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unfoldingWord Greek Grammar ⌂

Adverb

Summary

An adverb is a word that describes a verb, or sometimes describes a sentence as a whole.

Article

In Koiné Greek, adverbs can be formed from any number of different kinds of word endings. However, any one particular adverb usually has only one single form that is always used.

Describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb

There are several different ways that an adverb can describe a verb.

describes a place or location

A locative adverb describes something about the place or location where the action of the verb happens.

Example AD-1 Locative adverbs

Locative Matthew 8:29
ἦλθες ὧδε πρὸ καιροῦ βασανίσαι ἡμᾶς
ēlthes hōde pro kairou basanisai hēmas
have you come here before time to torment us

Have you come here to torment us before the set time?

Example AD-2 Locative Matthew 2:15

Locative Matthew 2:15
καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ ἕως τῆς τελευτῆς Ἡρῴδου
kai ēn ekei heōs tēs teleutēs Hērōdou
and he was there until the death of Herod

and he was there until the death of Herod.

Example AD-3 Locative Mark 15:38

Locative Mark 15:38
καὶ τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ ἐσχίσθη εἰς δύο ἀπ’ ἄνωθεν ἕως κάτω
kai to katapetasma tou naou eschisthē eis dyo ap’ anōthen heōs katō
and the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom

And the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom.

describes time

A temporal adverb describes something about the time when the action of the verb happens.

Example AD-4 Temporal Mark 10:30

Temporal Mark 10:30
ἐὰν μὴ λάβῃ ἑκατονταπλασίονα νῦν ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ
ean mē labē hekatontaplasiona nyn en tō kairō toutō
if not he will receive a hundred times as much now in the time this

he will not receive a hundred times as much now in this time

Matthew 4:17 Ἀπὸ τότε ἤρξατο ὁ Ἰησοῦς κηρύσσειν καὶ λέγειν

Matthew 17:12 λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν ὅτι Ἠλίας ἤδη ἦλθεν

describes quantity

A quantitative adverb describes an amount of something in relation to the action of the verb.

Matthew 2:10 ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα.

Mark 6:51 καὶ λίαν [bt]ἐκ περισσοῦ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς [bu]ἐξίσταντο

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describes manner of action

An adverb of manner describes something about how the action of the verb happens.

John 20:4 καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητὴς προέδραμεν τάχιον τοῦ Πέτρου

Matthew 15:7 ὑποκριταί, καλῶς ἐπροφήτευσεν περὶ ὑμῶν Ἠσαΐας

Luke 2:13 καὶ ἐξαίφνης ἐγένετο σὺν τῷ ἀγγέλῳ πλῆθος στρατιᾶς [h]οὐρανίου

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Describes an entire clause or sentence

A sentential adverb describes an entire clause or sentence rather than an individual verb. Sentential adverbs are closely related to conjunctions.

Matthew 7:5 καὶ τότε διαβλέψεις ἐκβαλεῖν τὸ κάρφος ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου

Matthew 26:65 ἴδε νῦν ἠκούσατε τὴν [as]βλασφημίαν

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Matthew 7:5 ἔκβαλε πρῶτον [b]ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ σοῦ τὴν δοκόν