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Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations. Click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible. Please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.
Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV) So Hanun seized David’s servants and had half of their beards shaved off and their robes cut in half all the way up to their buttocks, then he sent them off.
OET-LV And_ Ḩānūn _he/it_took DOM the_servants_of Dāvid and_shaved_off DOM (the)_half_of beards_of_their and_cut_off DOM garments_of_their in/on/at/with_middle to hips_of_their and_sent_away_them.
UHB וַיִּקַּ֨ח חָנ֜וּן אֶת־עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיְגַלַּח֙ אֶת־חֲצִ֣י זְקָנָ֔ם וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם בַּחֵ֖צִי עַ֣ד שְׁתֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃ ‡
(vayyiqqaḩ ḩānūn ʼet-ˊaⱱdēy dāvid vayəgallaḩ ʼet-ḩₐʦiy zəqānām vayyikrot ʼet-madvēyhem baḩēʦī ˊad shətōtēyhem vayəshalləḩēm.)
Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXX Καὶ ἔλαβεν Ἀννὼν τοὺς παῖδας Δαυὶδ, καὶ ἐξύρησε τοὺς πώγωνας αὐτῶν, καὶ ἀπέκοψε τοὺς μανδύας αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ ἡμίσει ἕως τῶν ἰσχίων αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν αὐτούς.
(Kai elaben Annōn tous paidas Dawid, kai exuraʸse tous pōgōnas autōn, kai apekopse tous manduas autōn en tōi haʸmisei heōs tōn isⱪiōn autōn, kai exapesteilen autous. )
BrTr And Annon took the servants of David, and shaved their beards, and cut off their garments in the midst as far as their haunches, and sent them away.
ULT And Hanun took the servants of David, and he shaved half of their beards, and he cut their robes in half up to their buttocks. And he sent them away.
UST Hanun believed what they said. So he commanded some soldiers to seize David’s officials and insult them by shaving off one side of their beards, and by cutting off the lower part of their robes, with the result that their buttocks could be seen, and then they sent them away.
BSB So Hanun took David’s servants, shaved off half of each man’s beard, cut off their garments at the hips, and sent them away.
MSB (Same as above)
OEB So Hanun took David’s servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, cut their robes in two, even to their hips, and sent them away.
WEBBE So Hanun took David’s servants, shaved off one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
WMBB (Same as above)
NET So Hanun seized David’s servants and shaved off half of each one’s beard. He cut the lower part of their robes off so that their buttocks were exposed, and then sent them away.
LSV And Hanun takes the servants of David, and shaves off the half of their beard, and cuts off their long robes in the midst—to their buttocks, and sends them away;
FBV So Hanun had David's representatives detained, shaved off half of each man's beard, cut off their clothes at the buttocks, and then sent them back home.
T4T Hanun believed what they said; so he commanded some soldiers to seize David’s officials and insult them by shaving off one side of each man’s beard, and by cutting off the lower part of their robes, with the result that their buttocks could be seen, and then they sent them away.
LEB No LEB 2 SAM book available
BBE So Hanun took David's servants, and after cutting off half the hair on their chins, and cutting off the skirts of their robes up to the middle, he sent them away.
Moff No Moff 2 SAM book available
JPS So Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
ASV So Hanun took David’s servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
DRA Wherefore Hanon took the servants of David, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut away half of their garments even to the buttocks, and sent them away.
YLT And Hanun taketh the servants of David, and shaveth off the half of their beard, and cutteth off their long robes in the midst — unto their buttocks, and sendeth them away;
Drby And Hanun took David's servants, and had the one half of their beards shaved off, and their raiment cut off in the midst, as far as their buttocks, and sent them away.
RV So Hanun took David’s servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
SLT And Hanun will take David’s servants, and shave half their beard, and cut off their garments in the half, even to their buttocks, and he will send them away.
Wbstr Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
KJB-1769 Wherefore Hanun took David’s servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
KJB-1611 Wherefore Hanun tooke Dauids seruants, and shaued off the one halfe of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, euen to their buttocks, and sent them away.
(Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.)
Bshps No Bshps 2 SAM book available
Gnva Wherefore Hanun tooke Dauids seruants, and shaued off the halfe of their beard, and cut off their garments in the middle, euen to their buttockes, and sent them away.
(Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the half of their beard, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away. )
Cvdl No Cvdl 2 SAM book available
Wycl No Wycl 2 SAM book available
Luth No Luth 2 SAM book available
ClVg Tulit itaque Hanon servos David, rasitque dimidiam partem barbæ eorum et præscidit vestes eorum medias usque ad nates, et dimisit eos.[fn]
(Tulit therefore Hanon server/keepers David, rasitque halfm part barbæ their and beforescidit vestes their medias until to nates, and released them. )
10.4 Tulit itaque Hanon servos David, rasitque barbam, etc. RAB., ex Euch. Significant hæc bellum diaboli contra Ecclesiam. Hanon enim, id est, dolor eorum, diabolum significat, qui Ammonitarum, id est, malignorum spirituum, id est, rector populi mœroris et semper in angustia constituti, qui comprimere vel angustiare homines desiderat. Radit ergo Hanon barbam dimidiam nuntiorum David, cum diabolus quorumdam prædicatorum sermonem vel conversationem corrumpendo maculat. Præcidit tunicas usque ad inguina, cum turpia facta quæ persuadet, in oculis hominum revelat. His necesse est sedeant in Jericho donec crescat barba, ne sint opprobrium aliorum et anathema omnium, id est, donec incrementa virtutum in eis nascantur, et digni habeantur præsentari suo regi. David autem noster milites suos inultos esse non patitur, sed exercitu congregato suorum injuriam vindicat, nec solum adversarios per sanctorum suorum victoriam confundit, sed etiam in extremo judicio perpetuis ignibus tradit.
10.4 Tulit therefore Hanon server/keepers David, rasitque beard, etc. RAB., from Euch. Significant these_things war diaboli on_the_contrary Assembly/Churchm. Hanon because, id it_is, pain their, diabolum means, who Ammonitarum, id it_is, maof_wood in_spiritum, id it_is, straightr of_the_people sorrowful and always in/into/on distress constituti, who comprimere or distressre mans desires. Radit therefore Hanon beard halfm nuntiorum David, when/with the_devil whosedam beforedicatorum conversation or conversationem corrumpendo maculat. Præcidit tunicas until to inguina, when/with turpia facts which persuadet, in/into/on eyes of_men revelat. His necessary it_is sedeant in/into/on Yericho until crescat barba, not let_them_be reproach anotherrum and anathema of_all, id it_is, until incrementa virtues in/into/on to_them nascantur, and digni habeantur beforesentari his_own regi. David however our milites his_own inultos to_be not/no patitur, but exercitu congregato of_his_own inyuriam vindicat, but_not solum adverserios through holy_place of_his_own victoriam confundit, but also in/into/on extremo judgement perpetuis firebus tradit.
RP-GNT No RP-GNT 2 SAM book available
10:4 Shaving half of each man’s beard was intended to maximize the humiliation and ridicule.
• cut off their robes: The humiliating display of genitalia or the buttocks was associated with military defeat and exile (Isa 20).
Note 1 topic: translate-symaction
(Occurrence 0) shaved off half their beards
(Some words not found in UHB: and=he/it_took Ḩānūn DOM servants_of Dāvid's and,shaved_off DOM half_of beards_of,their and,cut_off DOM garments_of,their in/on/at/with,middle until hips_of,their and,sent_~_away,them )
This act was meant as an insult to humiliate the men.
