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Text critical issues=none Clarity of original=clearImportance=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV)So Hanun seized David’s servants and had half of their beardsshaved off and their robes cut in half all the way up to their buttocks, then he sent them off.
Key: khaki:verbs.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXXΚαὶ ἔλαβεν Ἀννὼν τοὺς παῖδας Δαυὶδ, καὶ ἐξύρησε τοὺς πώγωνας αὐτῶν, καὶ ἀπέκοψε τοὺς μανδύας αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ ἡμίσει ἕως τῶν ἰσχίων αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν αὐτούς. (Kai elaben Annōn tous paidas Dawid, kai exuraʸse tous pōgōnas autōn, kai apekopse tous manduas autōn en tōi haʸmisei heōs tōn isⱪiōn autōn, kai exapesteilen autous. )
BrTrAnd Annon took the servants of David, and shaved their beards, and cut off their garments in the midst as far as their haunches, and sent them away.
ULTAnd Hanun took the servants of David, and he shaved half of their beards, and he cut their robes in half up to their buttocks. And he sent them away.
USTHanun believed what they said. So he commanded some soldiers to seize David’s officials and insult them by shaving off one side of their beards, and by cutting off the lower part of their robes, with the result that their buttocks could be seen, and then they sent them away.
BSB § So Hanun took David’s servants, shaved off half of each man’s beard, cut off their garments at the hips, and sent them away.
OEBSo Hanun took David’s servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, cut their robes in two, even to their hips, and sent them away.
WEBBESo Hanun took David’s servants, shaved off one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
NETSo Hanun seized David’s servants and shaved off half of each one’s beard. He cut the lower part of their robes off so that their buttocks were exposed, and then sent them away.
LSVAnd Hanun takes the servants of David, and shaves off the half of their beard, and cuts off their long robes in the midst—to their buttocks, and sends them away;
FBVSo Hanun had David's representatives detained, shaved off half of each man's beard, cut off their clothes at the buttocks, and then sent them back home.
T4THanun believed what they said; so he commanded some soldiers to seize David’s officials and insult them by shaving off one side of each man’s beard, and by cutting off the lower part of their robes, with the result that their buttocks could be seen, and then they sent them away.
LEBThen Hanun took the servants of David, and he shaved off half of their beards and cut their garments off in the middle up to their buttocks, then sent them away.
BBESo Hanun took David's servants, and after cutting off half the hair on their chins, and cutting off the skirts of their robes up to the middle, he sent them away.
JPSSo Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
ASVSo Hanun took David’s servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
DRAWherefore Hanon took the servants of David, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut away half of their garments even to the buttocks, and sent them away.
YLTAnd Hanun taketh the servants of David, and shaveth off the half of their beard, and cutteth off their long robes in the midst — unto their buttocks, and sendeth them away;
DrbyAnd Hanun took David's servants, and had the one half of their beards shaved off, and their raiment cut off in the midst, as far as their buttocks, and sent them away.
RVSo Hanun took David’s servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
WbstrWherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
KJB-1769Wherefore Hanun took David’s servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
KJB-1611Wherefore Hanun tooke Dauids seruants, and shaued off the one halfe of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, euen to their buttocks, and sent them away. (Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation)
BshpsWherefore Hanon toke Dauids seruauntes, and shaued of the one halfe of their beardes, & cut of their garmetes in the middle, euen hard to the buttockes of them, and sent them away. (Wherefore Hanon took Davids servants, and shaved of the one half of their beardes, and cut of their garments in the middle, even hard to the buttocks of them, and sent them away.)
GnvaWherefore Hanun tooke Dauids seruants, and shaued off the halfe of their beard, and cut off their garments in the middle, euen to their buttockes, and sent them away. (Wherefore Hanun took Davids servants, and shaved off the half of their beard, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away. )
CvdlThen toke Hanun the seruauntes of Dauid, and shoue of the one halue of their beerdes, and cut of the halfe of their garmetes euen by the girdell, and so let them go. (Then took Hanun the servants of David, and shoue of the one half of their beards, and cut of the half of their garments even by the girdell, and so let them go.)
WyclTherfor Anoon took the seruauntis of Dauid, and schauyde half the part of `the beerd of hem, and he kittide awey the myddil clothis of hem `til to the buttokis; and lefte hem. (Therefore Anoon took the servants of David, and schauyde half the part of `the beerd of them, and he kittide away the middle clothes of them `til to the buttokis; and left them.)
