REV 22:16 Parallel Verse View

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULT I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify these things to you concerning the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star.”

UST I, Jesus, sent my angel to announce these things that will affect you groups of believers. Mysteriously, I am both the ancestor of King David and his descendant whom the prophets promised would come. I am the one who is like the bright morning star.”

BLB "I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to all of you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star."

AICNT “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you these things for the churches. I am the root[fn] and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.”

22:16, root: Can also mean “shoot” (cf. Isaiah 11:1).

OEB ¶ “I, Jesus, sent my angel to bear testimony to you about these things before the churches. I am the Scion and the Offspring of David, the bright star of the Morning.”

WEBBE I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify these things to you for the assemblies. I am the root and the offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star.”

WMBB I, Yeshua, have sent my angel to testify these things to you for the assemblies. I am the root and the offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star.”

NET “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star!”

LSV I, Jesus, sent My messenger to testify to you these things concerning the assemblies; I am the root and the offspring of David, the radiant morning star!

FBV I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give you this testimony to share with the churches. I am both the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.”

TCNT “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and offspring of David, the bright morning star.”

T4T “I, Jesus, sent my angel in order that he might tell you who are in the congregations that all these things that have been said are true. I am the descendant of King David whom the prophets promised would come [MET]. I am the one who is like the bright morning star [MET], the one that Moses promised would come.”

LEB “I, Jesus, sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.”

BBE I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give witness to you of these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright and morning star.

Moff "I Jesus have sent my angel to give you this testimony for the churches; I am the Scion and offspring of David, the bright star of the morning.

Wymth "I Jesus have sent My angel for him solemnly to declare these things to you among the Churches. I am the Root and the offspring of David, the bright Morning Star.

ASV I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things for the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright, the morning star.

DRA I Jesus have sent my angel, to testify to you these things in the churches. I am the root and stock of David, the bright and morning star.

YLT 'I, Jesus did send my messenger to testify to you these things concerning the assemblies; I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright and morning star!

Drby I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify these things to you in the assemblies. I am the root and offspring of David, the bright [and] morning star.

RV I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things for the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright, the morning star.

SLT I Jesus sent mine angel to testify these things to you, to the churches. I am the root and stock of David, the shining and morning star.

Wbstr I Jesus have sent my angel to testify to you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning-star.

KJB-1769 I Jesus have sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the churches. I am the root and the offspring of David, and the bright and morning star.

KJB-1611 I Iesus haue sent mine Angel, to testifie vnto you these things in the Churches. I am the roote and the offspring of Dauid, and the bright and morning starre.
(Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from capitalisation and punctuation)

Bshps I Iesus sent myne angell, to testifie vnto you these thynges in ye Churches. I am the roote and the generation of Dauid, and the bryght mornyng starre.
(I Yesus/Yeshua sent mine angel, to testify unto you these things in ye/you_all Churches. I am the root and the generation of David, and the bryght morning star.)

Gnva I Iesus haue sent mine Angell, to testifie vnto you these things in the Churches: I am the root and the generation of Dauid, and the bright morning starre.
(I Yesus/Yeshua have sent mine Angel, to testify unto you these things in the Churches: I am the root and the generation of David, and the bright morning star. )

Cvdl I Iesus haue sent myne angell, to testifie vnto you these thinges in the cogregacions. I am the rote and the generacion of Dauid, and the bright mornynge starre.
(I Yesus/Yeshua have sent mine angel, to testify unto you these things in the congregations. I am the root and the generation of David, and the bright morning star.)

TNT I Iesus sent myne angell to testyfye vnto you these thynges in the congregacions. I am the rote and the generacion of David and the bright mornynge starre.
(I Yesus/Yeshua sent mine angel to testify unto you these things in the congregations. I am the root and the generation of David and the bright morning star. )

Wycl I Jhesus sente myn aungel, to witnesse to you these thingis in chirchis. Y am the roote and kyn of Dauid, and the schynynge morewe sterre.
(I Yhesus sent mine angel, to witness to you these things in churches. I am the root and kind of David, and the shining morning star.)

