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Wycliffe Bible (middle-English, 1382).
Public Domain.
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The entire English-speaking world is indebted to John Wycliffe for his brave work to make the Bible available in the language of the common people at a time when most priests insisted that the Bible was only valid in Latin.
The first complete English Bible emerged in the late fourteenth century among followers of the Oxford theologian John Wycliffe. It rendered the Latin Vulgate into Middle English, making the whole Bible accessible beyond readers of Latin. The translators’ identities and Wycliffe’s personal contribution remain uncertain; an earlier, closely literal version was followed by a more fluent revision. These Bibles circulated as handwritten manuscripts before printing reached England, and many copies survive despite later restrictions on unauthorised English translations. See Elizabeth Solopova’s introduction to the Wycliffite manuscripts.
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