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unfoldingWord Hebrew Grammar ⌂ ©

Verb Cohortative

Summary

The cohortative form is used to express indirect commands and other similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by the context.

Article

The Cohortative form looks very similar to the Imperfect but functions in a sentence more like an Imperative. Cohortative verbs appear only in first person forms. (Similarly, imperatives appear only in second person forms, and Jussive usually appear in third person forms.) A Cohortative verb does not carry the full force of a command ("We must do this!"), but it conveys a stronger meaning than a simple suggestion or statement of possibilty ("We could do this."). The meaning is somewhere in the middle. In English, a Cohortative is often translated with a helping verb such as "let" or "want" or "will," depending on the context ("Let us do this!" or "I want to do this!"). Thus, the Cohortative verb functions as an indirect command; the reader must examine the context to determine the strength of desirability being expressed in each specific instance.

Form

Cohortative Paradigm
Parsing Hebrew Transliteration Gloss
Qal singular אֶקְטֹלָה 'eqtolah let me kill
Qal plural נִקְטֹהלָה niqtohlah let us kill
Niphal singular אֶקָּטֵלָה 'eqqatelah let me be killed
Niphal plural נִקָּטֵלָה niqqatelah let us be killed
Hiphil singular אַקְטִילָה 'aqtilah let me cause to kill
Hiphil plural נַקְטִילָה naqtilah let us cause to kill
Piel singular אֲקַטֵּלָה 'eqattelah let me slaughter
Piel plural נְקַטֵּלָה niqattelah let us slaughter
Hithpael singular אֶתְקַטֵּלָה 'ethqattelah let me kill myself
Hithpael plural נִתְקַטֵּלָה nithqattelah let us kill ourselves

Function

The Cohortative form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions:

Indirect commands

Example: ISA 2:5
בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ וְנֵלְכָ֖ה בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה
beth ya'aqov lekhu wenelekhah be'or yehwah
House-of Jacob come and-let-us-walk in-light-of Yahweh.
House of Jacob, come, and let us walk in the light of Yahweh.

OET comparison: ISA 2:5: RV ISA 2:5 · LV ISA 2:5 · Read together ISA 2:5

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OET-RV ISA 2:5

 ⇔  5 You descendants of Ya’akov (Jacob),
 ⇔ come and walk in Yahweh’s light.

Word details: וְ,נֵלְכָ֖ה · ׃

Actions of greater or lesser desirability

These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations, assurances, wishes, etc.

Example: JER 40:15
אֵ֤לְכָה נָּא֙ וְאַכֶּה֙ אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה
'elekhah na' we'akkeh 'eth-yishma'el ben-nethanyah
Let-me-go oh and-I-will-kill [dir.obj]_Ishmael son-of_Nethaniah
Allow me to go kill Ishmael son of Nethaniah.

OET comparison: JER 40:15: RV JER 40:15 · LV JER 40:15 · Read together JER 40:15

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OET-RV JER 40:15

15 so Kareah’s son Yohanan spoke privately to Gedalyah at Mitspah, “Allow me to go and kill Netanyah’s Yishmael. No one will suspect me. Why should he kill you? Why allow all of Yehudah (Judah) that has been gathered to you to be scattered and the remnant destroyed?”
Example: EXO 3:3
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אָסֻֽרָה־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה
wayyomer mosheh 'asurah-nna we'er'eh
And-he-said Moses let-me-turn-aside_oh and-let-me-see
Moses said, "I will turn aside and see"

OET comparison: EXO 3:3: RV EXO 3:3 · LV EXO 3:3 · Read together EXO 3:3

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OET-RV EXO 3:3

3 “I’ve got to go and see this amazing sight,” Mosheh said to himself. “How come that bush isn’t burning up?”

Word details: אָסֻֽרָה

Example: PSA 25:2
אֱלֹהַ֗י בְּךָ֣ בָ֭טַחְתִּי אַל־אֵב֑וֹשָׁה
'elohay bekha vatahti 'al-'evoshah
My-God in-you I-trust not_let-me-be-ashamed
My God, I trust in you. Do not let me be humiliated

OET comparison: PSA 25:2: RV PSA 25:2 · LV PSA 25:2 · Read together PSA 25:2

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OET-RV PSA 25:2

2 My god, I trust in you.
 ⇔ Don’t let me be humiliated.
 ⇔ ≈ Don’t let my enemies defeat me and then celebrate.