OET interlinear 1TIM 4:1

uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases

δὲ

but

Here, the word Now introduces the next topic that Paul wishes to write about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave Now untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / extrainfo

τὸ & Πνεῦμα ῥητῶς λέγει

the & Spirit expressly /is/_speaking

Here Paul does not indicate when or where the Spirit says these things. He could be referring to prophecies in the Old Testament, prophecies that were given more recently by Christian prophets, or things that the the Spirit was revealing to him. Since it is not clear where and when the Spirit speaks, if possible use a general phrase here. Alternate translation: “the Spirit has spoken specifically” or “the Spirit is indicating specifically”

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / idiom

ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς

in later times

Here, the phrase later times could refer to: (1) the last days in general, the period between Jesus’ resurrection and second coming. Alternate translation: “in the last days” or “near the end of this current period of time” (2) sometime later than when the Spirit spoke. Alternate translation: “later on” or “sometime later”

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἀποστήσονταί & τῆς πίστεως

/will_be/_withdrawing & ˱from˲_the faith

Here Paul speaks of rejecting or failing to persist in the faith as if it were falling away from a location where the faith was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “turn away from the faith” or “will reject the faith”

Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

τῆς πίστεως

˱from˲_the faith

Here, the word faith could refer to: (1) the act of having faith in Jesus. Alternate translation: “the faith that they have” (2) what people believe about Jesus when they have faith in him. Alternate translation: “what Christians believe”

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns

τῆς πίστεως

˱from˲_the faith

If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of faith, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “believing in Jesus”

Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

προσέχοντες

giving_heed

Here, the phrase paying attention to could introduce: (1) a further description of what these people do. Alternate translation: “and they will pay attention to” (2) the reason why these people fall away. Alternate translation: “which they will do because they pay attention to” (3) the means by which these people fall away. Alternate translation: “which they will do by paying attention to”

Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit

πνεύμασι πλάνοις

˱to˲_spirits deceitful

Here, the phrase deceiving spirits refers to evil spiritual beings who deceive people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “deceptive devils” or “evil spirits who deceive”

Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / possession

διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων

teachings ˱of˲_demons

Here Paul is using the possessive form to describe teachings that come from demons. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “teachings from demons”