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Open English Translation EXO Chapter 13

EXO 13 ©

Readers’ Version

Literal Version

13:1 God owns the first child

13Then Yahweh told Mosheh, 2All firstborn offspring are to be consecrated to me—the first product of every womb, whether human or animal, belongs to me.”[ref]

13and_he/it_spoke YHWH to Mosheh to_saying.
2Consecrate to_me every firstborn [the]_firstborn of_every womb in/on/at/with_sons of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) in/on/at/with_man and_on/over_cattle/livestock to_me it.

13:3 The ‘Flat Bread Celebration’

3Then Mosheh told the people, “Always remember this day, that you went out of Egypt, rescued from slavery, because Yahweh used his power to bring you out from there. And nothing with yeast in it can be eaten when you celebrate this. 4Today you are leaving in the month of Aviv, 5and when Yahweh brings you to the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Hivites, and the Yebusites (which he swore to your fathers to give to you—a land flowing with milk and honey) you must observe this ceremony in this same month. 6You must eat only flat bread for seven days, and then on the seventh day, it will be a festival to honour Yahweh. 7Again, you must only eat flat bread for seven daysnot only that you mustn’t even have any risen bread, nor must you have any yeast within any of your borders. 8On that festival day, you must tell your children, ‘This is because of what Yahweh did for us when we left Egypt.’ 9It’ll be like a reminder written on your hand and a prompt in front of your eyes, so that you’ll remember to pass on Yahweh’s instructions because he used his power to bring you out of Egypt. 10So you must follow those instructions at the appointed time year after year.

3And_he/it_said Mosheh to the_people remember DOM the_day the_this when you_all_went_out from_Miʦrayim out_of_house of_slaves if/because in/on/at/with_strength of_hand he_brought_out YHWH DOM_you_all from_here and_not it_will_be_eaten leaven.
4The_day you_all [are]_about_to_go_out in/on/at/with_month the_abib.
5And_it_was if/because brings_you YHWH into the_land the_Kənaˊₐ and_the_Ḩittiy and_the_ʼAmorī and_the_Ḩiūī and_the_Yəⱱūşī/(Yəⱱūşī/(Jebusite)s) which he_swore to_fathers_your to_give to/for_you(fs) a_land flowing of_milk and_honey and_observe DOM the_ceremony the_this in/on/at/with_month the_this.
6Seven days you_will_eat unleavened_bread(s) and_in/on/at/with_day the_seventh a_festival to/for_YHWH.
7non-fermented_bread(s) it_will_be_eaten DOM the_seven the_days and_not it_will_be_seen to/for_yourself(m) leaven and_not it_will_be_seen to/for_yourself(m) leaven in_all territory_your.
8And_tell to_son_your in_the_day (the)_that to_say in_account_of what he_did YHWH to_me in/on/at/with_came_out_I of_Miʦrayim/(Egypt).
9And_it_was to/for_yourself(m) as_sign on hand_your and_as_reminder between eyes_your so_that it_may_be the_law of_YHWH in/on/at/with_mouth_your if/because in/on/at/with_hand strong brought_out_you YHWH of_Miʦrayim.
10And_keep DOM the_ordinance the_this at_appointed_time_its from_days to_days.

13:11 Offering up the oldest children

11Later, when Yahweh brings you into the land of the Canaanites as he promised to you and your ancestors, and he gives it to you, 12then hand over to Yahweh all oldest children, and all the oldest animal offspring that are yours. The males are for Yahweh.[ref] 13In the case of the oldest donkey foal, you must buy it back by killing a lamb instead of it. If you don’t buy it back, you must kill the donkey by breaking its neck. You must buy back every one of your oldest sons, 14and in the future when your son asks you, ‘What’s that about?’ then you must tell him, ‘We were enslaved in Egypt, but Yahweh used his incredible power to bring us out. 15And so it was that when Far’oh was too stubborn to let us go, then Yahweh struck all of the oldest sons and oldest male animals in Egypt. That’s why we offer all the oldest offspring to Yahweh, and why we need to buy back all our oldest sons.’ 16So you must place a reminder on your hand and hanging on your forehead that Yahweh used his incredible power to bring us out of Egypt.”

