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Tyndale Open Bible Dictionary

Intro ← Index → ©

JESSE*, Root of

Figure of speech used by Isaiah (Is 11:10 (RV · LV · Read together)) to express the hope of a messianic king from the line of David. The “root” of a family is its progenitor. Jesse, David’s father, is listed as an ancestor of the Messiah (Is 11:1, 10 (RV ISA 11:1 · RV ISA 11:10 · LV ISA 11:1 · LV ISA 11:10 · Read together ISA 11:1 · Read together ISA 11:10); Mt 1:5-6 (RV · LV · Read together); Lk 3:32 (RV · LV · Read together); Acts 13:22-23 (RV · LV · Read together)). Isaiah pictures God’s judgment upon Assyria as the cutting down of a forest (Is 10:33-34 (RV · LV · Read together)); Judah likewise will be felled and the proud tree of David’s sovereignty hewn down, but a remnant will remain, described by Isaiah as a shoot from a stump (6:13 (RV · LV · Read together)). The messianic shoot will come forth from the stump of Jesse as a branch from his roots. The Spirit of the Lord will rest upon this one who stands as an ensign to the people, so that the nations will seek him in the glory of his dwelling place (Is 11:1-10 (RV · LV · Read together); see Is 53:2 (RV · LV · Read together); Jer 23:5 (RV · LV · Read together); 33:15 (RV · LV · Read together); Ez 17:22-23 (RV · LV · Read together); Zec 3:8 (RV · LV · Read together); 6:12 (RV · LV · Read together)).

ISA 11:10: RV ISA 11:10 · LV ISA 11:10 · Read together ISA 11:10

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OET-RV ISA 11:10

10 Then on that day, Yishay’s (Jesse) root will stand as a signal to the peoples. Nations will search for him, and his residence will be wonderful.

OET-LV ISA 11:10

10 And_it_was in_the_day (the)_that the_root_of Yishay/(Jesse) who will_be_standing for_a_standard_of peoples to_him/it nations they_will_seek and_it_will_be place_of_his_resting glory.

ISA 11:1; ISA 11:10: RV ISA 11:1 · RV ISA 11:10 · LV ISA 11:1 · LV ISA 11:10 · Read together ISA 11:1 · Read together ISA 11:10

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OET-RV ISA 11:1

11 Then a shoot will come out from the stump of Yishay (Jesse),
 ⇔ and a branch from his roots will grow to produce fruit.

OET-RV ISA 11:10

10 Then on that day, Yishay’s (Jesse) root will stand as a signal to the peoples. Nations will search for him, and his residence will be wonderful.

OET-LV ISA 11:1

11 And_ a_branch _it_will_go_forth from_the_rootstock_of Yishay/(Jesse) and_a_shoot from_roots_of_his it_will_bear_fruit.

OET-LV ISA 11:10

10 And_it_was in_the_day (the)_that the_root_of Yishay/(Jesse) who will_be_standing for_a_standard_of peoples to_him/it nations they_will_seek and_it_will_be place_of_his_resting glory.

MAT 1:5–6: RV MAT 1:5–6 · LV MAT 1:5–6 · Read together MAT 1:5–6

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OET-RV MAT 1:5

5 Salmon the father of Boaz (Grk. Boes/Boos) through Rahav, Boaz the father of Oved (Grk. Yobed/Yobel) through Ruth, and Oved the father of Yishay (Jesse; Grk. Yessai),

OET-RV MAT 1:6

6 and Yishay the father of David the king.
 ¶ David was the father of Shelomoh (Solomon; Grk. Solomon/Salomon) through Uriyah’s (Grk. Urias) wife,

OET-LV MAT 1:5

5 and Salmōn bore the Boʼoz/(Boˊaz) of the Ɽaⱪab/(Rāḩāⱱ), and Boʼoz bore the Yōbaʸd/Ōbaʸd/(ˊŌⱱēd) of the Ɽouth/(Rūt), and Yōbaʸd bore the Yessai/(Yishay),

OET-LV MAT 1:6

6 and Yessai bore the Dawid the king.
And Dawid bore the Solomōn/(Shəlmoh) of the wife of_ the _Ourias/(ʼŪriyyāh),

