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Open English Translation EXO Chapter 12

EXO 12 ©

Readers’ Version

Literal Version

12:1 Meal preparations to avoid death

12Then Yahweh told Mosheh and Aharon Egypt,[ref] 2“This month is to become the beginning of the months for you all—from now on it will be the first month of the new year. 3Assemble the people and tell them that on the tenth of this month, every man who’s the head of the household must select a lamb or young goat for his family. 4But if the household’s too small to cook a whole animal, then neighbours can combine and share—budgeting on how much each person eats. 5You all can choose either a sheep or a goat, but it must be a perfect, one-year-old male—without any defects. 6You all must take special care of those animals until the fourteenth day of this month, then every Israeli household will slaughter their animal early that evening. 7Then they must take some of the blood and put it on both doorposts and on the lintel of the houses that they’ll be in when they eat it. 8They must roast them on the fire and eat the meat that night, along with flat bread and bitter herbs. 9Don’t eat any of the meat raw and don’t boil it in water—it must be roasted over the fire with its head, legs, and internal organs. 10Nothing must be left by morning—anything that’s not eaten must be burnt in the fire. 11And this is how you all must eat it: with your belts fastened on your waists, your sandals on your feet, and your staffs in your hands. You all must eat it in a hurry. It is the Passover to Yahweh.

12Then during that night, I will move throughout Egypt and I will kill all the oldest malesboth people and animals. I will execute judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am Yahweh. 13That blood on the doorposts and lintel will be your sign on the houses which you are all in. I will see the blood and will pass over above you all, and the plague won’t affect you all with destruction as I strike against Egypt. 14Then this day will become a memorial for you all, and you’ll celebrate it as a festival to Yahweh for future generations—a statute that you’ll all celebrate forever.[ref]

12and_he/it_said YHWH to Mosheh and_to ʼAhₐron in_land of_Miʦrayim to_say.
2The_month the_this to/for_you_all [will_be_the]_beginning of_months [will_be]_first it to/for_you_all of_month the_year.
3Speak to all the_congregation of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) to_say in/on/at/with of_the the_this and to/for_them (a)_man wwww for_families wwww wwww to/for.
4And_if it_will_be_[too]_small the_household too_for_is for_lamb and_he/it_will_take he and_neighbor_his the_nearest to house_his in/on/at/with_number of_people each_one according_to_amount_of eat_it you_all_will_estimate on the_lamb.
5A_lamb unblemished male a_son of_a_year it_will_be to/for_you_all one_of the_sheep and_from the_goats you_all_will_take.
6And_it_was to/for_you_all to_keep until [the]_four- teen day of_the_month the_this and_slaughter DOM_him/it all the_assembly of_the_congregation of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) between the_twilight.
7And_take some_of the_blood and_put on the_two the_doorposts and_on the_lintel on the_houses which they_will_eat DOM_him/it in/on/at/with_them.
8And_eat DOM the_meat in/on/at/with_night the_this roasted of_fire and_unleavened_bread with bitter_herbs eat_it.
9Do_not eat from_him/it raw and_boiled [being]_boiled in/on/at/with_water if/because (if) roasted of_fire his/its_head with legs_its and_with inner_parts_its.
10And_not you_all_will_leave_over from_him/it until morning and_the_left from_him/it until morning in/on/at/with_fire you_all_will_burn.
11And_this_is_how you_all_will_eat DOM_him/it belt_your_all’s [will_be]_girded sandals_your_all’s in/on/at/with_feet_your_all’s and_staff_your_all’s in/on/at/with_hand_your_all’s and_eat DOM_him/it in/on/at/with_haste [is]_a_passover it to/for_YHWH.
12And_pass in/on/at/with_land of_Miʦrayim/(Egypt) in/on/at/with_night the_this and_strike_down every firstborn in_land of_Miʦrayim from_humankind and_unto livestock and_on/over_all the_gods of_Miʦrayim I_will_do acts_of_judgement I [am]_YHWH.
13And_it_was the_blood to/for_you_all as_sign on the_houses where you_all [are]_there and_see DOM the_blood and_pass over_you_all and_not it_will_be in/on/at/with_you_all a_plague to_destroy in/on/at/with_strike_I in_land of_Miʦrayim.
14And_it_was the_day the_this to/for_you_all to_memorial and_celebrate DOM_him/it a_festival to/for_YHWH throughout_generations_your_all’s a_statute of_perpetuity celebrate_it.

