the _servants _of Hₐdadˊezer and_he/it _brought_them Yərūshālaim/(Jerusalem).

OET-LV CH1 18:8

8 And_from_Ţiⱱḩat and_from_Kun the _cities _of Hₐdadˊezer Dāvid he _took bronze much very with_it Shəlomoh/(Solomon) he _made DOM the _sea _of (the)_bronze and_DOM the_pillars and_DOM the _articles _of (the)_bronze.

OET-LV CH1 18:9

9 And_ Toˊū the _king _of Ḩₐmāt _he/it _listened if/because _that Dāvid he _had _defeated DOM all _of the _army _of Hₐdadˊezer the _king _of Tsōⱱāh.

OET-LV CH1 18:10

10 And_he _sent DOM Hₐdōrām his/its_son to the_king Dāvid mmm to_him/it to_welfare and_to_bless_him on that he _had _fought against_Hₐdadˊezer and_he_had _defeated _him if/because (the)_man _of (the)_wars _of Toˊū Hₐdadˊezer he _was and_all/each/any/every articles _of gold and_silver and_bronze.

Show passage in OET: SA2 10:4

OET-RV SA2 10:4

4 So Hanun seized David’s servants and had half of their beards shaved off and their robes cut in half all the way up to their buttocks, then he sent them off.

OET-LV SA2 10:4

4 And_ Ḩānūn _he/it _took DOM the _servants _of Dāvid and_he _shaved DOM (the)_half _of their _beard _of_their and_he _cut _off DOM robes _of_their in_middle to buttocks _of_their and_he_sent _them _away.

Show passage in OET: SA2 10:6

OET-RV SA2 10:6

6 Then the Amoni leaders realised that they’d now caused David to despise them, so they hired twenty thousand Aramean (or Arami (Syrian) ) mercenaries from Beyt -Rehov and Tsovah, and another one thousand from Ma’akah and twelve thousand from Tov.

OET-LV SA2 10:6

6 And_ the _people _of ˊAmmōn _they _saw if/because _that they _had _made _themselves _odious with_Dāvid and_ the _people _of ˊAmmōn _they _sent and_they _hired DOM ʼArām Bēyt Rəḩoⱱ and_DOM ʼArām Tsōⱱāh/(Zobah) twenty thousand foot _soldier[s] and_DOM the _king _of Maˊₐkāh one _thousand man and_the _man _of Ţōⱱ two _plus ten thousand man.

Show passage in OET: SA2 10:15–19

OET-RV SA2 10:15

15 When the Arameans realised that they’d been defeated by Yisrael (Israel), they assembled all their warriors together again.

OET-RV SA2 10:16

16 King Hadadezer (from Tsovah) called for Aramean warriors from beyond the Perat (Euphrates) River and they came to Heylam. Shovak was Hadadezer’s army commander.

OET-RV SA2 10:17

17 When David heard that, he assembled all the Israeli warriors and they crossed the Yarden (Jordan) going towards Heylam. The Arameans came out to meet David and the two sides fought each other.

OET-RV SA2 10:18

18 But again the Arameans fled from the Israelis, and David killed seven hundred Aramean charioteers and forty thousand cavalry, and their commander Shovak was struck and died there also.

OET-RV SA2 10:19

19 Then all the kings associated with Hadadezer realised they couldn’t defeat Yisrael, so they made peace with the Israelis and served them, and so the Arameans were afraid to try to rescue the Amonim again.

OET-LV SA2 10:15

15 And_ ʼArām _he/it _saw if/because _that it _had _been _defeated to_(the)_face _of/in _front _of/before Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) and_they _gathered _themselves together.

OET-LV SA2 10:16

16 And_ Hₐdadˊezer _he _sent and_he _brought _out DOM ʼArām which was_from_the _other _side _of the_river and_they _came Ḩēylām and_Shōⱱāk the _commander _of the _army _of Hₐdadˊezer was_before _of_them.

OET-LV SA2 10:17

17 And_it _was _told to_Dāvid and_he _gathered DOM all _of Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) and_he/it _passed _through DOM the_Yardēn/(Jordan) and_he _came to_Ḩēylām and_ ʼArām _they _deployed to_meet Dāvid and_they _engaged _in _battle with_him/it.

OET-LV SA2 10:18

18 And_ ʼArām _it _fled from_face/in _front _of Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) and_ Dāvid _he _killed of_ʼArām seven hundred(s) charioteer[s] and_forty thousand horsemen and_DOM Shōⱱāk the _commander _of its _army _of_his he _struck _down and_he/it _died there.

OET-LV SA2 10:19

19 And_ all _of the_kings the _servants _of Hₐdadˊezer _they _saw if/because _that they _had _been _defeated to_(the)_face _of/in _front _of/before Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) and_they _made _peace with Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) and_they_served _them and_ ʼArām _they _saw to_deliver again DOM the _people _of ˊAmmōn.

Show passage in OET: CH1 19:16; CH1 19:19

OET-RV CH1 19:16

16 When the Arameans saw that they were defeated by Yisrael, they sent messengers to bring more Arameans from across the Perat (Euphrates) river, led by Shofak, the commander of Hadadezer’s army.

OET-RV CH1 19:19

19 When Hadadezer’s servants saw that Yisrael had defeated them, they made peace with David and became his subjects, so Aram (Syria) wasn’t willing to help the Amonim militarily any more.

OET-LV CH1 19:16

16 And_ ʼArām _he/it _saw if/because _that they _had _been _defeated to_(the)_face _of/in _front _of/before Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) and_they _sent messengers and_they _brought _out DOM ʼArām which was_from_the _other _side _of the_river and_Shōfāk the _commander _of the _army _of Hₐdadˊezer was_before _of_them.

OET-LV CH1 19:19

19 And_ the _servants _of Hₐdadˊezer _they _saw if/because _that they _had _been _defeated to_(the)_face _of/in _front _of/before Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) and_they _made _peace with Dāvid and_they_served _him and_not ʼArām it _was _willing to_deliver DOM the _people _of ˊAmmōn again.

Jump to OET SA2 8:3–12 section.

Jump to OET CH1 18:3–10 section.

Jump to OET SA2 10:4 section.

Jump to OET SA2 10:6 section.

Jump to OET SA2 10:15–19 section.

Jump to OET CH1 19:16 section. · OET CH1 19:19 section.

See also Israel, History of; Syria, Syrians.