LUK 3:32: RV LUK 3:32 · LV LUK 3:32 · Read together LUK 3:32

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OET-RV LUK 3:32

32 the son of Yishay (Jesse), the son of Oved, the son of Boaz, the son of Salmon, the son of Nahshon,

OET-LV LUK 3:32

32 the son of_Yessai/(Yishay), the son of_Yōbaʸd/Ōbaʸd/(ˊŌⱱēd), the son of_Boʼoz/(Boˊaz), the son of_Sala/(Shelaḩ), the son of_Naʼassōn/(Naḩshōn),

ACT 13:22–23: RV ACT 13:22–23 · LV ACT 13:22–23 · Read together ACT 13:22–23

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OET-RV ACT 13:22

22 After Sha’ul was removed, God chose David to be their king—the man of whom he said, ‘I found David the son of Yishay (Jesse), a man who wants to obey me and do everything I ask.’

OET-RV ACT 13:23

23 Then eventually a descendant of David arrived in Yisrael as promised—the saviour Yeshua (Jesus; Grk. Yesus).

OET-LV ACT 13:22

22 And having_removed him, he_raised the Dawid/(Dāvid) to_them for a_king, to_whom also he_spoke having_testified:
I_found Dawid the son of_ the _Yessai/(Yishay):
a_man according_to the heart of_me, who will_be_doing all the wills of_me.

OET-LV ACT 13:23

23 Of the seed of_this one the god according_to promise, brought to_ the _Israaʸl/(Yisrāʼēl) a_saviour, Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa),

ISA 10:33–34: RV ISA 10:33–34 · LV ISA 10:33–34 · Read together ISA 10:33–34

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OET-RV ISA 10:33

 ⇔  33 Listen, my master, Commander-in-chief Yahweh will cut off the branches with a crash,
 ⇔ and the tallest of the tall will be cut down,
 ⇔ ≈ and the high and mighty will be brought low.

OET-RV ISA 10:34

34 He’ll chop down the thickets in the forest with an axe,
 ⇔ → and Levanon will be felled by the mighty one.

OET-LV ISA 10:33

33 THERE the_master YHWH soldiers/messengers is_about_to_lop_off bough[s] with_a_crash and_the_exalted_ones_of (the)_height will_be_cut_down and_the_tall_ones they_will_become_low.

OET-LV ISA 10:34

34 And_he_will_cut_down the_thickets_of the_forest with_(the)_axe and_the_(the)_Ləⱱānōn by_a_mighty_one it_will_fall.

ISA 6:13: RV ISA 6:13 · LV ISA 6:13 · Read together ISA 6:13

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OET-RV ISA 6:13

13 If there’s still a tenth of the people in it,
 ⇔ → then disaster will turn back and burn everything.
 ⇔ Like an elm or an oak tree that’s been cut down but still has a stump—
 ⇔ → so too the sacred remnant is the nation’s stump.”

OET-LV ISA 6:13

13 And_still will_be_in_it a_tenth_part and_it_will_return and_it_will_become (into)_burning like_terebinth and_like_oak which in_the_felling a_stump is_in_them will_be_offspring_of holiness stump_of_its.

ISA 11:1–10: RV ISA 11:1–10 · LV ISA 11:1–10 · Read together ISA 11:1–10

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OET-RV ISA 11:1

11 Then a shoot will come out from the stump of Yishay (Jesse),
 ⇔ and a branch from his roots will grow to produce fruit.

OET-RV ISA 11:2

2 Yahweh’s spirit will be with him—
 ⇔ a spirit of wisdom and understanding,
 ⇔ a spirit of good advice and strength,
 ⇔ a spirit of knowledge and striving to obey Yahweh.

OET-RV ISA 11:3

3 ≈ He’ll be happy to respect and honour Yahweh.
 ⇔ He won’t judge just by what can be seen,
 ⇔ ≈ or make decisions just from what can be heard,

OET-RV ISA 11:4

4 but he’ll judge the ordinary people with justice
 ⇔ ≈ and decide fairly for the poor in the world.
 ⇔ He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth,
 ⇔ ≈ and with the breath of his lips, he’ll execute the wicked.