11and_it_was if/because brings_you YHWH into the_land the_Kənaˊₐ just_as he_swore to/for_yourself(m) and_to_fathers_your and_gives_it to/for_you(fs).
12And_set_apart every firstborn of_a_womb to_LORD and_all firstborn of_[the]_young of_cattle which it_will_belong to/for_yourself(m) the_males to/for_YHWH.
13And_all firstborn of_a_donkey you_will_redeem in/on/at/with_lamb and_if not you_will_redeem_[it] and_break_neck_its and_all/each/any/every firstborn of_humankind in/on/at/with_sons_your you_will_redeem.
14And_it_was if/because asks_you son_your in_future_time to_say what [is]_this and_say to_him/it in/on/at/with_strength of_hand brought_out_us YHWH from_Miʦrayim from_house of_slaves.
15And_he/it_was if/because he_made_stubborn Farˊoh to_let_go_us and_killed YHWH every firstborn in_land of_Miʦrayim from_firstborn of_humankind and_unto [the]_firstborn of_livestock on/upon/above/on_account_of//he/it_went_in yes/correct/thus/so I [am]_sacrificing to/for_YHWH every firstborn of_a_womb the_males and_all (the)_firstborn sons_my I_redeem.
16And_it_was as_sign on hand_your and_as_symbol between eyes_your if/because in/on/at/with_strength of_hand brought_out_us YHWH of_Miʦrayim/(Egypt).

13:17 Led by cloud and fire

17When Far’oh released the people, God didn’t lead them through the land of the Philistines, although that way was shorter, because he said, “It’s best if the people don’t have to face war immediately, or they might change their minds and then want to return to Egypt.” 18So God caused the people to take the path going towards the wilderness and the Red Sea.[fn] The Israeli left Egypt in formation as if ready for battle.

19Mosheh ensured that the bones of Yosef were taken with them, because many years back Yosef had made the Israelis vow, saying, “God will certainly take notice of you all, and you must take my bones up with you from here.”[ref]

20The people travelled on from Succoth and camped at Etham on the edge of the wilderness. 21During the day, Yahweh went ahead of them in a pillar of cloud to lead them on the way, and at nighttime, he went in a pillar of fire to be light to them, so they could travel both in the daytime and at night. 22The daytime pillar of cloud and the nighttime pillar of fire didn’t ever leave their place in front of the people.


13:18 Probably towards the Gulf of Suez: see https://armstronginstitute.org/339-where-did-the-red-sea-crossing-take-place.


17and_he/it_was in/on/at/with_let_go Farˊoh DOM the_people and_not lead_them god the_way of_the_land of_[the]_Fəlishəttiy if/because [was]_near it if/because he_said god lest it_should_regret the_people in/on/at/with_face_they battle and_return towards_Miʦrayim.
18And_led_around god DOM the_people the_way the_wilderness [the]_sea of_reed[s] and_prepared_for_battle they_went_up the_people of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) out_of_land of_Miʦrayim.
19And_he/it_took Mosheh DOM the_bones of_Yōşēf/(Joseph) with_him/it if/because solemnly_(make_swear) he_had_made_swear DOM the_people of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) to_say surely_(visit) he_will_visit god DOM_you_all and_carry DOM bones_my from_here with_you_all.
20And_set_out from_Şukkōt and_camped in/on/at/with_Etham in/on/at/with_edge the_wilderness.
21And_YHWH [was]_going in_front_them by_day in/on/at/with_pillar of_cloud to_lead_them the_way and_night in/on/at/with_pillar of_fire to_give_light to/for_them to_go by_day and_night.
22Not it_departed the_pillar the_cloud by_day and_pillar the_fire night to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before the_people.

