Open Bible Data Home  About  News  OET Key

OET OET-RV OET-LV GHT ULT UST BSB MSB BLB AICNT OEB WEBBE WMBB NET LSV FBV TCNT T4T LEB BBE Moff JPS Wymth ASV DRA YLT Drby RV SLT Wbstr KJB-1769 KJB-1611 Bshps Gnva Cvdl TNT Wycl SR-GNT UHB BrLXX BrTr Related Parallel Simple Interlinear Topics Reference Dictionary Search

unfoldingWord Hebrew Grammar ⌂ ©

Pronoun Indefinite

Summary

An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that refers to a person(s) or thing(s) in general but not to any specific person or thing in particular. In English, they are usually translated as "whoever” (in reference to persons) or "whatever" (when referring to things).

Article

Biblical Hebrew contains two indefinite pronouns, the pronoun מִי (in reference to persons) and the pronoun מָה (in reference to things). These pronouns can also as interrogative pronoun, especially when they appear at the beginning of a clause/sentence. However, this is not a universal rule; the specific use of these pronouns must always be determined from the context. Indefinite pronouns function in a sentence almost exactly like a relative pronoun (see examples below).

Form

Indefinite pronouns do not change their form based on number, gender, or person. However, the vowels can change depending on the vocalization of the word immediately following the pronoun.

Examples

Personal indefinite pronoun (מִי)

Example: JDG 7:3
מִֽי־יָרֵ֣א
mi-yare
Who_fears
Whoever is afraid

OET comparison: JDG 7:3: RV JDG 7:3 · LV JDG 7:3 · Read together JDG 7:3

Show passage in OET

OET-RV JDG 7:3

3 So tell the men that anyone who’s afraid or trembling can leave Mt. Gilead and go back home.” Twenty-two thousand of them went back, leaving only ten thousand.
Example: EXO 32:26
מִ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י
mi layhwah 'elay
Who to-Yahweh to-me.
Whoever is on Yahweh's side, come to me

OET comparison: EXO 32:26: RV EXO 32:26 · LV EXO 32:26 · Read together EXO 32:26

Show passage in OET

OET-RV EXO 32:26

26 Then Mosheh stood at the camp entrance and asked, “Anyone who’s for Yahweh, come to me.” And all the men from the clan of Levi gathered around him.
Example: GEN 21:26
לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי מִ֥י עָשָׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה
lo yada'ti mi 'asah 'eth-haddavar hazzeh
Not I-know who did [dir.obj]_the-thing the-this.
I do not know who has done this thing.

OET comparison: GEN 21:26: RV GEN 21:26 · LV GEN 21:26 · Read together GEN 21:26

Show passage in OET

OET-RV GEN 21:26

26 “I don’t know who did that,” Avimelek responded, “and you hadn’t told me about it, so I’ve only just heard about it today.”

Word details: מִ֥י

Example: EXO 32:33
מִ֚י אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָֽטָא־לִ֔י
mi 'asher hata-li
Who which sinned_to-me
Whoever has sinned against me

OET comparison: EXO 32:33: RV EXO 32:33 · LV EXO 32:33 · Read together EXO 32:33

Show passage in OET
Example: JDG 10:18
מִ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֵ֔ל לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן
mi ha'ish 'asher yahel lehillahem bivne 'ammon
Who the-man which begins to-fight with-sons-of Ammon?
Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites?

OET comparison: JDG 10:18: RV JDG 10:18 · LV JDG 10:18 · Read together JDG 10:18

Show passage in OET

OET-RV JDG 10:18

18 Then the princes of Gilead said to each other, “Who will lead us to fight against the Amonim? He can become the leader over all of us who live in Gilead.”

Impersonal indefinite pronoun (מָה)

Example: 1SA 20:4
מַה־תֹּאמַ֥ר נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ
mah-ttomar nafshekha we'e'eseh-llakh
What_she-says your-soul and-I-will-do_for-you.
Whatever you say, I will do for you.

OET comparison: 1SA 20:4: RV SA1 20:4 · LV SA1 20:4 · Read together SA1 20:4

Show passage in OET

OET-RV SA1 20:4

4 “I’ll do anything for you—whatever you say,” Yonatan confirmed.
Example: NUM 23:3
מַה־יַּרְאֵ֖נִי וְהִגַּ֣דְתִּי לָ֑ךְ
mah-yyar'eni wehiggadti lakh
What_he-shows-me and-I-will-tell to-you.
Whatever he shows me I will tell you.

OET comparison: NUM 23:3: RV NUM 23:3 · LV NUM 23:3 · Read together NUM 23:3

Show passage in OET
Example: ECC 3:15
מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ כְּבָ֣ר ה֔וּא
mah-shehayah kevar hu
What_which-exists already it
Whatever exists has already existed

OET comparison: ECC 3:15: RV ECC 3:15 · LV ECC 3:15 · Read together ECC 3:15

Show passage in OET

OET-RV ECC 3:15

15 Whatever there is, it already was,
 ⇔ and whatever is to be, it already is,
 ⇔ and God will watch whatever’s being worked on.