LuthDa nahm Hanon die Knechte Davids und beschor ihnen den Bart halb und schnitt ihnen die Kleider halb ab bis an den Gürtel und ließ sie gehen. (So took Hanon the servant(s) Davids and beschor to_them the Bart halb and schnitt to_them the clothes halb ab until at the Gürtel and left/let they/she/them go.)
ClVgTulit itaque Hanon servos David, rasitque dimidiam partem barbæ eorum et præscidit vestes eorum medias usque ad nates, et dimisit eos.[fn] (Tulit therefore Hanon servos David, rasitque dimidiam partem barbæ their and præscidit vestes their medias until to nates, and dimisit them. )
10.4Tulit itaque Hanon servos David, rasitque barbam, etc. RAB., ex Euch. Significant hæc bellum diaboli contra Ecclesiam. Hanon enim, id est, dolor eorum, diabolum significat, qui Ammonitarum, id est, malignorum spirituum, id est, rector populi mœroris et semper in angustia constituti, qui comprimere vel angustiare homines desiderat. Radit ergo Hanon barbam dimidiam nuntiorum David, cum diabolus quorumdam prædicatorum sermonem vel conversationem corrumpendo maculat. Præcidit tunicas usque ad inguina, cum turpia facta quæ persuadet, in oculis hominum revelat. His necesse est sedeant in Jericho donec crescat barba, ne sint opprobrium aliorum et anathema omnium, id est, donec incrementa virtutum in eis nascantur, et digni habeantur præsentari suo regi. David autem noster milites suos inultos esse non patitur, sed exercitu congregato suorum injuriam vindicat, nec solum adversarios per sanctorum suorum victoriam confundit, sed etiam in extremo judicio perpetuis ignibus tradit.
10.4Tulit therefore Hanon servos David, rasitque barbam, etc. RAB., from Euch. Significant these_things bellum diaboli on_the_contrary Ecclesiam. Hanon because, id it_is, pain their, diabolum significat, who Ammonitarum, id it_is, malignorum spirituum, id it_is, rector of_the_people mœroris and always in angustia constituti, who comprimere or angustiare homines desiderat. Radit therefore Hanon barbam dimidiam nuntiorum David, when/with diabolus quorumdam prælet_him_sayorum conversation or conversationem corrumpendo maculat. Præcidit tunicas until to inguina, when/with turpia facts which persuadet, in oculis of_men revelat. His necesse it_is sedeant in Yericho until crescat barba, not sint opprobrium aliorum and anathema omnium, id it_is, until incrementa virtutum in to_them nascantur, and digni habeantur præsentari his_own regi. David however noster milites suos inultos esse not/no patitur, but exercitu congregato suorum inyuriam vinlet_him_say, but_not solum adversarios through sanctorum suorum victoriam confundit, but also in extremo yudicio perpetuis ignibus tradit.
10:4 Shaving half of each man’s beard was intended to maximize the humiliation and ridicule. • cut off their robes: The humiliating display of genitalia or the buttocks was associated with military defeat and exile (Isa 20).
(Some words not found in UHB: and=he/it_took Ḩānūn DOM servants Dāvid's and,shaved_off DOM half beards,their and,cut_off DOM garments,their in/on/at/with,middle until hips,their and,sent_~_away,them )
This act was meant as an insult to humiliate the men.