Luth Ich, JEsus, habe gesandt meinen Engel, solches euch zu zeugen an die Gemeinden. Ich bin die Wurzel des Geschlechts Davids, ein heller Morgenstern.
(I, Yesus, have sent my angel, such you to/for witness/testify at/to the communities. I am the root(n) the descendants David's, a brighter morning_star.)

ClVg Ego Jesus misi angelum meum testificari vobis hæc in ecclesiis. Ego sum radix, et genus David, stella splendida et matutina.[fn]
(I Yesus I_sent a_messenger/angel mine testificari to_you(pl) these_things in/into/on assemblies/churches. I I_am root, and kind/class David, star splendida and morning. )

22.16 Ego Jesus. Commendavit Joannes librum, per angelum, per sui dignitatem, modo etiam per auctoritatem ipsius Christi. Quasi dicat: Omnes audientes sciant quod ego Jesus misi angelum meum testificari vobis hæc. Stella splendida. Clara stella, id est, magna charitas annuntians diem, id est futuram beatitudinem, per meam resurrectionem in mane factam

22.16 I Yesus. Commendavit Yoannes book, through a_messenger/angel, through self dignity, just/only also through by_authoritym of_his/her_own Christi. As_if let_him_say: All_of_them hearing let_them_know that I Yesus I_sent a_messenger/angel mine testificari to_you(pl) these_things. Stella splendida. Clara star, that it_is, big charity announcens day, that it_is future happiness, through of_mine resurrection in/into/on in_the_morning made

UGNT ἐγὼ, Ἰησοῦς, ἔπεμψα τὸν ἄγγελόν μου, μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις. ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυείδ, ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρός, ὁ πρωϊνός.
(egō, Yaʸsous, epempsa ton angelon mou, marturaʸsai humin tauta epi tais ekklaʸsiais. egō eimi haʸ ɽiza kai to genos Daueid, ho astaʸr ho lampros, ho prōinos.)

SBL-GNT Ἐγὼ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεμψα τὸν ἄγγελόν μου μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις. ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυίδ, ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρός, ὁ πρωϊνός.
(Egō Yaʸsous epempsa ton angelon mou marturaʸsai humin tauta epi tais ekklaʸsiais. egō eimi haʸ ɽiza kai to genos Dawid, ho astaʸr ho lampros, ho prōinos.)

RP-GNT Ἐγὼ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεμψα τὸν ἄγγελόν μου μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις. Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυίδ, ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς ὁ πρωϊνός.
(Egō Yaʸsous epempsa ton angelon mou marturaʸsai humin tauta epi tais ekklaʸsiais. Egō eimi haʸ ɽiza kai to genos Dawid, ho astaʸr ho lampros ho prōinos.)

TC-GNT Ἐγὼ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεμψα τὸν ἄγγελόν μου μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις. Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος [fn]Δαυίδ, [fn]ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς [fn]ὁ πρωϊνός.
(Egō Yaʸsous epempsa ton angelon mou marturaʸsai humin tauta epi tais ekklaʸsiais. Egō eimi haʸ ɽiza kai to genos Dawid, ho astaʸr ho lampros ho prōinos. )

22:16 δαυιδ ¦ ΔΑΔ Αν K ¦ δαβιδ HF ¦ του δαβιδ TR ¦ δαυειδ WH

22:16 ο ¦ και ο Αν

22:16 ο πρωινος ¦ και ορθρινος TR

Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs, orange:accents differ, red:words differ (from our SR-GNT base).

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 22:6–21: Conclusion

This is the last division of the book of Revelation and the last section. In it, the angel, Jesus, John, and the Holy Spirit spoke some final messages.

The angel of 21:9–22:5 affirmed that the book of Revelation is true. Then Jesus reminded the readers that he will return to earth. He also encouraged the readers to believe what was in this book. Then the angel told John to make this message known to other believers.

Then Jesus again spoke words of encouragement to believers. The Holy Spirit and the church invited all people to come to Jesus and believe in him. Then John warned everyone not to add any words to this book or remove any part of it. Jesus again reminded the readers that he will return. John agreed and ended the book with a blessing on God’s people.

