Open English Translation (OET)

Koine Greek wordlink #110208

SR GNT Rom 11:7 ἐπωρώθησαν (epōrōthaʸsan) ‘the and rest were hardened’ Strongs=44560 Lemma=pōroō
Word role=verb mood=indicative tense=aorist voice=passive person=3rd number=plural
Year=60 AD

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Only use of identical word form ἐπωρώθησαν (V-IAP3··P) in the Greek originals

The word form ‘ἐπωρώθησαν’ (V-IAP3··P) is always and only glossed as ‘were hardened’.

The various word forms of the root word (lemma) ‘pōroō’ have 3 different glosses: ‘having_been hardened’, ‘was hardened’, ‘were hardened’.

Greek words (5) other than ἐπωρώθησαν (V-IAP3··P) with a gloss related to ‘hardened’

MARK 6:52 πεπωρωμένη (pepōrōmenaʸ) V-PEP·NFS ‘of them the heart having_been hardened’ SR GNT Mark 6:52 word 14

OET-LV: 52 for/because they_ not _understood concerning the loaves, but the heart of _them was having _been _hardened. (MRK_6:52)

OET-RV: 52 because they hadn’t understood the implications of him feeding all the people because their minds were closed. (MRK 6:52)

MARK 8:17 πεπωρωμένην (pepōrōmenaʸn) V-PEP·AFS ‘you_all are understanding nor you_all are understanding having_been hardened you_all are having the heart’ SR GNT Mark 8:17 word 24

OET-LV: 17 And having _known it, the Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa) is _saying to _them: Why are _you _all _reasoning because you _all _are_ not _having loaves? You _all _are_ not _yet _understanding, nor you _all _are _understanding? Are _you _all _having the heart of _you _all having _been _hardened? (MRK_8:17)

OET-RV: 17 But Yeshua knew what they were saying and asked, “Why are you all discussing about not having food? Can’t you figure it out? Or are your minds completely closed? (MRK 8:17)

ACTs 19:9 ἐσκληρύνοντο (esklaʸrunonto) V-IIP3··P Lemma=sklērunō ‘when but some were_being hardened and were disbelieving speaking_evil of’ SR GNT Acts 19:9 word 7

OET-LV: 9 But when some were _being _hardened and were _disbelieving, speaking _evil of the way before the multitude, having _withdrew from them he _set _apart the apprentices/followers, in _every day discussing in the school of _Turannos. (ACT_19:9)

OET-RV: 9 But as some of them refused to believe and became hardened against his teaching and started telling everyone that the Yeshua way was evil, Paul stopped teaching in the meeting hall and taught the followers at Turannos’ school instead. (ACT 19:9)

2 COR 3:14 ἐπωρώθη (epōrōthaʸ) V-IAP3··S ‘but was hardened the thinking of them’ SR GNT 2 Cor 3:14 word 2

OET-LV: 14 But was _hardened the thinking of _them. For/Because until the today day, the same veil at at _the public _reading of _the old covenant is _remaining, not being _unveiled that in chosen _one /messiah it _is _being _nullified. (CO2_3:14)

OET-RV: 14 But their thinking was inflexible because even until this very day, the same veil remains during the public reading of the Hebrew scriptures—it’s not opened up because it’s only Messiah that nullifies it. (CO2 3:14)

HEB 3:13 σκληρυνθῇ (sklaʸrunthaʸ) V-SAP3··S Lemma=sklērunō ‘it is_being called in_order_that not may_be hardened someone of you_all’ SR GNT Heb 3:13 word 15

OET-LV: 13 But be _exhorting yourselves throughout each day, until of _which, which today it _is _being _called, in _order _that not may _be _hardened someone of you _all by_the_seduction the of _sin. (HEB_3:13)

OET-RV: 13 Instead urge yourselves on throughout each day (while it’s still called ‘today’) so that some of you won’t become hardened by the sin’s seduction (HEB 3:13)

Key: V=verb