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Tyndale Open Bible Dictionary

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RULER

The term represents a number of different functions and translates 13 Hebrew and 3 Greek words. In a political sense, a ruler was one who exercised political control over a state (2 Chr 7:18; Ps 105:20; Prv 23:1; 28:15; Eccl 10:4; Is 14:5; 16:1; 49:7; Jer 33:26; 51:46; Mi 5:2), or a state that exercised control over a subject people (Jgs 15:11). The usual term for ruler was “king,” but because of its unsavory associations, many in Israel preferred the Hebrew term translated “leader,” meaning “one placed in front.” For example, Samuel rejected the former term but used the latter (1 Sm 9:16; 10:1; 13:14; 25:30; 2 Sm 5:2; 6:21; 7:8). Other Hebrew words are translated “ruler” in the KJB. However, most modern translations prefer alternatives to this more generic term.

Show passage in OET: CH2 7:18

OET-RV CH2 7:18

18 then I’ll ensure that your descendants rule your kingdom, just as I promised your father David when I said, ‘You won’t fail to have one of your descendants ruling over Yisrael (Israel).’

OET-LV CH2 7:18

18 And_I_will_establish DOM the_throne_of your_kingdom_of_your just_as I_made to_Dāvid father_of_your to_say not it_will_be_cut_off to/for_yourself(m) a_man who_rules over_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
Show passage in OET: PSA 105:20

OET-RV PSA 105:20

20 Then the king sent servants to release him.
 ⇔ ≈ The people’s ruler set him free.

OET-LV PSA 105:20

20 A_king he_sent and_he_set_him_free a_ruler_of peoples and_he_set_him_free.
Show passage in OET: PRO 23:1

OET-RV PRO 23:1

23 When you sit down to eat with a political leader,
 ⇔ pay attention to what’s in front of you,

OET-LV PRO 23:1

23 If/because you_will_sit_down to_eat with a_ruler carefully_(consider) you_will_consider DOM that_which is_before_of_you.
Show passage in OET: PRO 28:15

OET-RV PRO 28:15

15 ⇔A wicked ruler over struggling people,
 ⇔ is like a lion roaring or a bear attacking.

OET-LV PRO 28:15

15 Is_a_lion roaring and_a_bear rushing a_ruler wicked over a_people poor.
Show passage in OET: ECC 10:4

OET-RV ECC 10:4

4 If a ruler gets upset with you, don’t quit your position,
 ⇔ because calmness will smooth over large offenses.

OET-LV ECC 10:4

4 If the_spirit_of the_ruler it_will_go_up towards_you place_of_your do_not leave if/because health it_will_cause_to_rest sins great.
Show passage in OET: ISA 14:5

OET-RV ISA 14:5

5 Yahweh has broken the wicked peoples’ staff,
 ⇔ ≈ the golden rod of the rulers.

OET-LV ISA 14:5

5 YHWH he_has_broken the_staff_of wicked_people the_scepter_of rulers.
Show passage in OET: ISA 16:1

OET-RV ISA 16:1

16 Send a ram to Yehudah’s (Judah’s) ruler
 ⇔ from Sela in the wilderness to the mountain of the daughter of Tsiyon (Zion).

OET-LV ISA 16:1

16 Send a_lamb the_ruler_of the_land from_Şelaˊ wilderness_to_the to the_mountain_of the_daughter_of Tsiyyōn/(Zion).
Show passage in OET: ISA 49:7

OET-RV ISA 49:7

 ⇔  7 Yahweh, Yisrael’s holy one,
 ⇔ the one who paid the price for their freedom
 ⇔ says to the one whose life is despised,
 ⇔ the one who’s hated by the nations—a slave of rulers:
 ⇔ ‘Kings will see and stand up,
 ⇔ and princes will bow down
 ⇔ on account of Yahweh who is faithful—Yisrael’s holy one
 ⇔ because he has chosen you.’