OET-RV ISA 11:5

5 His waistbelt will be doing what’s right,
 ⇔ ≈ and the strap for his hips will be faithfulness.

OET-RV ISA 11:6

 ⇔  6 At that time. the wolf will live with the lamb,
 ⇔ ≈ the leopard will lie down with the young goat,
 ⇔ ≈ and the cow and the young lion and the calf,
 ⇔ → all there together, and a little child will lead them.

OET-RV ISA 11:7

7 The cow and the bear will graze together.
 ⇔ Their young will lie down together,
 ⇔ and the lion will eat straw like the ox.

OET-RV ISA 11:8

8 A child will play over the cobra’s hole,
 ⇔ ≈ and the toddler will stretch his hand over the viper’s nest.

OET-RV ISA 11:9

9 There’ll be no more pain or destruction on all my sacred mountain,
 ⇔ because the world will be full of knowledge about Yahweh,
 ⇔ just as the waters cover the sea.

OET-RV ISA 11:10

10 Then on that day, Yishay’s (Jesse) root will stand as a signal to the peoples. Nations will search for him, and his residence will be wonderful.

OET-LV ISA 11:1

11 And_ a_branch _it_will_go_forth from_the_rootstock_of Yishay/(Jesse) and_a_shoot from_roots_of_his it_will_bear_fruit.

OET-LV ISA 11:2

2 And_it_will_rest on/upon/above_him/it the_spirit_of YHWH a_spirit_of wisdom and_understanding a_spirit_of counsel and_strength a_spirit_of knowledge and_the_fear_of YHWH.

OET-LV ISA 11:3

3 And_delighting_his will_be_in_the_fear_of YHWH and_not to_the_sight_of his_eyes_of_his he_will_judge and_not to_the_hearing_of his_ears_of_his he_will_decide.

OET-LV ISA 11:4

4 And_he_will_judge with_righteousness poor_people and_he_will_decide with_uprightness for_the_humble_people_of the_earth and_he_will_strike the_earth with_the_rod_of his_mouth_of_his and_with_the_breath_of his_lips_of_his he_will_put_to_death the_wicked.

OET-LV ISA 11:5

5 And_it_was righteousness the_loincloth_of his_hips_of_his and_(the)_faithfulness the_loincloth_of his_loins_of_his.

OET-LV ISA 11:6

6 And_ wolf _it_will_sojourn with lamb and_leopard with kid it_will_lie_down and_calf and_young_lion and_fatling together and_a_child small will_be_leading (in)_them.

OET-LV ISA 11:7

7 And_cow and_female_bear they_will_graze together young_of_their they_will_lie_down and_the_lion like_ox it_will_eat straw.

OET-LV ISA 11:8

8 And_ a_sucking_child _he_will_play over the_hole_of a_cobra and_over the_nest_of a_viper a_weaned_child his/its_hand he_will_put_out.

OET-LV ISA 11:9

9 Not they_will_do_harm and_not they_will_destroy in_all the_mountain_of my_holiness_of_my if/because the_earth/land it_will_be_full knowledge DOM YHWH like_waters (to)_sea which_cover.

OET-LV ISA 11:10

10 And_it_was in_the_day (the)_that the_root_of Yishay/(Jesse) who will_be_standing for_a_standard_of peoples to_him/it nations they_will_seek and_it_will_be place_of_his_resting glory.

ISA 53:2: RV ISA 53:2 · LV ISA 53:2 · Read together ISA 53:2

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OET-RV ISA 53:2

2 He grew in front of him like a young plant,
 ⇔ ≈ and like a root out of the dry ground.
 ⇔ He had no fancy form or splendour to look at,
 ⇔ ≈ and his appearance didn’t attract us to him.

OET-LV ISA 53:2

2 And_he/it_ascended like_shoot before_him and_like_root from_ground_of dryness not form to_him/it and_not splendour and_we_will_look_at_him and_not appearance and_we_will_desire_him.

