AICNT HEB chapter 1

1 In many parts[fn] and in many ways, God long ago spoke to the fathers through the prophets. 2 In these last days, he has spoken to us in a son, whom he appointed heir of all things, through whom also he made the ages;

3 Who being the radiance[fn] of glory and the exact representation[fn] of his essence,[fn] upholding all things by the word of his power, having made purification for [[our]][fn] sins [[through himself]],[fn] he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, 4 having become as much superior to angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirs.

5 For to which of the angels did he ever say, “You are my Son, today I have begotten you”?[fn]

6 And when he again brings the firstborn into the world, he says, “And let all the angels of God worship him.”[fn]

7 And of the angels he says, “He makes his angels spirits, and his ministers a flame of fire.”[fn]

8 But of the Son, “Your throne, O God,[fn] is forever [and ever];[fn] [and][fn] the scepter of uprightness is the scepter of {your}[fn] kingdom. 9 You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness; therefore God, your God, has anointed[fn] you with the oil of gladness beyond your companions.”[fn]

10 And, “You, Lord, laid the foundation of the earth in the beginning, and the heavens are the work of your hands; 11 they will perish, but you remain; and they will all grow old like a garment, 12 And like a garment you will roll them up, and [[like a garment]][fn] they will be changed; but you are the same, and your years will never end.”[fn]

13 And to which of the angels has he ever said, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet”?[fn]

14 Are they not all ministering spirits, sent out to serve for the sake of those who are to inherit salvation?

1:1, In many parts: That is of prophetic writings.

1:3, radiance: Or reflection. The Greek word means radiance, effulgence in the sense of brightness from a source or reflection in the passive sense as brightness shining back. (BDAG, ἀπαύγασμα)

1:3, representation: The Greek word used means (1) a mark or impression placed on an object, (2) something produced as a representation, reproduction, representation, (3) characteristic trait or manner, distinctive mark, or (4) an impression that is made, outward aspect, outward appearance, form. (BDAG, χαρακτήρ)

1:3, essence: The Greek word used has a wide range of meanings for this word including, (1) the essential or basic structure/nature of an entity (That is underlying structure, representation, realization) (2) a plan that one devises for action (3) situation, condition, frame of mind, or (4) guarantee of ownership/entitlement, title dead. (BDAG, ὑπόστασις)

1:3, our: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

1:3, through himself: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

1:5, Psalms 2:7

1:5, 2 Samuel 7:14, 1 Chronicles 17:13

1:6, Deuteronomy 32:43 LXX /Dead Sea Scrolls, Psalms 97:7

1:7, Psalms 104:4 LXX

1:8, God: The BDAG entry of the Greek word for “God” states, “Some writing in our literature uses the word θεός in reference to Christ without necessarily equating Christ with the Father, and therefore in harmony with the Shema of Israel. Dt 6:4.” BDAG further gives a fourth definition of θεός : “4 that which is nontranscendent but considered worth of special reverence or respect, god ... of humans θεοί John 10:34f; humans are called θεός in the Old Testament” (BDAG, θεός). Capitalization of “God” is not intended to suggest a particular theological perspective.

1:8, and ever: Absent from some manuscripts. B(03)

1:8 and: Absent from some manuscripts. Syriac(sy) BYZ TR

1:8, your: Some manuscripts read “his.” 𝔓46 ℵ(01) B(03)

1:9, anointed: The Greek word means anoint in our literature only in a figurative sense of an anointing by God setting a person apart for special service under divine direction... God anoints (a) David, (b) Jesus, the Christ for his work or mission, (c) the prophets, (d) the apostles or, more probably, all Christians (at baptism or through the Spirit) 1 Cor 1:21. (BDAG, χρίω)

1:8-9, Psalms 45:6-7 LXX

1:12, like a garment: Absent from some manuscripts. THGNT BYZ TR

1:10-12, Psalms 102:25-27 LXX/Dead Sea Scrolls.

1:13, Psalms 110:1

AICNT HEB Chapter 1