OET-LV ISA 49:7

7 Thus YHWH the_redeemer_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) its_holy_of_one he_says to_despise life to_one_who_abhors_of (of)_a_nation to_a_servant_of rulers kings they_will_see and_ princes _they_will_stand_up and_they_will_bow_down on_account_of YHWH who is_reliable the_holy_one_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_he_has_chosen_you.
Show passage in OET: JER 33:26

OET-RV JER 33:26

26 In the same way, would I now reject Ya’akov’s (Jacob’s) descendants and not bring a ruler for the descendants of Avraham, Yitshak (Isaac), and Ya’akov out of them. No, because I’ll restore their fortunes and show mercy towards them.

OET-LV JER 33:26

26 Also the_offspring_of Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) and_Dāvid servant_of_my I_will_reject from_taking any_of_his_offspring rulers to the_offspring_of ʼAⱱrāhām Yiʦḩāq/(Isaac) and_Yaˊₐqoⱱ if/because I_will_turn_back DOM captivity_of_their and_I_will_have_compassion_on_them.
Show passage in OET: JER 51:46

OET-RV JER 51:46

46 Don’t be discouraged or afraid due to the report that’s heard in the land,
 ⇔ as there’ll be a report one year and the again the year after.
 ⇔ There’ll be violence will in the world—ruler will be against ruler.

OET-LV JER 51:46

46 And_lest heart_of_your(pl) it_should_be_timid and_you(pl)_should_fear at_report which_is_heard on_the_earth and_it_will_come in_year the_report and_after_it in_year the_report and_violence on_the_earth and_ruler will_be_on ruler.
Show passage in OET: MIC 5:2

OET-RV MIC 5:2

2 But you, Beyt-Lehem (Bethlehem) Efratah,
 ⇔ even though you’re insignificant among Yehudah’s (Judah’s) clans,
 ⇔ out of you, one will come to me to rule in Yisrael (Israel),
 ⇔ whose beginning is from ancient times—
 ⇔ ≈ from everlasting.

OET-LV MIC 5:1

5  And_you(ms) Oh_Bēyt- leḩem ʼEfrātāh are_insignificant to_be among_the_families_of Yəhūdāh/(Judah) from_you to_me someone_will_go_out to_be ruler over_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_origins_of_his from_east from_days_of antiquity.
Show passage in OET: JDG 15:11

OET-RV JDG 15:11

11 Then three thousand men from Yehudah went down to the crevice in Eytam’s rock, and told Shimshon, “Don’t you realise that the Pelishtim are ruling over us? Why are you causing more trouble for us?”
 ¶ “Just as they’ve done to me,” he replied, “so I’ve done to them.”

OET-LV JDG 15:11

11 And_ three_of thousand(s) man of_Yəhūdāh _they_went_down to the_cleft_of the_rock_of ˊĒyţām and_they_said to_Shimshvōn not do_you_know if/because_that are_ruling over_us the_Pəlishtiy and_what this have_you_done to/for_ourselves and_he/it_said to/for_them just_as they_did to_me so I_have_done to/for_them.
Show passage in OET: SA1 9:16

OET-RV SA1 9:16

16 “About this time tomorrow, I’ll send a Benyamite man to you, and you should anoint him to be ruler over my people Yisrael. He will rescue my people from the Pelishtim, because I’ve noticed my people because I heard their cries.”

OET-LV SA1 9:16

16 About_time tomorrow I_will_send to_you a_man from_the_land_of Binyāmīn and_you_will_anoint_him to_ruler over people_of_my Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_he_will_deliver DOM people_of_my from_the_hand_of the_Pəlishtiy if/because I_have_seen DOM people_of_my if/because of_distress_of_its_cry it_has_come to_me.
Show passage in OET: SA1 10:1

OET-RV SA1 10:1

10 Then Shmuel took a flask of oil, and poured it on Sha’ul’s head and kissed him, and told him, “It’s Yahweh who has anointed you to be ruler over his chosen people.

OET-LV SA1 10:1

10 And_ Shəmūʼēl _he/it_took DOM the_flask_of (the)_oil and_he_poured_it on his/its_head and_he_kissed_him and_he/it_said am_not that/for/because/then/when he_has_anointed_you YHWH over inheritance_of_his to_ruler.
Show passage in OET: SA1 13:14

OET-RV SA1 13:14

14 But now your kingdom won’t survive. Yahweh has found a man who’s loyal to him and he’s commanded that man to lead his people, because you haven’t obeyed him.

