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OET-RV by cross-referenced section EXO 12:29

EXO 12:29–12:42 ©

This is still a very early look into the unfinished text of the Open English Translation of the Bible. Please double-check the text in advance before using in public.

The death of all the oldest male offspring

Exo 12:29–42

12:29 The death of all the oldest male offspring

29Then, in the middle of the night, Yahweh struck all the oldest males in Egypt, from the oldest son of Far’oh who sat on his throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner in the dungeon and all oldest male offspring of the animals.[ref] 30During the night, all the Egyptians got up, including Far’oh and all his servants. There was tremendous wailing throughout Egypt because it was a very rare house where there wasn’t someone dead. 31Far’oh called for Mosheh and Aharon in the night and told them, “Pack up and get out from among my people—you two and all the other Israelis. Go and serve Yahweh as you’ve said. 32Also take your flocks and your herds as you’ve said, and go. And bless me as well.

33The Egyptians urged the Israelis, hurrying to let them go from the land because they said, “We’re all dying.”

34So the people carried their bread dough before it could rise. Their bread-making bowls were wrapped in their clothes on their shoulders.

35The Israelis did everything that Mosheh had instructed them, including asking for items of gold and silver, and clothing from the Egyptians.[ref] 36Yahweh gave the people favour in the eyes of the Egyptians, so by their requests, they were able to strip the Egyptians of their wealth.

37Then the Israelis walked from Rameses toward Succoth—about 600,000 strong men on foot, not counting women and children. 38A large assortment of other people also went with them, along with large numbers of sheep and goats, and cattle.

39They baked the dough that they brought from Egypt into flat bread since it hadn’t had time to rise,[fn] because they were driven out of Egypt in a hurry and hadn’t had time to prepare food to take.

40The descendants of Yisra’el (Yacob) had lived in Egypt for 430 years[ref] 41to the day, because that very day was when all the various divisions of Yahweh’s people left Egypt. 42It was a time when they stayed awake all night as Yahweh took them out of Egypt—a night to be observed in that same way by every future generation.


12:39 Most modern readers probably visualise yeast bought from a supermarket when ‘leaven’ (or even ‘yeast’) is mentioned in a Bible translation. However, it’s much more likely that each day, a portion of the bread dough was set aside for the natural yeasts (think ‘sour dough’ bread) to accumulate, and then mixed into the new batch of dough the next day and left for the natural yeasts to work and rise the dough. The text here implies that it’s possible that the Hebrew word translated ‘unleavened’ really meant ‘unrisen’ on that first ‘pass-over’ night.


Collected OET-RV cross-references

Exo 4:22-23:

22But tell Far’oh, ‘Yahweh has stated that Yisra’el is like his oldest son 23and he asked you to let that son go so that he can serve him. But you refused to let Yisra’el go, so Yahweh will kill your oldest son.’ ”[ref]


4:23: Exo 12:29.

Exo 3:21-22:

21Then I’ll make the Egyptian people favour you all in such a way that when you go, you won’t leave empty-handed.[ref] 22For example, an Israeli woman will ask her Egyptian neighbour (or from someone staying where she lives) for gold and silver items and for clothing. Then you’ll put them on your sons and daughters, and in this way you’ll all plunder the Egyptians.”


3:21-22: Exo 12:35-36.

Gen 15:13:

13and Yahweh said to Abram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a land that doesn’t belong to them, and they will serve the rulers of that land and those rulers will persecute them for 400 years.[ref]


15:13: Exo 1:1-14; Acts 7:6.

Gal 3:17:

17So what I’m telling you is that the agreement with Abraham that was previously ratified by God, was not annulled 430 years later[ref] when the law was given to Mosheh and nor was the promised nullified.


3:17: Exo 12:40.