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Tyndale Open Bible Dictionary

ELI

Priest in the sanctuary of the Lord at Shiloh in the period of the judges (1 Sm 1:3, 9 (RV SA1 1:3 · RV SA1 1:9 · LV SA1 1:3 · LV SA1 1:9 · Read together SA1 1:3 · Read together SA1 1:9)). Shiloh, about 10 miles (16 kilometers) north of Jerusalem, was the central shrine of the Israelite tribal confederation. Eli had two sons who were priests, Hophni and Phinehas (which are Egyptian names). No lineage is recorded for Eli, but there are two possible suggestions: he is a descendant of Ithamar, Aaron’s younger son (1 Sm 22:20 (RV · LV · Read together); 1 Kgs 2:27 (RV · LV · Read together); 1 Chr 24:3 (RV · LV · Read together)); or he comes from the house of Eleazar (Ex 6:23-25 (RV · LV · Read together); 2 Esd 1:2-3 (RV · Read together)). In 1 Samuel 1 (RV · LV · Read together), Eli blessed the childless Hannah, Elkanah’s wife, after learning of her prayer for a son. Subsequently, Samuel was born, and when he was weaned, he was brought by his mother to Eli for service and training in the sanctuary, according to her promise to the Lord.

SA1 1:3; SA1 1:9: RV SA1 1:3 · RV SA1 1:9 · LV SA1 1:3 · LV SA1 1:9 · Read together SA1 1:3 · Read together SA1 1:9

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OET-RV SA1 1:3

3 Every year he would take his family to Shiloh to offer sacrifices to commander Yahweh. Eli was Yahweh’s priest there, and his two sons Hofni and Pinhas also served there.

OET-RV SA1 1:9

9 One time Hannah got up after eating and drinking at Shiloh. (Eli the priest was sitting on the seat near the entrance of Yahweh’s tent.)

OET-LV SA1 1:3

3 And_ the_man (the)_that _he/it _would _go _up from_city _of_his from_days to_days to_bow _down and_to_sacrifice to/for_YHWH soldiers/messengers in_Shiloh and_there the _two _of the _sons _of ˊĒlī Ḩofnī and_Pinehas were_priests to/for_YHWH.

OET-LV SA1 1:9

9 And_ Ḩannāh _she/it _arose after had _eaten in_Shiloh and_after had _drunk and_ˊĒlī the_priest/officer was_sitting on the_seat at the _doorpost _of the _temple _of YHWH.

SA1 22:20: RV SA1 22:20 · LV SA1 22:20 · Read together SA1 22:20

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OET-RV SA1 22:20

20 But one of Ahimelek’s sons was able to slip away. His name was Evyatar and he fled to join David,

OET-LV SA1 22:20

20 And_ a _son one of_ʼAḩīmelek the _son _of ʼAḩīţūⱱ _he _escaped and_his/its_name was_ʼEⱱyātār and_he _fled after Dāvid.

KI1 2:27: RV KI1 2:27 · LV KI1 2:27 · Read together KI1 2:27

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OET-RV KI1 2:27

27 That was how Shelomoh (Solomon) banished Evyatar from being a priest to Yahweh. It was done to fulfill what Yahweh had said at Shiloh said about removing Eli’s descendants.

OET-LV KI1 2:27

27 And_ Shəlomoh/(Solomon) _he/it _drove _out DOM ʼEⱱyātār from_being a _priest to/for_YHWH to_fulfill DOM the _message _of YHWH which he _had _spoken on the _house _of ˊĒlī in_Shiloh.

CH1 24:3: RV CH1 24:3 · LV CH1 24:3 · Read together CH1 24:3

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OET-RV CH1 24:3

3 David gave Eleazar’s descendant Tsadok, and Itamar’s descendant Ahimelek two different sets of duties to perform.

OET-LV CH1 24:3

3 And_he_divided _them Dāvid and_Tsādōq/(Zadok) one _of the _descendants _of ʼElˊāzār and_ʼAḩīmelek one _of the _descendants _of ʼĪtāmār to_group _of_their by_service _of_their.

EXO 6:23–25: RV EXO 6:23–25 · LV EXO 6:23–25 · Read together EXO 6:23–25

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OET-RV EXO 6:23

23 Aharon married Elisheva, Aminadav’s daughter and the sister of Nahshon, and she gave birth to Nadav, Avihu, Eleazar, and Itamar.

OET-RV EXO 6:24

24 Korah’s sons were Asir, Elkanah, and Aviasaf, and they headed the clans of Korah.

OET-RV EXO 6:25

25 Aharon’s son Eleazar took a wife for himself from the daughters of Putiel and she gave birth to Pinhas.
¶ All of those headed the clans of Levi.