OET-LV SA1 13:14

14 And_now kingdom_of_your not it_will_endure YHWH he_has_sought to_him/it a_man according_to_of_his_own_heart and_he_has_appointed_him YHWH to_ruler over people_of_his if/because not you_have_kept DOM that_which he_commanded_you YHWH.
Show passage in OET: SA1 25:30

OET-RV SA1 25:30

30 If Yahweh does all the good things he’s promised for my master, then in time you’ll become Yisrael’s (Israel’s) ruler.

OET-LV SA1 25:30

30 And_it_was if/because YHWH he_will_do to_master_of_my according_to_all that he_has_spoken DOM the_good on_you and_he_has_appointed_you to_ruler over Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
Show passage in OET: SA2 5:2

OET-RV SA2 5:2

2 In the past when Sha’ul (Saul) was our king, you were the one who actually showed leadership of the people. Yahweh has already told you that you will shepherd Yisrael and become our king.”

OET-LV SA2 5:2

2 Both yesterday as_well_as three_days_ago when_was Shāʼūl/(Saul) king over_us you you_were the_one_who_led_out and_the DOM Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_ YHWH _he/it_said to/for_yourself(m) you you_will_shepherd DOM people_of_my DOM Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_you(ms) you_will_become (into)_ruler over Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
Show passage in OET: SA2 6:21

OET-RV SA2 6:21

21 “It was to thank Yahweh,” David responded, “who chose me (rather than your father and any of his family) by appointing me as leader over Yahweh’s people Yisrael. I was celebrating in front of Yahweh

OET-LV SA2 6:21

21 And_ Dāvid _he/it_said to Mīkāl to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH who he_chose (in)_me more_than_of_your_father and_more_than_all_of household_of_his to_appoint DOM_me ruler over the_people_of YHWH over Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_I_will_play to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH.
Show passage in OET: SA2 7:8

OET-RV SA2 7:8

8 “But now you should tell my servant David that Commander-in-chief Yahweh says, ‘I myself took you out of the grass field where you looked after the sheep and goats to become the leader of my people the Israelis.

OET-LV SA2 7:8

8 And_now thus you_will_say to_servant_of_my to_Dāvid thus YHWH soldiers/messengers he_says I I_took_you from the_pasture from_after the_flock to_be ruler over people_of_my over Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).

Jump to OET CH2 7:18 section.

Jump to OET PSA 105:20 section.

Jump to OET PRO 23:1 section.

Jump to OET PRO 28:15 section.

Jump to OET ECC 10:4 section.

Jump to OET ISA 14:5 section.

Jump to OET ISA 16:1 section.

Jump to OET ISA 49:7 section.

Jump to OET JER 33:26 section.

Jump to OET JER 51:46 section.

Jump to OET MIC 5:2 section.

Jump to OET JDG 15:11 section.

Jump to OET SA1 9:16 section.

Jump to OET SA1 10:1 section.

Jump to OET SA1 13:14 section.

Jump to OET SA1 25:30 section.

Jump to OET SA2 5:2 section.

Jump to OET SA2 6:21 section.

Jump to OET SA2 7:8 section.

In the NT the Greek word regularly translated “ruler” refers to administrative or religious leaders (in various modern versions, see Mt 9:18, 23 OET MAT 9:18 · OET MAT 9:23; Lk 8:41; 18:18; 23:35; 24:20; Jn 3:1; 7:26, 48 OET JHN 7:26 · OET JHN 7:48; 12:31; Acts 3:17; 4:5, 26 OET ACT 4:5 · OET ACT 4:26; 7:27, 35 OET ACT 7:27 · OET ACT 7:35; 13:27; 14:5; 16:19; 23:5; Rom 13:3). Ephesians 6:12 mentions the rulers of the darkness of this world.

Show passage in OET: MAT 9:18; MAT 9:23

OET-RV MAT 9:18

18 While Yeshua (Jesus; Grk. Yesus) was speaking to them, an official came and bowed to him, saying, “My daughter’s just passed away, but come and put your hand on her, and she’ll revive.

OET-RV MAT 9:23

23 Now when Yeshua went into the official’s house, he saw the funeral musicians and the distressed people,

OET-LV MAT 9:18

18 Of_him speaking these things to_them, see, one ruler having_approached, he_was_prostrating to_him saying, that The daughter of_me now died, but having_come, lay_on the hand of_you on her and she_will_be_living.

