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OET by section GEN 21:8

GEN 21:8–21:21 ©

Hagar is expelled with Ishma’el

This is still a very early look into the unfinished text of the Open English Translation of the Bible. Please double-check the text in advance before using in public.

Readers’ Version

Literal Version 

21:8 Hagar is expelled with Ishma’el

8The child grew and was weaned, and Abraham held a large feast on the day Yitshak was weaned.

9But Sarah noticed that Ishma’el (the son of Hagar the Egyptian who she had given birth to for Abraham) was mocking, 10so Sarah said to Abraham, “Get rid of that slave woman and her son, because that slave woman’s son won’t be inheriting anything along with my son Yitshak.”[ref] 11Now this stressed out Abraham who also cared for that son, 12but God told him, “Don’t get distressed because of the boy and your slave woman. Listen to what Sarah’s telling you, because it’s in Yitshak that your descendants will be called yours.[ref] 13But I’ll also make the descendants of the slave woman’s son into a nation, because he’s also your son.”

14Abraham got up early the next morning, and got some bread and a skin of water and helped Hagar put them on her shoulder. Then he gave her the child and sent her away, and she left and wandered in the wilderness around Beersheba. 15But when the water from the skin was gone, she threw the child under one of the bushes, 16and she went and she went a short distance away (about as far as a bow can shoot an arrow) and sat down there, because she said, “I don’t want to watch my child die.” And as she sat at a distance, she sobbed loudly.

17Now God heard the boy’s voice, so one of God’s messengers called Hagar from heaven and said to her, “What’s the matter, Hagar? Don’t be afraid, because God has heard the boy’s voice over there. 18Get up and get the boy and hold on to him by the hand, because I’ll make his descendants into a great nation.” 19Then God enabled her to see a well, so she went and filled the skin with water and gave the boy a drink.

20As the boy grew up, God kept watch over him, and he lived in the wilderness and became an expert with the bow and arrow. 21He settled in the Paran wilderness, and in due course his mother found an Egyptian girl for him to marry.


8And_grew the_child and_weaned and_he/it_made ʼAⱱrāhām a_feast great in/on_day was_weaned DOM Yiʦḩāq/(Isaac).
9And_she/it_saw Sārāh DOM the_son of_Hāgār the_from_Miʦrayim/(Miʦrayim/(Egypt)) whom she_had_borne to_ʼAⱱrāhām mocking.
10And_she/it_said to_ʼAⱱrāhām drive_out the_slave_woman the_this and_DOM son_her if/because not he_will_inherit the_son the_slave_woman the_this with son_my with Yiʦḩāq/(Isaac).
11And_was_distressing the_matter exceedingly in/on_both_eyes_of of_ʼAⱱrāhām on the_causes his/its_son.
12And_he/it_said god to ʼAⱱrāhām not let_it_be_displeasing in/on/at/with_eyes_of_you on the_boy and_because_of your(ms)_female_slave all that she_says to_you Sārāh listen in/on/at/with_voice_of_her if/because in/on/at/with_Yiʦḩāq/(Isaac) it_will_be_named to/for_yourself(m) offspring.
13And_also DOM the_son the_slave_woman to_(a)_nation make_him if/because your(ms)_seed/fruit he.
14And_rose_early ʼAⱱrāhām in/on/at/with_morning and_he/it_took food and_skin of_water and_he/it_gave to Hāgār placing on shoulder_her and_DOM the_boy and_sent_away_her and_departed and_wandered in/on/at/with_wilderness wwww wwww.
15And_gone the_waters from the_skin and_put DOM the_boy under one the_bushes.
16And_went and_sat_down to/for_her/it by_near at_a_distance about_ones_shooting_of of_a_bow if/because she_said not let_me_look in/on/at/with_die the_boy and_sat by_near and_lifted_up DOM voice_her and_wept.
17And_he/it_listened god DOM the_sound the_boy and_he/it_called the_angel of_god to Hāgār from the_heavens and_he/it_said to/for_her/it what with_you Oh_Hāgār do_not be_afraid if/because he_has_listened god to the_sound the_boy in/on/at/with_where he [is]_there.
18Arise lift_up DOM the_boy and_take DOM hand_your in/on/over_him/it if/because to_(a)_nation great make_him.
19And_opened god DOM eyes_her and_she/it_saw a_well of_water and_went and_filled DOM the_skin water and_gave_adrink DOM the_boy.
20And_he/it_was god with the_boy and_grew and_he/it_sat_down//remained//lived in/on/at/with_wilderness and_he/it_was a_shooter a_bowman.
21And_he/it_sat_down//remained//lived in/on/at/with_wilderness of_Paran and_got to_him/it his/its_mother a_wife from_land of_Miʦrayim/(Egypt).

