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interlinearVerse INT GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOS JDG RUTH 1SA 2SA 1KI 2KI 1CH 2CH EZRA NEH EST JOB PSA PRO ECC SNG ISA JER LAM EZE DAN HOS JOEL AMOS OBA YNA MIC NAH HAB ZEP HAG ZEC MAL YHN MARK MAT LUKE ACTs ROM 1COR 2COR GAL EPH PHP COL 1TH 2TH 1TIM 2TIM TIT PHM HEB YAC 1PET 2PET 1YHN 2YHN 3YHN YUD REV
Rom C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16
OET (OET-LV) Because_of this, as by one man the sin into the world came_in, and by the sin the death, also thus to all people the death passed_through, because/for that all sinned,
OET (OET-RV) Sin came into the world through one man, and death came as a result of sin, so death spread to everyone because everyone has disobeyed God.
Note 1 topic: grammar-connect-words-phrases
διὰ τοῦτο
because_of this
The phrase For this reason indicates that what follows in 5:12–21 is Paul’s explanation of the relationship between human sin and God’s grace. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Because of this”
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor
ὥσπερ δι’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος; καὶ οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ θάνατος διῆλθεν
as by one man ¬the sin into the world came_in and by ¬the sin ¬the death also thus to all people ¬the death passed_through
Here Paul speaks of sin and death as if they were objects that could enter a place or spread within people. Paul means that the way God intended for the world and human beings to function became thoroughly corrupted by sin and death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “just as through one man sin began to exist in the world, and that sin would result in that man’s death, so also all men born after that man would die too”
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
δι’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου
by one man
Paul uses the phrase one man to refer to Adam, the first human being. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in 5:14. Alternate translation: “through the first man, Adam,”
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / abstractnouns
ἡ ἁμαρτία & τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος; καὶ οὕτως & ὁ θάνατος
¬the sin & ¬the sin ¬the death also thus & ¬the death
If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of sin and death, you could use different expressions. Alternate translation: “sinful things … sinful things, living things could die, so also the ability to die”
Note 5 topic: figures-of-speech / ellipsis
διὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος
because_of by ¬the sin ¬the death
Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and through sin death entered into the world”
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations
ἀνθρώπους
people
Although the term men is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people”
Note 7 topic: writing-pronouns
ἐφ’ ᾧ πάντες ἥμαρτον
for that all sinned
Here the pronoun which could refer to: (1) the fact that Paul states in the next phrase. Alternate translation: “because of this fact, namely, that all sinned” (2) the one man mentioned earlier in the verse. Alternate translation: “because of the one man, all sinned”
Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj
πάντες
all
Paul is using the adjective all as a noun in order to describe a group of people. If your language does not use adjectives in the same way, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “all men” or “all humanity” or “all people”
5:12 Adam is both the name of the original man, Adam, and a Hebrew word that means “human.” Paul emphasizes the solidarity of Adam with the human race.
• sin entered the world: The significance that Paul ascribes to this act, and the parallel that he draws between Adam’s sin and Christ’s act of obedience on the cross, makes clear that Paul views Adam and his sin in the Garden of Eden as historical fact.
• everyone sinned: Death is universal because sin is universal. It is not clear when or how everyone sinned, but Paul later attributes the condemnation of all people to the sin of Adam, their representative (5:18).
• Jewish tradition is divided on the relationship between Adam’s sin and the sin and death of human beings generally. Some texts emphasize a solidarity between Adam and all other people, as in “when Adam sinned a death was decreed against those who were to be born” (2 Baruch 23:4). Other texts insist that people die because of their own sin: “Adam is, therefore, not the cause, except only for himself, but each of us had become our own Adam” (2 Baruch 54:19).
OET (OET-LV) Because_of this, as by one man the sin into the world came_in, and by the sin the death, also thus to all people the death passed_through, because/for that all sinned,
OET (OET-RV) Sin came into the world through one man, and death came as a result of sin, so death spread to everyone because everyone has disobeyed God.
Note: The OET-RV is still only a first draft, and so far only a few words have been (mostly automatically) matched to the Greek words that they’re translated from.
Acknowledgements: The SR Greek text, lemmas, morphology, and English gloss (7th line) are all thanks to the SR-GNT.