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Key: khaki:verbs.
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BrLXXἈνέστη δὲ Ἁβραὰμ τὸ πρωῒ, καὶ ἔλαβεν ἄρτους καὶ ἀσκὸν ὕδατος, καὶ ἔδωκεν τῇ Ἄγαρ· καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τὸν ὦμον αὐτῆς τὸ παιδίον, καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτήν· Ἀπελθοῦσα δὲ ἐπλανᾶτο κατὰ τὴν ἔρημον, κατὰ τὸ φρέαρ τοῦ ὅρκου. (Anestaʸ de Habraʼam to prōi, kai elaben artous kai askon hudatos, kai edōken taʸ Agar; kai epethaʸken epi ton ōmon autaʸs to paidion, kai apesteilen autaʸn; Apelthousa de eplanato kata taʸn eraʸmon, kata to frear tou horkou. )
BrTrAnd Abraam rose up in the morning and took loaves and a skin of water, and gave them to Agar, and he put the child on her shoulder, and sent her away, and she having departed wandered in the wilderness [fn]near the well of the oath.
ULTThen Abraham got up early in the morning, and took bread and a skin of water and gave them to Hagar, putting them on her shoulder. Then he gave her the child and sent her away, and she left and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba.
USTEarly the next morning Abraham got up, brought some food and a leather container full of water to Hagar and put them on her back. Then he sent her off with the boy, and they left and wandered around in the desert near the city of Beersheba.
BSB § Early in the morning, Abraham got up, took bread and a skin of water, put them on Hagar’s shoulders, and sent her away with the boy. She left and wandered in the Wilderness of Beersheba.
OEBThen Abraham got up early in the morning and took bread and a skin of water and gave it to Hagar, and he put the boy upon her shoulder and sent her away. So she departed and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba.
WEBBEAbraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread and a container of water, and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder; and gave her the child, and sent her away. She departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba.
NETEarly in the morning Abraham took some food and a skin of water and gave them to Hagar. He put them on her shoulders, gave her the child, and sent her away. So she went wandering aimlessly through the wilderness of Beer Sheba.
LSVAnd Abraham rises early in the morning, and takes bread, and a bottle of water, and gives to Hagar (placing [it] on her shoulder), also the boy, and sends her out; and she goes on, and goes astray in the wilderness of Beer-Sheba;
FBVAbraham got up early the next morning. He packed up some food and a skin of water which he gave to Hagar, putting them on her shoulder. Then he sent her and the boy away. She left and wandered through the Desert of Beersheba.
T4TSo Abraham got up early the next morning. He got some food ready, put water in a container, and gave them to Hagar. He put them in a bag on her shoulder and sent them away. ¶ They wandered in the desert near Beersheba town.
LEBThen Abraham rose up early in the morning and took bread and a skin of water and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder. And he sent her away with the child, and she went, wandering about in the wilderness, in Beersheba.
BBEAnd early in the morning Abraham got up, and gave Hagar some bread and a water-skin, and put the boy on her back, and sent her away: and she went, wandering in the waste land of Beer-sheba.
JPSAnd Abraham arose up early in the morning, and took bread and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away; and she departed, and strayed in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.
ASVAnd Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and gave her the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.
DRASo Abraham rose up in the morning, and taking bread and a bottle of water, put it upon her shoulder, and delivered the boy, and sent her away. And she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Bersabee.
YLTAnd Abraham riseth early in the morning, and taketh bread, and a bottle of water, and giveth unto Hagar (placing [it] on her shoulder), also the lad, and sendeth her out; and she goeth on, and goeth astray in the wilderness of Beer-Sheba;
DrbyAnd Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a flask of water, and gave [it] to Hagar, putting [it] on her shoulder — and the child, and sent her away. And she departed, and wandered about in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.
RVAnd Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.
WbstrAnd Abraham rose early in the morning, and took bread, and a bottle of water, and gave it to Hagar (putting it on her shoulder) and the child, and sent her away; and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.
KJB-1769And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.
KJB-1611And Abraham rose vp earely in the morning, and tooke bread, and a bottle of water, and gaue it vnto Hagar, (putting it on her shoulder,) and the child, and sent her away: and shee departed, and wandered in the wildernesse of Beer-sheba. (Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from punctuation)
BshpsAnd so Abraham rose vp early in the mornyng, and tooke bread, and a bottel of water, and gaue it vnto Hagar, puttyng it on her shoulder, and the lad also, and sent her away: who departing, wandered vp and downe in the wildernesse of Beer seba. (And so Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a bottel of water, and gave it unto Hagar, puttyng it on her shoulder, and the lad also, and sent her away: who departing, wandered up and down in the wilderness of Beer seba.)
