AICNT HEB section

[fn] 1 In many parts[fn] and in many ways, God long ago spoke to {the}[fn] fathers through the prophets.

2 In these last days, he has spoken to us in a son, whom he appointed heir of all things, through whom [also][fn] he made the ages; 3 who, being the radiance[fn] of glory and the exact representation[fn] of his essence,[fn] upholding all things by the word of [his][fn] power, having made purification for [[our]][fn] sins [[through himself]],[fn] he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, 4 having become as much superior to [the][fn] angels, as he has inherited a name more distinguished than theirs.

5 For to which of the angels did he ever say, “You are my Son, today I have begotten you”?[fn]

6 And when he again brings the firstborn into the world, he says, “And let all the angels of God worship him.”[fn]

7 And of the angels he says, “He makes his angels spirits, and his ministers a flame of fire.”[fn]

8 But of the Son, “Your throne, O God,[fn] is forever [and ever];[fn] [and][fn] the scepter of uprightness is the scepter of {your}[fn] kingdom. 9 You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness; therefore God, your God, has anointed[fn] you with the oil of gladness beyond your companions.”[fn]

10 And, “You, Lord, laid the foundation of the earth in the beginning, and the heavens are the work of your hands; 11 they will perish, but you remain; and they will all grow old like a garment, 12 and like a garment you will roll them up, and [[like a garment]][fn] they will be changed; but you are the same, and your years will never end.”[fn]

13 And to which of the angels has he ever said, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet”?[fn]

14 Are they not all ministering spirits, sent out to serve for the sake of those who are to inherit salvation?

1:0, Title (“Hebrews”): Absent from 𝔓12 ℵ(01) B(03). ‖ 𝔓46 A(02) BYZ TR reads “To the Hebrews.” ‖ TR reads “The letter of Paul the apostle to the Hebrews.”

1:1, In many parts: Or, of prophetic writings.

1:1, the: 𝔓12 reads “our.”

1:2, also: Absent from 𝔓46.

1:3, radiance: Or reflection. The Greek word means radiance, effulgence in the sense of brightness from a source or reflection in the passive sense as brightness shining back. (BDAG, ἀπαύγασμα).

1:3, representation: The Greek word used means (1) a mark or impression placed on an object, (2) something produced as a representation, reproduction, representation, (3) characteristic trait or manner, distinctive mark, or (4) an impression that is made, outward aspect, outward appearance, form. (BDAG, χαρακτήρ).

1:3, essence: The Greek word used has a wide range of meanings for this word including, (1) the essential or basic structure/nature of an entity (Or, underlying structure, representation, realization) (2) a plan that one devises for action (3) situation, condition, frame of mind, or (4) guarantee of ownership/entitlement, title deed. (BDAG, ὑπόστασις).

1:3, his: Absent from 𝔓46.

1:3, our: Included in BYZ TR.

1:3, through himself: Included in 𝔓46 BYZ TR.

1:4, the: Absent from 𝔓46 B(03).

1:5, Psalm 2:7.

1:5, 2 Samuel 7:14, 1 Chronicles 17:13.

1:6, Deuteronomy 32:43 LXX /Dead Sea Scrolls, Psalm 97:7.

1:7, Psalm 104:4 LXX.

1:8, God: The BDAG entry of the Greek word for “God” includes the statement: “Some writing in our literature uses the word θεός in reference to Christ without necessarily equating Christ with the Father, and therefore in harmony with the Shema of Israel. Dt 6:4.” BDAG further gives a fourth definition of θεός : “that which is nontranscendent but considered worth of special reverence or respect, god ... of humans θεοί John 10:34f; humans are called θεός in the Old Testament” (BDAG, θεός). Capitalization of “God” is not intended to suggest a particular theological perspective. Some translations, including the Revised English Bible and the James Moffatt translation, render the phrase as “God is your throne.” Supporters of this alternate rendering argue that the nominative reading is grammatically possible, suggesting that God serves as the basis or foundation of the throne rather than the addressee being explicitly called “God.”

1:8, and ever: Absent from B(03).

1:8, and: Absent from BYZ TR.

1:8, your: A(02) BYZ TR ‖ Some manuscripts read “his.” 𝔓46 ℵ(01) B(03).

1:9, anointed: The Greek word means anoint in our literature only in a figurative sense of an anointing by God setting a person apart for special service under divine direction... God anoints (a) David, (b) Jesus, the Christ for his work or mission, (c) the prophets, (d) the apostles or, more probably, all Christians (at baptism or through the Spirit) 1 Cor 1:21. (BDAG, χρίω).

1:8-9, Psalm 45:6-7 LXX.

1:12, like a garment: Absent from BYZ TR.

1:10-12, Psalm 102:25-27 LXX/Dead Sea Scrolls.

1:13, Psalm 110:1.

AICNT by section HEB 1:1

Hebrews 1