Other examples of headings are:

Ending messages/announcements to endorse/approve the book

Final words to encourage the readers

Jesus, the angel, the Holy Spirit, and John conclude the book

22:16a

“I, Jesus, have sent My angel

¶ I Jesus have sent my angel
¶ I am Jesus. I sent my angel

22:16b

to give you this testimony for the churches.

to testify about those things to you^(plur) for the churches.
to explain accurately to you those things for the benefit of the gatherings of believers.

22:16a–b

to give you this testimony: The Greek phrase is literally “to testify these things to you.” The word “testify” means “to tell/report what one saw.” The word is often used when the person speaking is expected to be truthful and accurate. The angel showed everything in Revelation to John. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

faithfully report these things to you

accurately explain those things to you

for the churches: Here the word for means “for the benefit of.” Other ways to translate this phrase are:

for the sake of the churches (NJB)

on behalf of the churches

churches: The Greek word that the BSB translates as churches refers generally to gatherings of people. Someone summoned the people for a particular purpose. Here, as almost always in the NT, it refers to groups of believers. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

congregations

groups of believers

gatherings of believers

See how you translated this word in 1:4.

22:16c

I am the Root and the Offspring of David,

I am the Root of David and the Descendant of David,
I am the Shoot of David and his promised descendant.

the Root and the Offspring of David: This phrase combines two symbolic titles for Jesus. Jesus is the Root…of David, as in 5:5b. He is also the Offspring of David. This second title indicates that Jesus is the promised descendant of King David who saved his people. Other ways to translate this phrase are:

I am the root and the descendant of David (NASB)

I am both the Shoot of David and the heir to his throne

the Root…of David: Here the word Root probably refers to a shoot that grows from the root of a plant when the main plant has been cut off. This phrase is a combination of Isaiah 11:1 and 11:10. This title refers to the promised leader of God’s people who was to be a descendant of David.

In some languages the meaning of the Root…of David is not clear. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

Translate the meaning without the figure of speech. For example:
the special/unique Descendant of David
the promised Heir of David
the one who renews/restores David’s kingship
Translate the literal meaning and explain its figurative meaning in a footnote. An example footnote is:
This phrase is a combination of Isaiah 11:1 and 11:10. It indicates that Jesus was the promised leader of God’s people who was to be a descendant of David.

Translate this phrase as you did in 5:5.

22:16d

the bright Morning Star.”

and the shining Star of the Morning/Dawn.”
I am the radiant Morning/Dawn Star.”

the bright Morning Star: There is a textual issue in 22:16d: Early Greek manuscripts have the word morning (BSB, RSV, NIV, GNT, NJB, NASB, NLT, GW, CEV, NET, NABRE, REB, ESV, NCV). (2) A few later Greek manuscripts have the words and morning (KJV only). It is recommended that you follow option (1), because the UBS Greek NT supports it. This title is a symbol for the Christ, perhaps based on Numbers 24:17. You may want to explain the symbolic meaning in a footnote. An example footnote is:

The “Morning Star” is a symbol for the Christ here.

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / you

μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις

˓to˒_testify ˱to˲_you_all these_‹things› (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐγώ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεμψα τόν ἄγγελον μού μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπί ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις Ἐγώ εἰμί ἡ ῥίζα καί τό γένος Δαυίδ ὁ ἀστήρ ὁ λαμπρός ὁ πρωϊνός)

Here the word you is plural. Alternate translation: [to testify to all of you in the churches about these things that concern you]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυείδ

the root (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐγώ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεμψα τόν ἄγγελον μού μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπί ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις Ἐγώ εἰμί ἡ ῥίζα καί τό γένος Δαυίδ ὁ ἀστήρ ὁ λαμπρός ὁ πρωϊνός)

Jesus is speaking as if here were literally the root of a tree. He means that David came from him, just as a tree comes from its roots. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: [both the source and the offspring of David]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρός, ὁ πρωϊνός

the ¬the ¬the (Some words not found in SR-GNT: Ἐγώ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεμψα τόν ἄγγελον μού μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπί ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις Ἐγώ εἰμί ἡ ῥίζα καί τό γένος Δαυίδ ὁ ἀστήρ ὁ λαμπρός ὁ πρωϊνός)