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OSHB Deu 2:30 הִקְשָׁה (hiqshāh) Strongs=7185 Lemma=‘קָשָׁה’
contextual word gloss=‘he_had_made_stubborn’ word gloss=‘hardened’
Morphology=Vhp3ms PoS=hiphil_verb Type=perfect_(qatal) Person=third Gender=masculine Number=singular
Year=-1453
Note: These word pages enable you to click through to the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB) that the Open English Translation Old Testament is translated from. The OSHB is based on the Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC). (We are still searching for a digitized facsimile of the Leningradensis manuscript that we can easily link to. See this list and this archive for now.) This is all part of the commitment of the Open English Translation team to be transparent about all levels of the Bible translation process right back to the original manuscripts.
The word form ‘הִקְשָׁה’ (Morphology=Vhp3ms PoS=hiphil_verb Type=perfect_(qatal) Person=third Gender=masculine Number=singular) has 4 different glosses: ‘has_he_shown_stubbornness’, ‘he_had_made_stubborn’, ‘he_made_hard’, ‘he_made_stubborn’.
EXO 13:15 contextual word gloss=‘he_made_stubborn’ word gloss=‘stubbornly_refused’ OSHB EXO 13:15 word 3
OET-LV: 15 And_he/it_was if/because Parˊoh he_made_stubborn to_let_us_go and_ YHWH _he_killed every_of firstborn in_land of_Miʦrayim/(Egypt) from_the_firstborn_of humankind and_unto the_firstborn_of livestock therefore yes/correct/thus/so I am_sacrificing to/for_YHWH every_of firstborn_of a_womb the_males and_all (the)_firstborn_of my_sons_of_of I_redeem. (EXO_13:15)
OET-RV: 15 And so it was that when Far’oh was too stubborn to let us go, then Yahweh struck all of the oldest sons and oldest male animals in Egypt. That’s why we offer all the oldest offspring to Yahweh, and why we need to buy back all our oldest sons.’ (EXO 13:15)
1 KI 12:4 contextual word gloss=‘he_made_hard’ word gloss=‘heavy’ OSHB 1 KI 12:4 word 2
OET-LV: 4 I_will_show_you(ms) he_made_hard DOM yoke_of_our and_you(ms) now lighten some_of_the_service_of I_will_show_you(ms) (the)_hard and_some_of_his_yoke (the)_heavy which he_put on_us and_we_will_serve_you. (KI1_12:4)
OET-RV: 4 “Your father Shelomoh required us to contribute too much labour. If you’ll lighten the burden on us, then we’ll serve you.” (KI1 12:4)
2 CHR 10:4 contextual word gloss=‘he_made_hard’ word gloss=‘heavy’ OSHB 2 CHR 10:4 word 2
OET-LV: 4 I_will_show_you(ms) he_made_hard DOM yoke_of_our and_now lighten some_of_the_service_of I_will_show_you(ms) (the)_hard and_some_of_his_yoke (the)_heavy which he_put on_us and_we_will_serve_you. (CH2_10:4)
OET-RV: 4 “Your father made us work very hard, but now, lighten the demands that your father made on us, and we’ll serve you.” (CH2 10:4)
JOB 9:4 contextual word gloss=‘has_he_shown_stubbornness’ word gloss=‘resisted’ OSHB JOB 9:4 word 6
OET-LV: 4 Wise_of heart and_strong_of power who has_he_shown_stubbornness to_him/it and_he_has_remained_unharmed. (JOB_9:4)
OET-RV: 4 He’s wise in his thinking and very powerful.
⇔ Who has ever challenged him and succeeded? (JOB 9:4)