12:15 The ‘Flat Bread Celebration’

15For seven days you all must only eat flat bread made without yeast. Yes, on the first day you all must remove any yeast from your houses, because anyone who eats bread with yeast during those seven days, that person must be permanently driven out of Israel. 16On the first day, you all must gather for a sacred assembly, and similarly on the seventh day. No work can be done on those days other than meal preparation. 17You all must regularly observe the Flat Bread Celebration, because on this very day I will have brought your divisions out from Egypt. You all must observe this day throughout future generations—a statute that you’ll all celebrate forever. 18Starting on 14th of the first month in the evening, you all must eat only flat bread until the 21st day of the month in the evening. 19For seven days you all must have no yeast in your homes, because anyone who eats bread with yeast in it, that person must be driven out from the Israeli people whether they’re a foreigner or a native. 20You all mustn’t eat anything made with yeast. Wherever you live, you all must only eat flat bread.

15Seven days unleavened_bread(s) you_all_will_eat surely in_the_day the_first you_all_will_remove leaven from_houses_your_all’s if/because any [one_who]_eats leaven and_cut_off the_living_creatures the_that from_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) from_day the_first until [the]_day the_seventh.
16And_in/on/at/with_day the_first a_convocation of_holiness and_in/on/at/with_day the_seventh a_convocation of_holiness it_will_be to/for_you_all any work not it_will_be_done in/among_them only [that]_which it_will_be_eaten to/from_all/each/any/every person it for_him/it_being_alone it_will_be_done by_you_all.
17And_observe DOM the_feast_of_unleavened_bread if/because in/on/at/with_very the_day the_this I_brought_out DOM divisions_your_all’s of_land of_Miʦrayim/(Egypt) and_observe DOM the_day the_this throughout_generations_your_all’s a_statute of_perpetuity.
18In/on/at/with_first in/on/at/with_four teen day of_the_month in/on/at/with_evening you_all_will_eat unleavened_bread(s) until [the]_day the_one and_twenty of_the_month in/on/at/with_evening.
19Seven days leaven not it_will_be_found in/on/at/with_houses_your_all’s if/because any [one_who]_eats a_thing_leavened and_cut_off the_living_creatures the_that from_community of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) in/on/at/with_alien and_in/on/at/with_native the_earth/land.
20Any thing_leavened not you_all_will_eat in/on/at/with_all dwellings_your_all’s you_all_will_eat unleavened_bread(s).

12:21 The first ever ‘pass-over’ celebration

21Then Mosheh summoned the Israeli elders and told them, “Go ahead and select a lamb or young goat for each family and slaughter it. 22Then you all must take a bunch of leafy hyssop stalks, and dip it in the basin with the blood from the sacrifice and paint the blood onto the lintel and both doorposts. After that, absolutely no one should go out the door of your houses until morning. 23Then Yahweh will pass throughout Egypt to strike the Egyptians and when he sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, he’ll ‘pass over’ that doorway and won’t permit ‘the destroyer’ to enter into your houses to strike.[ref] 24All of you and your descendants must maintain this as a law and celebrate it forever, 25so when you all enter into the land that Yahweh will give to you just as he promised, then you must observe this ceremony. 26Then when it occurs, your children will ask, ‘What does this ceremony mean to you?’ 27you all must tell them, ‘It’s the sacrifice of ‘pass-over’ to Yahweh, who passed over the houses of the Israelis in Egypt when he struck the Egyptians and rescued our families.’ ”

And the people bowed their heads and prostrated themselves, 28and the Israelis went and did just as Yahweh had commanded through Mosheh and Aharon.

