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UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament

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σκληρός

Strong’s: G4642

Associated OET lemmas: σκληρός

Form 1

Part of speech: adjc.

Inflections: σκληρός; -ά, -όν

Related lemmas: σκληρύνω

Sense 1: harsh, strong, violent

Semantic entry: 20.3

Semantic domains: Violence, Harm, Destroy, Kill

Subdomains: Violence

Definition: pertaining to being harsh and violent

Notes: For another interpretation of σκληρός in RV JAM 3:4 · LV JAM 3:4 · Read together JAM 3:4, see 76.15: σκληρός.

JAM 3:4: RV JAM 3:4 · LV JAM 3:4 · Read together JAM 3:4

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OET-RV JAM 3:4

4 Similarly, even huge ships that are being driven on by strong winds are controlled by a small rudder and can be steered wherever the captain desires.

OET-LV JAM 3:4

4 Behold, also the ships, so_great being, and by winds hard being_driven, is_being_directed by the_least rudder, wherever the impulse of_the one straightening is_wishing.

Sense 2: strong, powerful

Semantic entry: 76.15

Semantic domains: Power, Force

Definition: pertaining to being powerful or strong

Notes: For another interpretation of σκληρός in RV JAM 3:4 · LV JAM 3:4 · Read together JAM 3:4, see 20.3: σκληρός.

JAM 3:4: RV JAM 3:4 · LV JAM 3:4 · Read together JAM 3:4

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OET-RV JAM 3:4

4 Similarly, even huge ships that are being driven on by strong winds are controlled by a small rudder and can be steered wherever the captain desires.

OET-LV JAM 3:4

4 Behold, also the ships, so_great being, and by winds hard being_driven, is_being_directed by the_least rudder, wherever the impulse of_the one straightening is_wishing.

Sense 3: harsh, cruel

Semantic entry: 88.135

Semantic domains: Moral and Ethical Qualities and Related Behavior

Subdomains: Act Harshly

Definition: pertaining to being harsh or possibly cruel in one’s behavior

Notes: In a number of languages σκληρός in RV JDE 1:15 · LV JDE 1:15 · Read together JDE 1:15 may be translated as ‘words that cause pain’ or idiomatically as ‘words that are like daggers.’

JDE 1:15: RV JDE 1:15 · LV JDE 1:15 · Read together JDE 1:15

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OET-RV JDE 1:15

15 to sentence everybody and to punish everyone who rejected God for everything they did that demonstrated this rejection and everything they said against him.”

OET-LV JDE 1:15

15 to_execute judgement against all, and to_rebuke all the ungodly concerning all their works of_ungodliness of_them, which they_acted_ungodly, and concerning all the hard things, of_which ungodly sinners spoke against him.

Sense 4: hard, severe, demanding

Semantic entry: 88.136

Semantic domains: Moral and Ethical Qualities and Related Behavior

Subdomains: Act Harshly

Definition: pertaining to being hard and demanding in one’s behavior

MAT 25:24: RV MAT 25:24 · LV MAT 25:24 · Read together MAT 25:24

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OET-RV MAT 25:24

24 Then the slave with one bag of silver also approached, and he said, ‘Master, I knew that you’re a hard man, harvesting where you didn’t plant, and gathering where you didn’t spread seed.

OET-LV MAT 25:24

24 And the one having_received with_the one talanton_of_silver, having_ also _approached said:
Master, I_knew you, that you_are a_hard, man, reaping where you_ not _sowed, and gathering_together whence you_ not _scattered.

JHN 6:60: RV JHN 6:60 · LV JHN 6:60 · Read together JHN 6:60

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OET-RV JHN 6:60

60 But even many of his followers who heard it said, “That’s a difficult teaching—it’s too hard to take.”

OET-LV JHN 6:60

60 Therefore many of the apprentices/followers having_heard of_him said, this the message is hard, who is_able to_be_hearing of_it?
All 3 recorded passages for this sense

MAT: RV MAT 25:24 · LV MAT 25:24 · Read together MAT 25:24

JHN: RV JHN 6:60 · LV JHN 6:60 · Read together JHN 6:60

ACT: RV ACT 26:14 · LV ACT 26:14 · Read together ACT 26:14