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Tyndale Open Bible Dictionary

Intro ← Index → ©

SHAMMAI

1. Onam’s son, brother of Jada and the father of Nadab and Abishur from Judah’s tribe (1 Chr 2:28, 32 OET CH1 2:28 · OET CH1 2:32).

Show passage in OET: CH1 2:28; CH1 2:32

OET-RV CH1 2:28

28 Onam’s sons were Shamay and Yada, and Shamay’s sons were Nadav and Avishur.

OET-RV CH1 2:32

32 The sons of Shamay’s brother Yada were Yeter and Yonatan (Jonathan). (Yeter died childless.)

OET-LV CH1 2:28

28 And_ the_sons_of ʼŌnām _they_were Shammay and_Yādāˊ/(Jada) and_the_sons of_Shammay were_Nādāⱱ and_ʼAⱱīshūr.

OET-LV CH1 2:32

32 And_the_sons of_Yādāˊ/(Jada) the_brother_of Shammay were_Yeter/(Jether) and_Yōnātān/(Yəhōnātān/(Jonathan)) and_ Yeter not sons _he/it_died.

Jump to OET CH1 2:28 section. · OET CH1 2:32 section.

2. Rekem’s son and the father of Maon from Caleb’s house (1 Chr 2:44-45).

Show passage in OET: CH1 2:44–45

OET-RV CH1 2:44

44 Shema was the father of Raham. Raham was the father of Yarekeam. Rekem was the father of Shamay.

OET-RV CH1 2:45

45 Shamay’s son was Maeon, and Maeon was the father of Beyt-Tsur.

OET-LV CH1 2:44

44 And_Shemaˊ he_fathered DOM Raḩam the_father_of Yorqəˊām/(Jorkeam) and_Reqem he_fathered DOM Shammay.

OET-LV CH1 2:45

45 And_the_son_of Shammay was_Māˊōn and_Māˊōn was_the_father_of Bēyt Tsūr/(Tsūr).

Jump to OET CH1 2:44–45 section.

3. Mered’s son by Bithiah, Pharaoh’s daughter, and a descendant of Caleb (1 Chr 4:17-18).

Show passage in OET: CH1 4:17–18

OET-RV CH1 4:17

17 Ezra’s sons were Yeter, Mered, Efer, and Yalon. And Mered’s wife Bityah conceived Miryam (Miriam), Shamay, and Yishbah, the father of Eshtemoa.

OET-RV CH1 4:18

18 ⇔She was one of Par’oh’s (Pharaoh’s) daughters. Mered’s wife, who was a descendant of Yehudah (Judah), gave birth to Yered (Jared) the father of Gedor, Hever the father of Sokoh, and Yekutiel the father of Zanoah.

OET-LV CH1 4:17

17 And_the_son_of Ezrah was_Yeter/(Jether) and_Mered and_ˊĒfer and_Yālōn/(Jalon) and_she/it_conceived/became_pregnant DOM Miryām and_DOM Shammay and_DOM Yishbaḩ/(Ishbah) the_father_of ʼEshtəmoˊa.

OET-LV CH1 4:18

18 And_his/its_woman/wife (the)_Yəhūdī/(Judean) she_bore DOM Yered/(Jared) the_father_of Gədor and_DOM Ḩeⱱer the_father_of Sōkoh and_DOM Yəqūtīʼēl/(Jekuthiel) the_father_of Zānōaḩ and_these were_the_sons_of Bityāh the_daughter_of Parˊoh whom Mered he_had_taken.

Jump to OET CH1 4:17–18 section.

4. Prominent rabbi whose life spanned the period 50 BC to AD 30. His name is most frequently coupled with that of his equally famous contemporary, Hillel, who was president of the Sanhedrin while Shammai was vice-president. Shammai had the reputation for being strict and rigid in his application of the law and severely literal in his interpretation of the Scriptures, while Hillel was more liberal and humane in applying the law and more imaginative in the use of the Scriptures. Shammai was renowned for his hatred of Roman domination and tried to forbid Jewish people from buying food or drink from Gentiles.

Two schools of interpretation followed these two contemporaries—“the house of Shammai” and “the house of Hillel”—continuing to the time of the compilation of the Mishnah, though the house of Hillel seems to have gradually gained ascendancy over the house of Shammai. The debates and conversations between the two rabbis or the two schools are recorded in the Mishnah and the Talmud, pertaining to such matters as offerings, priestly dues, tithes, Levitical cleanness and uncleanness, the observance of the Sabbath, marriage and divorce.

See also Hillel; Judaism; Pharisees; Talmud.

Did Jesus Side with Hillel or Shammai?

According to Matthew 19:3, it is said that some Pharisees approached Jesus and tested him by asking, “Is it lawful to divorce one’s wife for any and every reason?” They wanted to see whether he would side with the school of Shammai or the school of Hillel. The Shammai school would allow divorce only for immorality, while the school of Hillel allowed a husband to divorce his wife for a variety of lesser reasons. Jesus’ response indicated that he did not affirm any kind of divorce, unless one partner had commited adultery (Mt 19:4-9).

Show passage in OET: MAT 19:3

OET-RV MAT 19:3

3 Some people from the Farisaios’ party approached him to test him by asking, “Is there any cause for which a man can dismiss his wife?”

OET-LV MAT 19:3

3 And the_Farisaios_party approached to_him, testing him and saying:
- Is_it_permitting to_send_away the wife of_him according_to any cause?
Show passage in OET: MAT 19:4–9

OET-RV MAT 19:4

4 “Haven’t you read,” he replied, “that God made them male and female from the beginning?

OET-RV MAT 19:5

5 And then how he said, ‘A man will leave his parents and be joined together with his wife, and then the two of them will be a single body’?

OET-RV MAT 19:6

6 So then, they’re no longer two but are now one body, therefore don’t let any person separate what God has joined together.”

OET-RV MAT 19:7

7 “So why did Mosheh (Moses) allow us to give her divorce papers and then send her away?” they asked him.

OET-RV MAT 19:8

8 “It was because of your hard hearts that Mosheh allowed you to send away your wife,” Yeshua (Jesus; Grk. Yesus) answered, “but it wasn’t like that at the beginning.

OET-RV MAT 19:9

9 Now I’m telling you that anyone who divorces his wife, except in the case of sexual immorality, and then remarries, is responsible for sexual cheating. Also, if the woman who was sent away remarries, then she’s responsible for cheating, too.

OET-LV MAT 19:4

4 And which answering he_said:
You_all_ not _read that he having_made them from beginning:
made them male and female?

OET-LV MAT 19:5

5 And he_said:
On_account of_this a_man will_be_leaving his father and his mother, and will_be_being_joined_together with_the wife of_him, and the two will_be into one flesh?

OET-LV MAT 19:6

6 So_that they_ no_longer _are two, but one flesh.
Therefore what the god joined_together, let_ man not _be_separating.

OET-LV MAT 19:7

7 They_are_saying to_him:
Therefore why Mōsaʸs/(Mosheh) commanded to_give a_scroll of_divorce and to_send_ her _away?

OET-LV MAT 19:8

8 He_is_saying to_them, that For/Because the hard_heart of_you_all, Mōsaʸs permitted to_you_all to_send_away the wives of_you_all, but from the_beginning it_has_ not _become thus.

OET-LV MAT 19:9

9 And I_am_saying to_you_all that whoever wishfully may_send_away the wife of_him not/lest for sexual_immorality, and may_marry another, is_causing_adultery.
And the one having_been_sent_away, marrying is_causing_adultery.

Jump to OET MAT 19:3 section.

Jump to OET MAT 19:4–9 section.