χαλκός (ⱪalkόs) — bronze / brass / copper

Notes: Except for the occurrence of ἀργύριον in the plural (OET MAT 26:15), it would be possible to derive all of these references to copper (bronze), silver, and gold coins as direct and predictable metonymic correspondences of the respective terms for substances (see 2.54: χαλκός, 51, 49). Since, however, some languages employ clear distinctions between metals as substances and metals when manufactured into the form of coins, the present classification would seem to be more useful.

Form 1

Part of speech: noun, m.

Inflections: χαλκός; -οῦ

Sense 1: bronze, brass, copper

Semantic entry: 2.54

Semantic domains: Natural Substances

Subdomains: Metals

Definition: generally bronze (an alloy of copper and tin), but in some contexts apparently brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) and perhaps in a few instances copper

Notes: Most archaeological objects of the Middle East containing copper consist of bronze, and therefore the most accurate translation of χαλκός[a] is in most instances a term for bronze, which is harder than brass and much harder than pure copper. Many languages have technical terms for bronze, brass, and copper, but some simply designate bronze as ‘brown metal,’ brass as ‘bright metal,’ and copper as ‘red metal.’

Show passage in OET: REV 18:12

OET-RV REV 18:12

12 gold and silver, precious stones and pearls, fine linen and purple cloth and silk and scarlet cloth, expensive wood and carved ivory containers and every kind of container made from the costliest wood and bronze and iron and marble,

OET-LV REV 18:12

12 cargo of _gold, and of _silver, and of _stone precious, and of _pearls, and of _linen, and of _purple, and of _silk, and of _scarlet, and all wood citron, and every object ivory, and every object of wood most _precious, and of _bronze, and of _iron, and of _marble,

Jump to OET REV 18:12 section.

Sense 2: copper coins, bronze money

Semantic entry: 6.72

Semantic domains: Artifacts

Subdomains: Money and Monetary Units

Definition: coins of bronze or copper, and hence of little value{N:001}

Show passage in OET: MAT 10:9

OET-RV MAT 10:9

9 Don’t accept any money for your wallets,

OET-LV MAT 10:9

9 You _all _may_ neither _acquire gold, nor silver, nor copper in the belts of _you _all,

Show passage in OET: MRK 6:8

OET-RV MRK 6:8

8 He insisted that they can carry a walking stick, but not to take food, a backpack, or money.

OET-LV MRK 6:8

8 And he _commanded to _them that they _may _be _taking _away nothing for journey, except only not/lest a_staff, not bread, not a_knapsack, not money in the belt,

Jump to OET MAT 10:9 section.

Jump to OET MRK 6:8 section.

All 3 recorded passages for this sense

MAT: OET MAT 10:9

MRK: OET MRK 6:8 · OET MRK 12:41

Sense 3: brass gong

Semantic entry: 6.95

Semantic domains: Artifacts

Subdomains: Musical Instruments

Definition: (an idiom, literally: echoing brass, or: resounding brass) a gong made of brass

Notes: In a number of languages the equivalent of gong is ‘noisy metal’ or ‘reverberating metal’ or ‘echoing metal,’ but frequently translators have simply used an expression meaning ‘loud bell.’

Collocations: χαλκὸς ἠχῶν

Show passage in OET: CO1 13:1

OET-RV CO1 13:1

13 Even if I could speak in human languages as well as the languages of God’s messengers, but didn’t love others, then I’d just be like a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal.

OET-LV CO1 13:1

13 If with _the tongues of_ the _humans I _may _be _speaking and of_ the _messengers, but love not I _may _be _having, I _have _become brass resounding or a_cymbal screaming.

Jump to OET CO1 13:1 section.

UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

χαλκός

Form 1

Sense 1: bronze, brass, copper

Sense 2: copper coins, bronze money

Sense 3: brass gong