21and_he/it_called Mosheh to/from_all/each/any/every the_elders of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_he/it_said to_them draw and_select to/for_you_all sheep for_families_your_all’s and_slaughter the_passover_lamb.
22And_take a_bunch of_hyssop and_dip in/on/at/with_blood which in/on/at/with_basin and_touch (to) the_lintel and_near/to the_two the_doorposts some_of the_blood which in/on/at/with_basin and_you_all not you_all_will_go_out anyone from_door house_his until morning.
23And_pass_through YHWH to_strike DOM Miʦrayim and_sees DOM the_blood on the_lintel and_on the_two the_doorposts and_pass YHWH over the_door and_not he_will_permit the_destroyer to_come into houses_your_all’s to_strike.
24And_observe DOM the_event the_this as_ordinance to/for_yourself(m) and_for_children_your until perpetuity.
25And_it_was if/because you_all_will_come into the_earth/land which he_will_give YHWH to/for_you_all just_as he_said and_observe DOM the_ceremony the_this.
26And_it_was if/because they_will_say to_you_all children_your_all’s what the_ceremony the_this to_you_all.
27And_say [is]_a_sacrifice of_passover it to/for_YHWH who he_passed_over over the_houses of_the_people of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) in/on/at/with_Miʦrayim/(Egypt) in/on/at/with_struck_he DOM Miʦrayim and_DOM homes_our he_delivered and_bowed_down the_people and_worshiped.
28And_went and_they_made the_people of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) just_as he_had_commanded YHWH DOM Mosheh and_ʼAhₐron so they_did.

12:29 The death of all the oldest male offspring

29Then, in the middle of the night, Yahweh struck all the oldest males in Egypt, from the oldest son of Far’oh who sat on his throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner in the dungeon and all oldest male offspring of the animals.[ref] 30During the night, all the Egyptians got up, including Far’oh and all his servants. There was tremendous wailing throughout Egypt because it was a very rare house where there wasn’t someone dead. 31Far’oh called for Mosheh and Aharon in the night and told them, “Pack up and get out from among my people—you two and all the other Israelis. Go and serve Yahweh as you’ve said. 32Also take your flocks and your herds as you’ve said, and go. And bless me as well.

33The Egyptians urged the Israelis, hurrying to let them go from the land because they said, “We’re all dying.”

34So the people carried their bread dough before it could rise. Their bread-making bowls were wrapped in their clothes on their shoulders.

35The Israelis did everything that Mosheh had instructed them, including asking for items of gold and silver, and clothing from the Egyptians.[ref] 36Yahweh gave the people favour in the eyes of the Egyptians, so by their requests, they were able to strip the Egyptians of their wealth.

37Then the Israelis walked from Rameses toward Succoth—about 600,000 strong men on foot, not counting women and children. 38A large assortment of other people also went with them, along with large numbers of sheep and goats, and cattle.

39They baked the dough that they brought from Egypt into flat bread since it hadn’t had time to rise,[fn] because they were driven out of Egypt in a hurry and hadn’t had time to prepare food to take.

40The descendants of Yisra’el (Yacob) had lived in Egypt for 430 years[ref] 41to the day, because that very day was when all the various divisions of Yahweh’s people left Egypt. 42It was a time when they stayed awake all night as Yahweh took them out of Egypt—a night to be observed in that same way by every future generation.