GnvaSo Abraham arose vp early in ye morning, and tooke bread, and a bottell of water, and gaue it vnto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the childe also, and sent her away: who departing wandred in the wildernesse of Beer-sheba. (So Abraham arose up early in ye/you_all morning, and took bread, and a bottell of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child also, and sent her away: who departing wandred in the wilderness of Beer-sheba. )
CvdlThen Abraham rose vp early in the mornynge, and toke bred and a botell with water, and put it vpon Agars shulders, and gaue her the childe, and sent her awaye. Then departed she, and wandred out of the waye in ye wyldernes beside Berseba. (Then Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bred and a botell with water, and put it upon Agars shoulders, and gave her the child, and sent her away. Then departed she, and wandred out of the way in ye/you_all wilderness beside Berseba.)
WyclAnd so Abraham roos eerli, and took breed, and a botel of watir, and puttide on hir schuldre, and bitook the child, and lefte hir; and whanne sche hadde go, sche yede out of the weie in the wildirnesse of Bersabee. (And so Abraham rose early, and took breed, and a botel of water, and put on her schuldre, and bitook the child, and left her; and when she had go, she went out of the way in the wilderness of Bersabee.)
LuthDa stund Abraham des Morgens frühe auf und nahm Brot und eine Flasche mit Wasser und legte es Hagar auf ihre Schulter, und den Knaben mit, und ließ sie aus. Da zog sie hin und ging in der Wüste irre bei Bersaba. (So stood Abraham the morning early on and took bread and one Flasche with water and laid it Hagar on their/her Schulter, and the Knaben mit, and let they/she/them out. So pulled they/she/them there and went in the/of_the desert irre at Bersaba.)
ClVgSurrexit itaque Abraham mane, et tollens panem et utrem aquæ, imposuit scapulæ ejus, tradiditque puerum, et dimisit eam. Quæ cum abiisset, errabat in solitudine Bersabee.[fn] (Surrexit therefore Abraham mane, and tollens panem and utrem aquæ, imposuit scapulæ his, tradiditque puerum, and dimisit eam. Quæ when/with abiisset, errabat in solitudine Bersabee. )
21.14Tollens panem. etc. ALC. EX BEDA, c. 21 Cum ergo Abraham ejiceret Agar, tollens panem, ideo humeris imposuit, etc. usque ad quia quidam de populo sub umbra ligni crucis refugium petituri sunt. Sumpsit panem et utrem aquæ. AUG. Q. in Gen. tom. 3 Quæritur quomodo imposuit in humeris puerum tam grandem? Nam qui fuerat antequam esset natus Isaac, tredecim annorum circumcisus, cum esset Abraham nonaginta novem, et natus sit Isaac centenario patre; ludebat autem Ismæl cum Isaac quando Sara commota est, utique cum puero grandiusculo, qui jam fuerat ablactatus: profecto plus quam sedecim annorum fuit quando cum matre expulsus est. Sed ut hoc quod cum parvulo lusit, per recapitulationem dictum accipiamus, antequam ablactaretur Isaac; etiam sic amplius quam tredecim annorum puer humeris matris non potuit imponi; sed subaudiendum est, dedit puerum suum, etc. Imposuit scapulæ ejus. HIER. in Q. Hebr. Quando Isaac natus est, tredecim annorum erat Ismæl, et post ablactationem ejus cum matre expellitur. Apud Hebræos varia opinio est, aliis asserentibus quinto anno ablactationis tempus ejus statutum, aliis duodecimo. Nos igitur, ut breviorem eligamus ætatem, post decem et octo annos supputamus Ismælem ejectum cum matre, nec convenire jam adolescentem matris sedisse cervicibus. Verum est autem illud Hebrææ linguæ idioma, quod omnis filius ad comparationem parentum infans vocetur et parvulus. Romæ quoque usque hodie omnes filii infantes vocantur.
