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20:1 The ten rules
20 Then God gave these instructions to the Israelis: 2 I’m your God Yahweh, who rescued you[fn] from where you were enslaved in Egypt.
3 You mustn’t own any other gods in my sight. 4 You mustn’t make a carved figure for yourself, nor carve a copy of anything in the sky above or in the earth below, or that’s in the water under the earth.[ref] 5 Don’t bow down to idols and don’t serve them, because I, your God Yahweh, am a jealous God. I remember the sins of the fathers and punish the children of even the third and fourth generation of those who hate me,[ref] 6 but I faithfully fulfil my promises to thousands of generations of those who love me and who obey my instructions.
7 You mustn’t wrongly promote the name of Yahweh your God, because I will not leave anyone unpunished who does that.[ref]
8 Keep Saturday different from all the other days—[ref] 9 there’s six days every week for working.[ref] 10 The seventh day is a rest day for Yahweh your God: you mustn’t do any work—not you, or your children, or your male or female servants, or your cattle, or the foreigners live among you—11 because Yahweh made the heavens and earth, the sea, and everything that’s in them in six days. Then he rested on the seventh day, so that’s why he blessed the rest day and made it sacred.[ref]
12 Honour your father and your mother, so that you’ll have a long life on the land that your God Yahweh is about to give you.[ref]
14 You mustn’t commit adultery.[ref]
16 You mustn’t lie in court.[ref]
17 You mustn’t covet your neighbour’s house or spouse, or their male or female servants, or their animals, or anything else they own.[ref]
20:2 Although modern English doesn’t easily distinguish it, this discourse is addressed to singular ‘you’, i.e., to the Israelis as one group. While some of our modern, individualistic cultures might naturally interpret these rules as applying to individuals, they were given to Israel to implement at a national level.
20:4-5: Exo 34:17; Lev 19:4; 26:1; Deu 4:15-18; 27:15.
20:5-6: Exo 34:6-7; Num 14:18; Deu 7:9-10.
20:9-10: Exo 23:12; 31:15; 34:21; 35:2; Lev 23:3.
20:12: a Deu 27:16; Mat 15:4; 19:19; Mrk 7:10; 10:19; Luk 18:20; Eph 6:2; b Eph 6:3.
20:13: Gen 9:6; Lev 24:17; Mat 5:21; 19:18; Mrk 10:19; Luk 18:20; Rom 13:9; Jam 2:11.
20:14: Lev 20:10; Mat 5:27; 19:18; Mrk 10:19; Luk 18:20; Rom 13:9; Jam 2:11.
20:15: Lev 19:11; Mat 19:18; Mrk 10:19; Luk 18:20; Rom 13:9.
EXO Intro C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 C36 C37 C38 C39 C40