OET-LV MAT 9:23

23 And the Yaʸsous having_come into the house of_the ruler, and having_seen the flute_players and the crowd being_distressed
Show passage in OET: LUK 8:41

OET-RV LUK 8:41

41 Then, wow, a man named Yair (Jairus) came and knelt down in front of Yeshua. He was the leader at the local Jewish meeting hall and he pleaded for Yeshua to come to his house

OET-LV LUK 8:41

41 And see, a_man came to_whose name was Yaeiros, and this one was_being a_ruler of_the synagogue, and having_fallen before the feet of_Yaʸsous, he_was_imploring him to_come_in to the house of_him,
Show passage in OET: LUK 18:18

OET-RV LUK 18:18

18 One time a local leader asked Yeshua (Jesus; Grk. Yesus), “Good teacher, what do I need to do to gain eternal life?”

OET-LV LUK 18:18

18 And a_certain ruler asked him saying:
Good Teacher, having_done what, I_will_be_inheriting life eternal?
Show passage in OET: LUK 23:35

OET-RV LUK 23:35

35 The people observing were standing there, and some of the Jewish leaders were there too, sneering at him and saying, “He saved others, so now if he’s God’s son, the chosen messiah, let him save himself.”

OET-LV LUK 23:35

35 And the people observing had_stood.
and the rulers they_were_sneering_at him also saying, he_saved others, let_him_save himself, if this is the chosen_one/messiah, the son of_ the _god, the chosen one.
Show passage in OET: LUK 24:20

OET-RV LUK 24:20

20 The chief priests and our rulers handed him over to be sentenced to death, and he was executed on a post.

OET-LV LUK 24:20

20 and how the chief_priests and the rulers of_us gave_ him _over, to judgement of_death, and they_executed_on_a_stake him.
Show passage in OET: JHN 3:1

OET-RV JHN 3:1

3 After dark one evening, a Jewish leader named Nikodemos who was a member of the Farisaios party

OET-LV JHN 3:1

3 And was a_man of the Farisaios_party, Nikodaʸmos the_name to_him, a_ruler of_the Youdaiōns,
Show passage in OET: JHN 7:26; JHN 7:48

OET-RV JHN 7:26

26 Well, here he is teaching in public, yet they’re not even confronting him. Perhaps the leaders know that he really is the messiah?

OET-RV JHN 7:48

48 “None of our leaders or any of us Farisaios believe that he’s from God.

OET-LV JHN 7:26

26 And see, he_is_speaking in_public, and are_saying nothing to_him.
Perhaps the rulers knew that this truly is the chosen_one/messiah?

OET-LV JHN 7:48

48 Not anyone of the rulers believed in him, or of the Farisaios_party?
Show passage in OET: JHN 12:31

OET-RV JHN 12:31

31 This world is about to be judged and its ruler will be thrown out,

OET-LV JHN 12:31

31 Now is the_judgement of_ the this _world, now the ruler of_ the this _world will_be_being_thrown_out out.
Show passage in OET: ACT 3:17

OET-RV ACT 3:17

17 So now, friends, I know that you did all that in ignorance, just like your leaders,

OET-LV ACT 3:17

17 And now, brothers, I_have_known that you_all_did in ignorance, as also the rulers of_you_all.
Show passage in OET: ACT 4:5; ACT 4:26

OET-RV ACT 4:5

5 Then the next day, the religious leaders and the elders and the religious teachers gathered together in Yerushalem (Jerusalem)

OET-RV ACT 4:26

26 The earthly kings and rulers stood and worked together against Yahweh and against his messiah.’

OET-LV ACT 4:5

5 And it_became on the_ next _day the rulers of_them, and the elders, and the scribes to_be_gathered_together in Hierousalaʸm/(Yərūshālayim),

OET-LV ACT 4:26

26 Standing_before the kings of_the earth and the rulers were_gathered_together with the themselves against the master, and against the chosen_one/messiah of_him.
Show passage in OET: ACT 7:27; ACT 7:35

OET-RV ACT 7:27

27 But the bullying one pushed him away and said, ‘Who made you the judge over us?

OET-RV ACT 7:35

35 This was the same Mosheh that they had previously rejected and asked who had made him ruler and judge over them. Now God had indeed sent him as ruler and liberator by means of the messenger that he saw in the thorn bush.