BMMBibleMapper.com Maps:
Map

Nomadic Range of Ishmael’s Descendants

Genesis 21:1-21; 25:1-18; 1 Chronicles 5:3-22

The book of Genesis twice records the origin of the Ishmaelites, who were descended from Ishmael, the son of Abraham by Sarah’s handmaiden Hagar. Ishmael lived in the wilderness of Paran (Genesis 21:20-21), and his descendants eventually ranged from Shur near Egypt all the way around to Havilah on the Arabian peninsula (Genesis 25:12-18), as shown on this map that depicts the region around the time of the Judges. Yet the term Ishmaelite also appears to have referred in a more general sense to any of the nomadic groups that roamed the deserts of Sinai and Arabia, because the Midianites (another group descended from Abraham by his second wife Keturah; Genesis 25:1-2) are twice referred to as Ishmaelites: once when Joseph is sold to a group of Midianite traders traveling from Gilead to Egypt (Genesis 37:28-36), and again when Gideon is collecting gold earrings from the spoil taken from the Midianites (Judges 8:24). Likewise, the term Hagrites, (likely meaning those descended from Hagar), is applied at times to a tribal group that appears to have been among those descended from Ishmael, but in 1 Chronicles 27:30 the terms Ishmaelite and Hagrite are applied to two different people, indicating that the terms were not synonymous. Twelve tribes are specifically listed by Genesis as descending from Ishmael, similar to how Israel was reckoned as being comprised of twelve tribes descended from a single patriarch (Genesis 35:23-26). While some of the Ishmaelite tribes achieved political dominance during certain periods of biblical history, the twelve tribes never operated as a single, unified nation. The physical boundaries of each Ishmaelite tribe’s nomadic range is difficult to establish with much certainty, partially because nomads, by definition, continually move to new lands as needed to feed their flocks. Even so, a few clues from Scripture and other ancient sources point to the likely general range for each tribe, as shown on this map.

Nebaioth has often been speculated to be the same tribe that was later called the Nabateans, but the variance in the Hebrew spelling between the two names makes this identification unlikely. Rather, they were probably the Nabaiate of Assyrian documents, which mention them in close association with the tribe of Kedar. Nebaioth and Kedar are also mentioned together in Isaiah 60:7.

Kedar, the most prominent and powerful of the Ishmaelite tribes, lay to the southeast of Israel, and this is confirmed by Jeremiah’s comment in Jeremiah 2:10 that speaks of Cyprus and Kedar as lying on opposite sides of Israel. Kedar attained significant political strength during the ninth century B.C. until they were absorbed into the Nabatean empire in the first century B.C.

Adbeel was likely a tribe known by the Akkadians as the Idibilu, who were eventually conquered by Tiglath-pileser III of Assyria and employed to guard the approaches to Egypt’s borders.

Mibsam may be named after the word for “sweet odor,” suggesting that they may have been one of the people groups of western Arabia who produced world-renowned incense and transported it to ports along the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

Mishma may have been centered around a mountain called Jebel Mishma today.

Dumah was likely centered around the ancient Arabian city by the same name.

Massa was known to the Assyrians as Mas’a, and they were forced to pay tribute to Tiglath-pileser III. Ptolemy knew the tribe as the Masanoi and located them to the northeast of Dumah.

Hadad is somewhat unknown in ancient sources, although today there is an Arabian tribe named Hadad that are mostly Christians, and they are located throughout the Levant.

Tema was no doubt centered around the city by the same name, and it was located near the rival oasis of Dedan. King Nabonidus of Babylon made Tema his headquarters as he gained control over the other Arabian desert oases (see Jeremiah 49:28; also see “Oases of the Arabian Desert” map).

Jetur was likely located northeast of Gilead, because 1 Chronicles 5:18-22 records how the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh attacked Jetur and the tribe of Naphish, captured many of them and their livestock, and occupied their territory until the time of the exile. By the time of Jesus, this tribe was known as the Itureans and had captured land just north of Israel.

Naphish was likely located just east of Gilead, because the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh attacked them and the tribe of Jetur and occupied their territory until the time of the exile (1 Chronicles 5:18-22).

Kedemah may have been located near the Reubenite town of Kedemoth.

Though Scripture sometimes refers to various tribes of Ishmael as enemies of Israel (1 Chronicles 5:18-22; Psalm 83:5-8), Isaiah also prophesied to Israel of a glorious day coming when “all the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered to you, the rams of Nebaioth shall minister to you; they shall be acceptable on my altar, and I will glorify my glorious house” (Isaiah 60:7).

GEN 21:8–21:21 ©

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