2 Samuel 8:1-8; 10:1-19; 12:21-31; 1 Chronicles 18:2-11; 19:1-19; 20:1-3
The accounts of David’s greatest military victories stand like bookends around the record of David’s most grievous sins. Sometime after David brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem and the Lord promised to establish his dynasty over Israel, David achieved a series of victories over virtually all of Israel’s neighboring nations. These began with David’s capture of Metheg-ammah (likely Gath) and all of Philistia and was followed by his victory over Moab. Then Nahash king of Ammon died, and David sent envoys to express his condolences to Nahash’s son Hanun, who had now become king. Hanun, however, intentionally humiliated David’s envoys, shaving off half their beards and cutting off the bottom half of their garments before sending them back to Israel. When David heard of it, he sent word to his envoys to remain at Jericho until their beards grew back. In the meantime, the Ammonites called upon several Aramean nations to help them fight against Israel, which was likely their original intent for humiliating David’s envoys. Warriors came from Beth-rehob and Zobah, which lay between Israel and Hamath farther north, as well as from Maacah (see “Geshur and Maacah” map) and Tob. The writer of 1 Chronicles also notes that soldiers came from Mesopotamia as well. David sent his commander Joab to fight this coalition at Rabbah. The writer of 1 Chronicles consistently speaks of the battle occurring at Medeba, rather than Rabbah, but the town of Medeba south of Heshbon seems an unlikely location for the battle. Perhaps Rabbah was also referred to at times as Medeba. In any case, Joab and his brother Abishai divided their forces into two groups, with Joab leading the fight against the Arameans to the north and Abishai leading the fight against the Ammonites just outside the gates of Rabbah. As Joab advanced, the Arameans fled, which in turn led the Ammonites to retreat behind the walls of Rabbah. After this Joab (and probably his forces) returned home to Israel. But the Arameans regrouped and added more troops from Aramean nations beyond the Euphrates River. David met them in battle at Helam (likely modern Alma) and won a great victory over them, even killing their commander Shobah (or Shophach). After this the Arameans made peace with Israel. Sometime later David also subjugated the Edomites, who lived to the south of Moab. It was likely sometime after this that David engaged in adultery with the wife of Uriah, one of his own valiant warriors (see “David’s Mighty Men” map), and then he tried to cover up his sin by arranging for Uriah’s death in battle. His sin was later exposed by Nathan the prophet, and David repented. After this Joab returned to Rabbah to finish capturing the city, and when victory was close at hand he called for David to come and finish taking the city. Thus the Ammonites became subject to Israel as well. From all these conquered nations David took many spoils and dedicated them to the Lord’s service, including great amounts of bronze from the towns of Tebah (also called Betah and Tibhath), Berothai, and Cun.
The Battle with the Ammonites and the Arameans
The Battle with the Arameans
2 Samuel 8:1-8; 10:1-19; 12:21-31; 1 Chronicles 18:2-11; 19:1-19; 20:1-3
The accounts of David’s greatest military victories stand like bookends around the record of David’s most grievous sins. Sometime after David brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem and the Lord promised to establish his dynasty over Israel, David achieved a series of victories over virtually all of Israel’s neighboring nations. These began with David’s capture of Metheg-ammah (likely Gath) and all of Philistia and was followed by his victory over Moab. Then Nahash king of Ammon died, and David sent envoys to express his condolences to Nahash’s son Hanun, who had now become king. Hanun, however, intentionally humiliated David’s envoys, shaving off half their beards and cutting off the bottom half of their garments before sending them back to Israel. When David heard of it, he sent word to his envoys to remain at Jericho until their beards grew back. In the meantime, the Ammonites called upon several Aramean nations to help them fight against Israel, which was likely their original intent for humiliating David’s envoys. Warriors came from Beth-rehob and Zobah, which lay between Israel and Hamath farther north, as well as from Maacah (see “Geshur and Maacah” map) and Tob. The writer of 1 Chronicles also notes that soldiers came from Mesopotamia as well. David sent his commander Joab to fight this coalition at Rabbah. The writer of 1 Chronicles consistently speaks of the battle occurring at Medeba, rather than Rabbah, but the town of Medeba south of Heshbon seems an unlikely location for the battle. Perhaps Rabbah was also referred to at times as Medeba. In any case, Joab and his brother Abishai divided their forces into two groups, with Joab leading the fight against the Arameans to the north and Abishai leading the fight against the Ammonites just outside the gates of Rabbah. As Joab advanced, the Arameans fled, which in turn led the Ammonites to retreat behind the walls of Rabbah. After this Joab (and probably his forces) returned home to Israel. But the Arameans regrouped and added more troops from Aramean nations beyond the Euphrates River. David met them in battle at Helam (likely modern Alma) and won a great victory over them, even killing their commander Shobah (or Shophach). After this the Arameans made peace with Israel. Sometime later David also subjugated the Edomites, who lived to the south of Moab. It was likely sometime after this that David engaged in adultery with the wife of Uriah, one of his own valiant warriors (see “David’s Mighty Men” map), and then he tried to cover up his sin by arranging for Uriah’s death in battle. His sin was later exposed by Nathan the prophet, and David repented. After this Joab returned to Rabbah to finish capturing the city, and when victory was close at hand he called for David to come and finish taking the city. Thus the Ammonites became subject to Israel as well. From all these conquered nations David took many spoils and dedicated them to the Lord’s service, including great amounts of bronze from the towns of Tebah (also called Betah and Tibhath), Berothai, and Cun.
The Battle with the Ammonites and the Arameans
The Battle with the Arameans