BMMBibleMapper.com Maps:

Map

Map

The Route of the Exodus

Exodus 13-19; Numbers 33

Like several other events recorded in Scripture, the Bible’s account of the Israelites’ journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai includes an abundance of geographical references, yet it remains one of the most hotly debated topics among scholars, and numerous theories have been offered. The vast majority of geographical references provided in the story are disputed, including the place where the Israelites crossed the Red Sea, the location of Mount Sinai (see Proposed Locations for Mount Sinai map), and the various stops along the Israelites’ journey. A few locations have been established with some degree of scholarly consensus, but even these are not without opposing viewpoints. Amidst this incredible diversity of opinion, however, a single verse provides one of the most helpful clues for weighing the merits of one viewpoint over another: “By the way of Mount Seir it takes eleven days to reach Kadesh-barnea from Horeb” (Deuteronomy 1:2). For those who assume the Bible’s account to be trustworthy, this verse appears to require the following for any theory to be considered viable: 1) Kadesh-barnea and Mount Sinai must have been located at a distance from each other that could reasonably have been expected to take eleven days for an entire nation of people with small children, flocks, equipment, and perhaps even elderly members to travel on foot; and 2) the pace established by this distance over eleven days should most likely be considered the typical pace for the Israelites as they traveled from place to place along the other parts of the journey. This two-pronged test clearly strains many of the theories put forth to this point, especially when one factors in the time references given for the start of the journey (Exodus 12:6; Numbers 33:3), the middle of the journey (Exodus 16:1; Numbers 33:8), and the end of the journey (Exodus 19:1). In short, the journey from Rameses to the Wilderness of Sin took 31 days, since it included the 15th day of the second month, and the rest of the journey took another 16 days, assuming they arrived at Mount Sinai on the 15th day (not the first day, etc.) of the third month. Along with these criteria, a theory’s overall congruence with other established geographical and archeological data should bolster its credibility over other proposals. Another consideration is the extreme similarity between the events at Rephidim (Exodus 17) and the events at Kadesh-barnea (Numbers 20:1-13; 27:12-14; Deuteronomy 32:51; Ezekiel 47:19; 48:28), raising the question of whether Rephidim (meaning “resting places”) is in fact Kadesh-barnea. With these things in mind, the map below proposes a route for the exodus that meets virtually all of these criteria. A careful analysis and explanation of all the elements of the map is far beyond the scope of this article, but a few key points should be noted. The term Red Sea, in addition to referring to what we now regard it, must have also applied to the interconnected lakes and marshlands that lay along what is now the Suez Canal. Also, the portion of the journey that passed through the wilderness for three days without water (Exodus 15:22; Numbers 33:8) may have been comprised of a partial first day, a full second day, and a partial third day, much like Jesus’ time in the tomb is reckoned as three days in Matthew 12:40. Most notably, Mount Sinai is placed on this map at Gebel Khashm et-Tarif, which is appropriately located near, but not in, Midian (Exodus 3:1; 18:5; Numbers 10:29-30). It is also located 89 miles from Kadesh-barnea (assuming Kadesh is at Tall al-Quderat), which establishes a reasonable pace of 7.6 miles (12.2 km) per day to travel between them in 11 days. This lines up well with several known sources of water along that route (e.g., `Ain Qedeis [Hazar-addar?], Tamilat Suwelima [Hor-haggiggad?], and the spring at Kuntillet al-Girafi [unknown ancient identification]). This general pace then synchronizes very well with the timetable and distances required by this map for the other parts of the journey. The distance from Rameses to the Wilderness of Sin (where it is located here) could be completed in under 26 days, leaving an acceptable buffer of about 5 days for the parting of the Red Sea and perhaps a slower pace through the Wilderness of Shur/Etham. The entire journey took about 60 days, and the journey from the Wilderness of Sin to Mount Sinai took about 29 days. This leaves an acceptable buffer of time to complete the rest of the journey (about 16 days of travel) with a very adequate two weeks of extra time for Jethro to visit Moses and the Israelites to do battle with the Amalekites (Exodus 17-18). It should be noted that this timetable generally assumes (but does not necessarily require) that travel continued on sabbath days, but Scripture does not make clear whether travel was prohibited as work prior to the giving of the law at Mount Sinai.

EXO 13 ©

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