2 Samuel 8:1-8; 10:1-19; 12:21-31; 1 Chronicles 18:2-11; 19:1-19; 20:1-3
The accounts of David’s greatest military victories stand like bookends around the record of David’s most grievous sins. Sometime after David brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem and the Lord promised to establish his dynasty over Israel, David achieved a series of victories over virtually all of Israel’s neighboring nations. These began with David’s capture of Metheg-ammah (likely Gath) and all of Philistia and was followed by his victory over Moab. Then Nahash king of Ammon died, and David sent envoys to express his condolences to Nahash’s son Hanun, who had now become king. Hanun, however, intentionally humiliated David’s envoys, shaving off half their beards and cutting off the bottom half of their garments before sending them back to Israel. When David heard of it, he sent word to his envoys to remain at Jericho until their beards grew back. In the meantime, the Ammonites called upon several Aramean nations to help them fight against Israel, which was likely their original intent for humiliating David’s envoys. Warriors came from Beth-rehob and Zobah, which lay between Israel and Hamath farther north, as well as from Maacah (see “Geshur and Maacah” map) and Tob. The writer of 1 Chronicles also notes that soldiers came from Mesopotamia as well. David sent his commander Joab to fight this coalition at Rabbah. The writer of 1 Chronicles consistently speaks of the battle occurring at Medeba, rather than Rabbah, but the town of Medeba south of Heshbon seems an unlikely location for the battle. Perhaps Rabbah was also referred to at times as Medeba. In any case, Joab and his brother Abishai divided their forces into two groups, with Joab leading the fight against the Arameans to the north and Abishai leading the fight against the Ammonites just outside the gates of Rabbah. As Joab advanced, the Arameans fled, which in turn led the Ammonites to retreat behind the walls of Rabbah. After this Joab (and probably his forces) returned home to Israel. But the Arameans regrouped and added more troops from Aramean nations beyond the Euphrates River. David met them in battle at Helam (likely modern Alma) and won a great victory over them, even killing their commander Shobah (or Shophach). After this the Arameans made peace with Israel. Sometime later David also subjugated the Edomites, who lived to the south of Moab. It was likely sometime after this that David engaged in adultery with the wife of Uriah, one of his own valiant warriors (see “David’s Mighty Men” map), and then he tried to cover up his sin by arranging for Uriah’s death in battle. His sin was later exposed by Nathan the prophet, and David repented. After this Joab returned to Rabbah to finish capturing the city, and when victory was close at hand he called for David to come and finish taking the city. Thus the Ammonites became subject to Israel as well. From all these conquered nations David took many spoils and dedicated them to the Lord’s service, including great amounts of bronze from the towns of Tebah (also called Betah and Tibhath), Berothai, and Cun.
2 Samuel 8:1-8; 10:1-19; 12:21-31; 1 Chronicles 18:2-11; 19:1-19; 20:1-3
The accounts of David’s greatest military victories stand like bookends around the record of David’s most grievous sins. Sometime after David brought the Ark of the Covenant into Jerusalem and the Lord promised to establish his dynasty over Israel, David achieved a series of victories over virtually all of Israel’s neighboring nations. These began with David’s capture of Metheg-ammah (likely Gath) and all of Philistia and was followed by his victory over Moab. Then Nahash king of Ammon died, and David sent envoys to express his condolences to Nahash’s son Hanun, who had now become king. Hanun, however, intentionally humiliated David’s envoys, shaving off half their beards and cutting off the bottom half of their garments before sending them back to Israel. When David heard of it, he sent word to his envoys to remain at Jericho until their beards grew back. In the meantime, the Ammonites called upon several Aramean nations to help them fight against Israel, which was likely their original intent for humiliating David’s envoys. Warriors came from Beth-rehob and Zobah, which lay between Israel and Hamath farther north, as well as from Maacah (see “Geshur and Maacah” map) and Tob. The writer of 1 Chronicles also notes that soldiers came from Mesopotamia as well. David sent his commander Joab to fight this coalition at Rabbah. The writer of 1 Chronicles consistently speaks of the battle occurring at Medeba, rather than Rabbah, but the town of Medeba south of Heshbon seems an unlikely location for the battle. Perhaps Rabbah was also referred to at times as Medeba. In any case, Joab and his brother Abishai divided their forces into two groups, with Joab leading the fight against the Arameans to the north and Abishai leading the fight against the Ammonites just outside the gates of Rabbah. As Joab advanced, the Arameans fled, which in turn led the Ammonites to retreat behind the walls of Rabbah. After this Joab (and probably his forces) returned home to Israel. But the Arameans regrouped and added more troops from Aramean nations beyond the Euphrates River. David met them in battle at Helam (likely modern Alma) and won a great victory over them, even killing their commander Shobah (or Shophach). After this the Arameans made peace with Israel. Sometime later David also subjugated the Edomites, who lived to the south of Moab. It was likely sometime after this that David engaged in adultery with the wife of Uriah, one of his own valiant warriors (see “David’s Mighty Men” map), and then he tried to cover up his sin by arranging for Uriah’s death in battle. His sin was later exposed by Nathan the prophet, and David repented. After this Joab returned to Rabbah to finish capturing the city, and when victory was close at hand he called for David to come and finish taking the city. Thus the Ammonites became subject to Israel as well. From all these conquered nations David took many spoils and dedicated them to the Lord’s service, including great amounts of bronze from the towns of Tebah (also called Betah and Tibhath), Berothai, and Cun.
