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ECCC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C10C11C12

LEB ECC Chapter 3

ECC 3 ©

God Has Ordained the Ebb and Flow of Human Activities

3For everything there is an appointed time, a time for every matter under heaven:

9What does the worker gain in his toil?

No One Understands God’s Mysterious Plan

10I have seen the busyness God gives to humans[fn] to preoccupy[fn] them. 11He has made everything suitable in its time. He also has put the past[fn] in their hearts, yet no one can grasp what God does from the beginning to the end. 12So I realized that there is nothing better[fn] for them than to rejoice and enjoy themselves[fn] during their lives. 13And for anyone to eat and drink, that is, to enjoy the fruit of all his toil,[fn] this also is a gift of God.

God’s Mysterious Plan Allows Injustice to Exist in the World

16I saw something else under the sun: instead of justice there was evil; instead of righteousness there was wickedness. 17So I said to myself,[fn] “God will surely judge the righteous and the wicked, for he has appointed[fn] a time of judgment for every deed and every work.”

18I said to myself concerning humans,[fn] “God sifts[fn] them in order to show[fn] them that they are like beasts.” 19For the fate of humans[fn] and the fate of the beast is the same.[fn] The death of the one is like the death of the other, for both are mortal.[fn] Man has no advantage over the beast, for both are fleeting. 20Both go to one place—both came from dust and both return to dust. 21For no one knows whether the spirit of a human ascends to heaven and whether the spirit of the beast descends to the ground!

22So I concluded that there is nothing better for a person than to enjoy the fruit of his labor, for this is his lot in life. For no one knows what will happen in the future.[fn]


3:1 Or “a time to be born”; MT reads the active form “to bear children

3:10 Literally “the sons of the man”

3:10 Or “to be busy”

3:11 Literally “eternity”

3:12 Literally “no good”

3:12 Literally “to rejoice and to do good”

3:13 Literally “to see good in all his toil”

3:13 Or “they”

3:13 Literally “God seeks what is pursued”

3:17 Literally “in my heart”

3:17 The MT reads שָׁם “there,” but repointing to שָׂם, “he has appointed,” makes better sense

3:18 Literally “the sons of the man”

3:18 Or “tests”

3:18 The MT reads active “to see,” but causative “to show” is reflected by LXX, Syriac Peshitta, and Latin Vulgate

3:19 Literally “the sons of the man”

3:19 Literally “is one”

3:19 Literally “and one breath is for all”

3:22 Literally “For who can bring him to see in what will be after him?”

ECC 3 ©

ECCC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C10C11C12