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Tyndale Open Bible Dictionary

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DIVORCE*, Certificate of

A document declaring the separation of a husband and wife, mandated by Mosaic law (Dt 24:1-4; see Mt 5:31; 19:7; Mk 10:4). The certificate of divorce protected the woman’s rights, providing evidence of her freedom and ensuring that her husband could not claim her dowry. An example of the wording of such a document is Hosea 2:2: “She is no longer my wife, and I am no longer her husband” (NLT). The OT prophets used this statement figuratively to portray God’s desire to separate himself from his rebellious people (Is 50:1; Jer 3:8).

Show passage in OET: DEU 24:1–4

OET-RV DEU 24:1

24 When a man marries a woman, then further on he decides he doesn’t want her because of something he found out about her, then he must write a divorce notice and give it to her, and send her out of his house.

OET-RV DEU 24:2

2 After she leaves that marriage, another man is allowed to marry her.

OET-RV DEU 24:3

3 If that second husband also decides to divorce her by sending her away with a divorce notice, or if he were to die,

OET-RV DEU 24:4

4 then the first husband isn’t allow to take her back as his wife. That’s because she’s been defiled and it would be abhorrent to Yahweh, and you mustn’t defile the land that your god Yahweh is giving you.

OET-LV DEU 24:1

24 If/because a_man he_will_take a_woman and_he_will_marry_her and_it_was if not she_will_find favour in_eyes_of_his if/because he_has_found in_her the_nakedness_of a_thing and_he_will_write to/for_her/it a_document_of divorce and_he/it_gave in_hand_of_her and_he_will_send_her_away from_house_of_his.

OET-LV DEU 24:2

2 And_she_will_go_out from_house_of_his and_she_will_go and_she_will_belong to_a_man another.

OET-LV DEU 24:3

3 And_he_will_hate_her the_man (the)_latter and_he_will_write to/for_her/it a_document_of divorce and_he/it_gave in_hand_of_her and_he_will_send_her_away from_house_of_his or if/because the_man (the)_latter who he_has_taken_her to_him/it to/for_(a)_woman he_will_die.

OET-LV DEU 24:4

4 Not husband_of_her (the)_former who he_sent_her_away he_will_be_able to_return to_take_her to_be to_him/it to/for_(a)_woman after that she_has_been_declared_unclean if/because is_an_abomination it to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH and_not you_will_cause_to_sin DOM the_earth/land which YHWH god_of_your is_about_to_give to/for_yourself(m) an_inheritance.
Show passage in OET: MAT 5:31

OET-RV MAT 5:31

31 “It’s said that any man can divorce his wife just by sending her away.

OET-LV MAT 5:31

31 And it_was_said:
Whoever wishfully may_send_away the wife of_him, let_him_give divorce to_her.
Show passage in OET: MAT 19:7

OET-RV MAT 19:7

7 “So why did Mosheh (Moses) allow us to give her divorce papers and then send her away?” they asked him.

OET-LV MAT 19:7

7 They_are_saying to_him:
Therefore why Mōsaʸs/(Mosheh) commanded to_give a_scroll of_divorce and to_send_ her _away?
Show passage in OET: MRK 10:4

OET-RV MRK 10:4

4 They answered, “Mosheh said that a husband is allowed to write a statement of divorce and dismiss his wife with it.”

OET-LV MRK 10:4

4 And they said, Mōsaʸs permitted to_write a_scroll of_divorce and to_send_away.
Show passage in OET: HOS 2:2

OET-RV HOS 2:2

2 Contend with your mother, contend, because she’s not my wife,
 ⇔ and nor am I her husband.
 ⇔ Let her turn her face away from prostitution,
 ⇔ and cease her adultery from between her breasts.

OET-LV HOS 2:4

4  Conduct_a_case with_mother_of_your(pl) conduct_a_case if/because she not wife_of_is_my and_I not her/its_husband/man and_let_her_remove prostitution(s)_of_her from_face_of_her and_adulteries_of_her from_between breasts_of_her.
Show passage in OET: ISA 50:1

OET-RV ISA 50:1

50 Yahweh says this:
 ⇔ Where’s the divorce papers for your mother who I sent away?
 ⇔ Which of my creditors did I sell you all to,
 ⇔ because you were all sold because of your disobedience?
 ⇔ ≈ And your mother was sent away because of your rebellion.

OET-LV ISA 50:1

50 Thus YHWH he_says where this is_the_document_of the_divorce_of your_mother_of_your(pl) which I_sent_her_away or who is_one_of_my_creditors whom I_sold you(pl) to_him/it HERE for_iniquities_of_your(pl) you(pl)_were_sold and_for_transgressions_of_your(pl) mother_of_your(pl) she_was_sent_away.
Show passage in OET: JER 3:8

OET-RV JER 3:8

8 So I saw that because of all those situations where faithless Yisrael had committed adultery, I had given her divorce notice to her and sent her away. But her sister Yehudah, acting treacherously, wasn’t worried and she went out and also prostituted herself.

OET-LV JER 3:8

8 And_I_saw if/because_that on all_of causes that the_apostate_one Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) she_committed_adultery I_sent_her_away and_I_gave DOM the_document_of her_divorce(s)_of_her to_her/it and_not treacherous Yəhūdāh sister_of_her she_was_afraid and_she_went and_she_acted_as_a_prostitute also she.

Jump to OET DEU 24:1–4 section.

Jump to OET MAT 5:31 section.

Jump to OET MAT 19:7 section.

Jump to OET MRK 10:4 section.

Jump to OET HOS 2:2 section.

Jump to OET ISA 50:1 section.

Jump to OET JER 3:8 section.

See also Civil Law and Justice; Divorce; Marriage, Marriage Customs.