OET-LV EXO 6:23

23 And_ ʼAhₐron _he/it _took DOM ʼElīsheⱱaˊ the _daughter _of ˊAmminādāⱱ the _sister _of Naḩshōn to_him/it to/for_(a)_woman and_she/it _gave _birth to_him/it DOM Nādāⱱ and_DOM ʼAⱱīhūʼ DOM ʼElˊāzār and_DOM ʼĪtāmār.

OET-LV EXO 6:24

24 And_the _sons of _Qoraḩ were_ʼAşşir and_ʼElqānāh and_Abiasaph these were_the _clans _of the _Qoraḩite[s].

OET-LV EXO 6:25

25 And_ʼElˊāzār the _son _of ʼAhₐron he _took to_him/it one_of _the _daughters _of Pūţī^ʼēl to_him/it to/for_(a)_woman and_she/it _gave _birth to_him/it DOM Pinḩāş these were_the _heads _of the _fathers _of the _Lēviyyiy to_their_clans.

LES 1:2–3: RV LES 1:2–3 · LV unavailable · Read together LES 1:2–3

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OET-RV LES 1:2

2 the son of Ahiyah, the son of Pinhas, the son of Eli, the son of Amaryah, the son of Uzi, the son of Merayot, the son of Arna, the son of Ozias, the son of Buki, the son of Avishua, the son of Pinhas, the son of Eleazar,

OET-RV LES 1:3

3 the son of Aharon (Aaron), of the tribe of Levi, who was captive in the land of the Madim (Medes), in the reign of Artahshashta (Artaxerxes) king of the Persians.

Hophni and Phinehas were corrupting the Israelites despite Eli’s protests, and for this sin God promised judgment upon Eli’s family (1 Sm 2:27, 36 (RV SA1 2:27 · RV SA1 2:36 · LV SA1 2:27 · LV SA1 2:36 · Read together SA1 2:27 · Read together SA1 2:36)). The sons of Eli were to die on the same day (v 34 (RV · LV · Read together)), and the fulfillment came in a battle with the Philistines at Aphek (4:11, 17 (RV SA1 4:11 · RV SA1 4:17 · LV SA1 4:11 · LV SA1 4:17 · Read together SA1 4:11 · Read together SA1 4:17)). Eli, too, died when he heard of the defeat and the loss of the ark of the covenant to the Philistines. At his death he was 98 years old, and besides being priest, he also had judged Israel for 40 years (vv 15-18 (RV · LV · Read together)). Eli’s daughter-in-law, Phinehas’s wife, died in childbirth, brokenhearted over the loss of her husband and the ark. She named her son Ichabod because she felt that there was no more hope (vv 19-22 (RV · LV · Read together)).

SA1 2:27; SA1 2:36: RV SA1 2:27 · RV SA1 2:36 · LV SA1 2:27 · LV SA1 2:36 · Read together SA1 2:27 · Read together SA1 2:36

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OET-RV SA1 2:27

27 One day one of God’s prophets came to Eli and told him, “This is what Yahweh says, ‘Didn’t I clearly reveal myself to your ancestors when they were Par’oh’s (Pharaoh) slaves in Mitsrayim (Egypt)?

OET-RV SA1 2:36

36 Any of your descendants who remain alive will have to go to him to request food and money and beg for some priestly work to earn something to eat.’ ”

OET-LV SA1 2:27

27 And_ a _man _of god _he _came to ˊĒlī and_he/it _said to_him/it thus YHWH he _says indeed_(reveal) did _I _reveal _myself to the _house _of your _ancestor _of_your on_their_being in_Miʦrayim/(Egypt) to_the _house _of Parˊoh.

OET-LV SA1 2:36

36 And_it _was every _of (the)_one_who_remains in_house _of_your he _will _come to_bow _down to_him/it for_a _payment _of silver and_a _round _loaf _of bread and_saying(ms) attach_me please to one of_the _priesthoods to_eat a _piece _of bread.

SA1 2:34: RV SA1 2:34 · LV SA1 2:34 · Read together SA1 2:34

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OET-RV SA1 2:34

34 This will be the sign: it’ll turn out that your two sons Hofni and Pinhas will both die on the same day.

OET-LV SA1 2:34

34 And_this for_you will_be_the _sign which it _will _come to the _two _of sons _of_your to Ḩofnī and_Pinḩāş in/on_day one both _of_of _them they _will _die.