JER 23:5: RV JER 23:5 · LV JER 23:5 · Read together JER 23:5

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OET-RV JER 23:5

5 Listen, Yahweh declares that the time is coming
 ⇔ when I will appoint a righteous branch for David
 ⇔ and he will reign wisely as king
 ⇔ and will administer justice and righteousness in the land.

OET-LV JER 23:5

5 HERE days are_coming the_utterance_of YHWH and_I_will_raise_up for_Dāvid a_branch righteous and_he_will_reign a_king and_he_will_act_prudently and_he_will_do justice and_righteousness on_the_earth.

JER 33:15: RV JER 33:15 · LV JER 33:15 · Read together JER 33:15

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OET-RV JER 33:15

15 In those days and at that time, I’ll make a righteous branch grow for David, and he’ll do what’s fair and right throughout the land.

OET-LV JER 33:15

15 In_the_days the_those and_at_time (the)_that I_will_cause_to_sprout for_Dāvid a_branch_of righteousness and_he_will_do justice and_righteousness on_the_earth.

EZE 17:22–23: RV EZE 17:22–23 · LV EZE 17:22–23 · Read together EZE 17:22–23

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OET-RV EZE 17:22

22 The master Yahweh says this, ‘So I myself will take away the highest part of the cedar tree, and I’ll plant it away from its tender branches. I’ll break it off, and I myself will plant it on a very high mountain.

OET-RV EZE 17:23

23 I’ll plant it on Yisrael’s (Israel) highest mountain so it’ll grow branches and produce fruit, and it’ll become a majestic cedar so that every winged bird will live under it. They’ll nest in the shade of its branches,

OET-LV EZE 17:22

22 Thus my_master YHWH he_says and_ I _I_will_take from_the_treetop_of the_cedar (the)_high and_I_will_place_it from_the_top_of its_young_shoots_of_his a_tender_shoot I_will_pluck_off and_ I _I_will_plant_it on a_mountain high and_lofty.

OET-LV EZE 17:23

23 On_the_mountain_of the_height_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) I_will_plant_it and_it_will_bear branch[es] and_it_will_produce fruit and_it_was (into)_a_cedar majestic and_they_will_dwell under_it every_of bird of_every_of wing in_the_shadow_of its_branches_of_his they_will_dwell.

ZEC 3:8: RV ZEC 3:8 · LV ZEC 3:8 · Read together ZEC 3:8

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OET-RV ZEC 3:8

8 Please listen, Yehoshua the high priest, as well as your companions sitting in front of you. Those these men are a sign, because I myself will bring out my servant ‘the branch’.

OET-LV ZEC 3:8

8 Hear please Oh_Yəhōshūˊa/(Joshua) the_priest/officer (the)_great you and_companions_of_your who_sit to_your_face if/because are_men_of sign they if/because HERE_I am_about_to_bring DOM servant_of_my branch.

ZEC 6:12: RV ZEC 6:12 · LV ZEC 6:12 · Read together ZEC 6:12

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OET-RV ZEC 6:12

12 and tell him, ‘Commander-in-chief Yahweh says:
 § Look, a man whose name is ‘Branch’ will grow from his place, and he will build Yahweh’s temple.

OET-LV ZEC 6:12

12 And_you_will_say to_him/it to_say thus YHWH soldiers/messengers he_says to_say THERE a_man is_Branch his/its_name and_from_under_him he_will_sprout and_he_will_build DOM the_temple_of YHWH.

The apostle Paul, quoting Isaiah’s prophecy, identified Jesus as “the root of Jesse” in whom the Gentiles hope (Rom 15:12 (RV · LV · Read together)). Christ is not only “a shoot from the stump of Jesse” (Is 11:1 (RV · LV · Read together)) but is himself the “root of Jesse” (Is 11:10 (RV · LV · Read together); Rom 15:12 (RV · LV · Read together); see Rv 5:5 (RV · LV · Read together); 22:16 (RV · LV · Read together), “root of David”). This means that Jesus not only came from Jesse’s line but that Jesse (and David) came from Jesus. In other words, the image points to Jesus’ divinity. While Jesus was the son of David, Jesus was also David’s “Lord.” This is the point Jesus made in his debate with the religious leaders of his day who recognized only that the Messiah was a human descendant of David. Matthew 22:42-45 (RV · LV · Read together) reads: “ ‘What do you think about the Messiah? Whose son is he?’ They replied, ‘He is the son of David.’ Jesus responded, ‘Then why does David, speaking under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, call him Lord? For David said, “The Lord said to my Lord, sit in honor at my right hand until I humble your enemies beneath your feet.” Since David called him Lord, how can he be his son at the same time?’ ”