29and_he/it_was in/on/at/with_middle the_night and_YHWH he_struck_down every firstborn in_land of_Miʦrayim from_firstborn of_Farˊoh the_sat on throne_his unto the_firstborn the_prisoner who in_house_of the_prison and_all/each/any/every firstborn of_livestock.
30And_he/it_rose_up Farˊoh night he and_all officials_his and_all Miʦrayim and_it_became a_cry great in/on/at/with_Miʦrayim if/because there_[was]_not a_house where there_[was]_not there a_dead_[person].
31And_he/it_called for_Mosheh and_to_ʼAhₐron night and_he/it_said arise go_out from_among people_my both you_all as_well_as the_people of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_go serve DOM YHWH as_said_you_all.
32Both flocks_your_all’s as_well_as herds_your_all’s take just_as you_all_said and_go and_bless also DOM_me.
33And_urged Miʦrayim on the_people to_hurry to_send_them from the_earth/land if/because they_said all_we [are]_about_to_die.
34And_took the_people DOM dough_their before it_was_leavened kneading_bowls_their [were]_bound_up in/on/at/with_cloaks_their on shoulders_their.
35And_the_sons of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) they_did as_word of_Mosheh and_asked from_Miʦrayim/(Egypt) articles of_silver and_objects of_gold and_clothing.
36And_YHWH he_gave DOM the_favour the_people in/on_both_eyes_of of_Miʦrayim and_asked_them and_plundered DOM Miʦrayim.
37and_journeyed the_people of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) from_Rameses Şukkōt_to about_six hundred(s) thousand foot_soldier[s] the_men to/for_beside from_children.
38And_also a_mixed_company numerous it_went_up with_them and_flocks and_herds livestock numerous very.
39And_baked DOM the_dough which they_had_brought_out from_Miʦrayim bread_cakes unleavened_bread(s) if/because not it_was_leavened if/because they_had_been_driven_out from_Miʦrayim and_not they_had_been_able to_delay and_also provision[s] not they_had_made to/for_them.
40And_time of_the_people of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) which they_dwelt in/on/at/with_Miʦrayim [was]_thirty year[s] and_four hundred(s) year[s].
41And_he/it_was from_the_end/extremity of_thirty year[s] and_four hundred(s) year[s] and_he/it_was in/on/at/with_very the_day the_this they_went_out all the_hosts of_YHWH from_land of_Miʦrayim.
42[was]_a_night of_vigil(s) it to/for_YHWH to_bring_out_them of_land of_Miʦrayim that the_night the_this to/for_YHWH [will_be]_vigil(s) to/from_all/each/any/every the_people of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) throughout_generations_their.

12:43 Instructions for observing the ‘pass-over’

43Then Yahweh told Mosheh and Aharon, “This is the statute of the ‘pass-over’: No foreigners may share in the meal that night, 44unless it’s a slave that you bought and who’s been circumcised 45no foreigner or hired helper can join in the meal. 46Each animal must be eaten in only one house—don’t take any of the meat outside. And don’t break any of the animals bones.[ref] 47Every Israeli must observe it, 48and if someone is living among you and wants to join in Yahweh’s ‘pass-over’, then every male in their family must be circumcised. Only then will they be allowed to observe it, and then they should be considered like a native of the land. No uncircumcised person may eat it. 49This one law will apply to both the natives, and those who live among you all.” 50All the Israelis followed those instructions that Yahweh had given through Mosheh and Aharon, 51and so on that very day, Yahweh took all the Israelis out of Egypt grouped by their family divisions.


12:39 Most modern readers probably visualise yeast bought from a supermarket when ‘leaven’ (or even ‘yeast’) is mentioned in a Bible translation. However, it’s much more likely that each day, a portion of the bread dough was set aside for the natural yeasts (think ‘sour dough’ bread) to accumulate, and then mixed into the new batch of dough the next day and left for the natural yeasts to work and rise the dough. The text here implies that it’s possible that the Hebrew word translated ‘unleavened’ really meant ‘unrisen’ on that first ‘pass-over’ night.


43and_he/it_said YHWH to Mosheh and_ʼAhₐron this [is]_the_statute the_passover any son of_foreignness not he_will_eat in/on/over_him/it.
44And_all slave of_anyone [the]_purchase of_silver and_circumcised DOM_him/it then he_will_eat in/on/over_him/it.
45A_resident_alien and_hired_worker not he_will_eat in/on/over_him/it.
46In/on/at/with_house one it_will_be_eaten not you_will_bring_out from the_house any_of the_meat outside_to and_bones not you_all_will_break in_him/it.
47All the_congregation of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) they_will_do DOM_him/it.
48And_because/when he_will_sojourn with_you a_sojourner and_celebrate a_passover to/for_YHWH he_will_be_circumcised to_him/it every male and_then he_will_draw_near to_celebrate_it and_it_was like_native the_earth/land and_all uncircumcised_[man] not he_will_eat in/on/over_him/it.
49Law one it_will_belong to_the_native and_for_the_alien the_resides in/on/at/with_midst_you_all.
50And_they_made all the_people of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) just_as he_had_commanded YHWH DOM Mosheh and ʼAhₐron so they_did.
51and_he/it_was in/on/at/with_very the_day the_this he_brought_out YHWH DOM the_people of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) of_land of_Miʦrayim/(Egypt) on hosts_their.

EXO 12 ©

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