SA1 4:11; SA1 4:17: RV SA1 4:11 · RV SA1 4:17 · LV SA1 4:11 · LV SA1 4:17 · Read together SA1 4:11 · Read together SA1 4:17

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OET-RV SA1 4:11

11 As well as that, the box with God’s agreement was taken, and Eli’s two sons Hofni and Pinhas were killed.

OET-RV SA1 4:17

17 “Yisrael (Israel) fled defeated from the Pelishtim,” said the messenger. “And also, there has been a terrible slaughter of our people. What’s more, your two sons, Hofni and Pinhas, were killed, and the sacred chest has been captured.”

OET-LV SA1 4:11

11 And_the _box _of god it _was _taken and_the _two _of the _sons _of ˊĒlī they _died Ḩofnī and_Pinḩāş.

OET-LV SA1 4:17

17 And_ the _bearer_news _he _answered and_he/it _said Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) it _has _fled to_(the)_face _of/in _front _of/before the_Pəlishtiy and_also a _slaughter great it _has _been among_people and_also the _two _of sons _of_your they _have _died Ḩofnī and_Pinḩāş and_the _box _of the_ʼElohīm it _has _been _taken.

SA1 4:15–18: RV SA1 4:15–18 · LV SA1 4:15–18 · Read together SA1 4:15–18

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OET-RV SA1 4:15

15 At that time, Eli was ninety-eight years old, and he stared straight ahead because he couldn’t see.

OET-RV SA1 4:16

16 The man told him, “I’m the one who’s just come from the battle line. I had to fled from the battle line today.”
¶ “What was the issue, my son?” Eli asked.

OET-RV SA1 4:17

OET-RV SA1 4:18

18 The moment he mentioned the capturing of God’s box, Eli fell backwards off the seat beside the city gate. Because he was old and very heavy, his neck broke and he died. Eli had led Yisrael for forty years.

OET-LV SA1 4:15

15 And_ˊĒlī was_a _son _of ninety and_eight year[s] and_eyes _of_his it _was _set and_not he _was _able to_see.

OET-LV SA1 4:16

16 And_ the_man _he/it _said to ˊĒlī I am_the_one _who_comes from the _battle_line and_I from the _battle_line I _have _fled the_day and_he/it _said what the_message was _it my _son _of_my.

OET-LV SA1 4:17

OET-LV SA1 4:18

18 And_he/it _was just_as_he _brought _to _remembrance DOM the _box _of the_ʼElohīm and_he _fell from_under the_seat backwards behind the _side _of the _gate and_ neck _of_his _it _was _broken and_he/it _died if/because the_man he _was _old and_heavy and_he he _had _judged DOM Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) forty year[s].

SA1 4:19–22: RV SA1 4:19–22 · LV SA1 4:19–22 · Read together SA1 4:19–22

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OET-RV SA1 4:19

19 Now Pinhas’ wife (Eli’s daughter-in-law) was pregnant—about to give birth—when she heard the news about the sacred chest being taken, and that both her father-in-law and her husband had died. At that moment, she knelt down and gave birth because the birth pains suddenly started.

OET-RV SA1 4:20

20 But she was dying, and the women who stood over her said, “Don’t be afraid, because you’ve given birth to a son.” But she didn’t answer or pay any attention.

OET-RV SA1 4:21

21 She named the boy ‘I-Kavod’ (which means ‘no glory’), saying, “The glory has departed from Yisrael (Israel),” about the sacred chest being taken, and about the deaths of her father-in-law and her husband.

OET-RV SA1 4:22

22 Then she said, “The glory has departed from Yisrael, because the sacred chest has been taken.”

OET-LV SA1 4:19

19 And_daughter-in-law _of_his the _wife _of Pinḩāş was_pregnant to_give _birth and_she _heard DOM the_report concerning of _the _box _of the_ʼElohīm the _being _taken and_ father-in-law _of_her and_husband _of_her _he _had _died and_she _bowed _down and_she/it _gave _birth if/because they _turned on/upon_it(f) pangs _of_her.

OET-LV SA1 4:20

20 And_about_the _time _of died_she and_ those_who _were_standing on/upon_it(f) _they _spoke do _not be _afraid if/because a _son you _have _borne and_not she _answered and_not she _set her/its_heart.

OET-LV SA1 4:21

21 And_she/it _called/named (to)_lad I- chabod to_say glory it _has _gone _into _exile from_Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) because _of the _box _of the_ʼElohīm the _being _taken and_near/to father-in-law _of_her and_husband _of_her.

OET-LV SA1 4:22

22 And_she/it _said glory it _has _gone _into _exile from_Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) if/because the _box _of the_ʼElohīm it _has _been _taken.

Eli was not characterized by a firm personality. He was no doubt sincere and devout, but he was also weak and indulgent.