ROM 15:12: RV ROM 15:12 · LV ROM 15:12 · Read together ROM 15:12

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OET-RV ROM 15:12

12 Also Yeshayah (Isaiah) wrote:
 ⇔ ‘There will be a descendant of Yishay (Jesse),
 ⇔ and the one coming to rule over non-Jews—
 ⇔ the non-Jews will put their hope in him.’

OET-LV ROM 15:12

12 And furthermore Aʸsaias/(Yəshaˊyāh) is_saying:
There_will_be the root of_ the _Yessai/(Yishay), and the one rising_up to_be_ruling over_the_pagans, in him the_pagans will_be_hoping.

ISA 11:1: RV ISA 11:1 · LV ISA 11:1 · Read together ISA 11:1

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OET-RV ISA 11:1

11 Then a shoot will come out from the stump of Yishay (Jesse),
 ⇔ and a branch from his roots will grow to produce fruit.

OET-LV ISA 11:1

11 And_ a_branch _it_will_go_forth from_the_rootstock_of Yishay/(Jesse) and_a_shoot from_roots_of_his it_will_bear_fruit.

REV 5:5: RV REV 5:5 · LV REV 5:5 · Read together REV 5:5

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OET-RV REV 5:5

5 Then one of the elders said to me, “Stop crying. Look, here’s the lion from the tribe of Yehudah (Judah). He’s the descendant of King David who’s a conqueror who’s competent to break the seals and open the scroll.”

OET-LV REV 5:5

5 And one of the elders is_saying to_me:
Not be_weeping.
Behold, overcame the lion which of the tribe of_Youda/(Yəhūdāh), the root of_Dawid/(Dāvid), to_open_up the scroll, and the seven seals of_it.

REV 22:16: RV REV 22:16 · LV REV 22:16 · Read together REV 22:16

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OET-RV REV 22:16

16 “I, Yeshua, have sent my messenger to explain these things to you concerning the churches. I am both David’s source and his descendant—the bright morning star.”

OET-LV REV 22:16

16 I, Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa), sent the messenger of_me, to_testify to_you_all these things in the assemblies.
I am the root and the descent of_Dawid/(Dāvid), the star the shining, the morning.

MAT 22:42–45: RV MAT 22:42–45 · LV MAT 22:42–45 · Read together MAT 22:42–45

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OET-RV MAT 22:42

42 “How do you interpret the scriptures about the messiah? Who will he be a descendant of?”
 ¶ “A descendant of King David,” they answered.

OET-RV MAT 22:43

43 “Then how could David,” he continued, “inspired by God’s spirit, call him ‘master’ when he said,

OET-RV MAT 22:44

44 ‘Yahweh said to my master:
 ⇔ “Sit there at my right
 ⇔ until I conquer your enemies”?

OET-RV MAT 22:45

45 So if David calls him ‘master’, how could he be his descendant?”

OET-LV MAT 22:42

42 saying:
What is_supposing to_you_all concerning the chosen_one/messiah?
Of_whom son is_he?
They_are_saying to_him:
Of_the son of_Dawid/(Dāvid).

OET-LV MAT 22:43

43 He_is_saying to_them:
Therefore how is_ Dawid in spirit _calling him master saying,

OET-LV MAT 22:44

44 The_master said to_the master of_me:
Be_sitting on the_right of_me, until wishfully I_may_put the enemies of_you beneath for_the feet of_you?

OET-LV MAT 22:45

45 Therefore if Dawid is_calling him:
master, how is_he the_son of_him?

See also Christology; David; Genealogy of Jesus Christ; Jesse (Person); Jesus Christ, Teachings of.