OET-LV ACT 7:27

27 But the one injuring your neighbour pushed_ him _away having_said:
Who appointed you ruler and judge over us?

OET-LV ACT 7:35

35 This the Mōsaʸs, whom they_disowned having_said:
Who you appointed ruler and judge?
This man the god has_sent_out ruler and redeemer, with the_hand of_the_messenger which having_been_seen by_him in the thorn_bush.
Show passage in OET: ACT 13:27

OET-RV ACT 13:27

27 The people of Yerushalem (Jerusalem) and their religious leaders didn’t recognise this Yeshua, but by their judgement of him they fulfilled the words of the prophets that are read every Rest Day.

OET-LV ACT 13:27

27 For/Because the ones dwelling in Hierousalaʸm/(Yərūshālayim) and the rulers of_them, having_not_known this one and the voices of_the prophets, who being_read on every day_of_rest, having_judged him they_fulfilled them.
Show passage in OET: ACT 14:5

OET-RV ACT 14:5

5 At one point, both the non-Jews and the strict Yehudim and their leaders got worked up enough to come in order to attack them and throw rocks to kill them.

OET-LV ACT 14:5

5 And when an_impulse both of_the pagans and Youdaiōns with the rulers of_them became, to_mistreat and to_throw_stones at_them,
Show passage in OET: ACT 16:19

OET-RV ACT 16:19

19 But when her masters realised that their profitable business was about to come to an end, they grabbed Paulos and Silas and dragged them to the authorities at the marketplace.

OET-LV ACT 16:19

19 But the masters of_her having_seen that the hope of_the business of_them, going_out, having_taken_hold_of the Paulos and the Silas, they_dragged them into the marketplace before the rulers,
Show passage in OET: ACT 23:5

OET-RV ACT 23:5

5 “Brothers,” said Paulos, “I didn’t realise that he’s the chief priest, because the scriptures teach us not to speak wrongly of our leaders.”

OET-LV ACT 23:5

5 And the Paulos was_saying:
I_had_ not _known, brothers, that he_is a_chief_priest, because/for it_has_been_written, that you_˓will˒_ not _be_speaking wrongly A_ruler of_the people of_you.
Show passage in OET: ROM 13:3

OET-RV ROM 13:3

3 because rulers don’t evoke fear in people doing good, just those doing evil. Oh, so you don’t want to be afraid of the authorities? Then do good, and you’ll receive praise from them instead,

OET-LV ROM 13:3

3 For/Because the rulers not are a_fear the to_good work, but the to_evil.
And you_are_wanting not to_be_fearing the authority?
The good be_practicing, and you_will_be_having praise from him.
Show passage in OET: EPH 6:12

OET-RV EPH 6:12

12 Our struggle isn’t against people, but against rulers, authorities, the powers of this world’s darkness, and the spiritual forces of wickedness in heavenly places.

OET-LV EPH 6:12

12 Because is not to_us the wrestling against blood and flesh, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the world_rulers of_ the this _darkness, against the spiritual of_ the _wickedness in the heavenly realms.

Jump to OET MAT 9:18 section. · OET MAT 9:23 section.

Jump to OET LUK 8:41 section.

Jump to OET LUK 18:18 section.

Jump to OET LUK 23:35 section.

Jump to OET LUK 24:20 section.

Jump to OET JHN 3:1 section.

Jump to OET JHN 7:26 section. · OET JHN 7:48 section.

Jump to OET JHN 12:31 section.

Jump to OET ACT 3:17 section.

Jump to OET ACT 4:5 section. · OET ACT 4:26 section.

Jump to OET ACT 7:27 section. · OET ACT 7:35 section.

Jump to OET ACT 13:27 section.

Jump to OET ACT 14:5 section.

Jump to OET ACT 16:19 section.

Jump to OET ACT 23:5 section.

Jump to OET ROM 13:3 section.

Jump to OET EPH 6:12 section.

See also King.