21.14Taking_off panem. etc. ALC. EX BEDA, c. 21 Since therefore Abraham eyiceret Agar, tollens panem, ideo humeris imposuit, etc. until to because quidam about to_the_people under umbra ligni crucis refugium petituri are. Sumpsit panem and utrem aquæ. AUG. Q. in Gen. tom. 3 Quæritur how imposuit in humeris puerum tam grandem? Nam who fuerat before was natus Isaac, tredecim annorum circumcisus, when/with was Abraham nonaginta novem, and natus let_it_be Isaac centenario patre; ludebat however Ismæl when/with Isaac when Sara commota it_is, utique when/with puero grandiusculo, who yam fuerat ablactatus: profecto plus how sedecim annorum fuit when when/with matre expulsus it_is. But as this that when/with parvulo lusit, through recapitulationem dictum accipiamus, before ablactaretur Isaac; also so amplius how tredecim annorum puer humeris matris not/no potuit imponi; but subaudiendum it_is, he_gave puerum his_own, etc. Imposuit scapulæ his. HIER. in Q. Hebr. When Isaac natus it_is, tredecim annorum was Ismæl, and after ablactationem his when/with matre expellitur. Apud Hebræos varia opinio it_is, aliis asserentibus quinto anno ablactationis tempus his statutum, aliis duodecimo. Nos igitur, as breviorem eligamus ætatem, after ten and octo years supputamus Ismælem eyectum when/with matre, but_not convenire yam adolescentem matris sedisse cervicibus. Verum it_is however illud Hebrææ linguæ idioma, that everyone son to comparationem parentum infans vocetur and parvulus. Romæ too until hodie everyone children infantes vocantur.
21:8-21 God used the incident of Ishmael’s mocking Isaac to separate Ishmael and Hagar from the family and the child of promise. They would constantly threaten the promised descendant if they remained with the family.
This phrase may refer to bread or more generally to food. Alternate translation: “got some food”
וְחֵ֨מַת מַ֜יִם
and,skin waters
The word skin refers here to an animal skin or hide. Alternate translation: “and a leather bag full of water” or “and a full water bag made of animal hide” or “and a water bag full of water”
Alternate translation: “to Hagar and put them on her shoulder”
וְאֶת הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶ֑הָ
and=DOM the,boy and,sent_~_away,her
Alternate translation: “Then he sent her and the boy away,” or “Then he sent her off with the youth,”
וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ וַתֵּ֔תַע
and,departed and,wandered
Alternate translation: “and she left and wandered around” or “and they wandered around”
בְּמִדְבַּ֖ר בְּאֵ֥ר שָֽׁבַע
in/on/at/with,wilderness בְּאֵר שָׁבַע
Sometimes in the Bible a place is identified by the well-known name it will be called later. That is the case in this verse, since Beersheba is not given its name until verse 31. Alternate translation: “in the Beersheba Desert.” or “in the desert near the city that was later called Beersheba.”
The book of Genesis twice records the origin of the Ishmaelites, who were descended from Ishmael, the son of Abraham by Sarah’s handmaiden Hagar. Ishmael lived in the wilderness of Paran (Genesis 21:20-21), and his descendants eventually ranged from Shur near Egypt all the way around to Havilah on the Arabian peninsula (Genesis 25:12-18), as shown on this map that depicts the region around the time of the Judges. Yet the term Ishmaelite also appears to have referred in a more general sense to any of the nomadic groups that roamed the deserts of Sinai and Arabia, because the Midianites (another group descended from Abraham by his second wife Keturah; Genesis 25:1-2) are twice referred to as Ishmaelites: once when Joseph is sold to a group of Midianite traders traveling from Gilead to Egypt (Genesis 37:28-36), and again when Gideon is collecting gold earrings from the spoil taken from the Midianites (Judges 8:24). Likewise, the term Hagrites, (likely meaning those descended from Hagar), is applied at times to a tribal group that appears to have been among those descended from Ishmael, but in 1 Chronicles 27:30 the terms Ishmaelite and Hagrite are applied to two different people, indicating that the terms were not synonymous. Twelve tribes are specifically listed by Genesis as descending from Ishmael, similar to how Israel was reckoned as being comprised of twelve tribes descended from a single patriarch (Genesis 35:23-26). While some of the Ishmaelite tribes achieved political dominance during certain periods of biblical history, the twelve tribes never operated as a single, unified nation. The physical boundaries of each Ishmaelite tribe’s nomadic range is difficult to establish with much certainty, partially because nomads, by definition, continually move to new lands as needed to feed their flocks. Even so, a few clues from Scripture and other ancient sources point to the likely general range for each tribe, as shown on this map.
Nebaioth has often been speculated to be the same tribe that was later called the Nabateans, but the variance in the Hebrew spelling between the two names makes this identification unlikely. Rather, they were probably the Nabaiate of Assyrian documents, which mention them in close association with the tribe of Kedar. Nebaioth and Kedar are also mentioned together in Isaiah 60:7.
Kedar, the most prominent and powerful of the Ishmaelite tribes, lay to the southeast of Israel, and this is confirmed by Jeremiah’s comment in Jeremiah 2:10 that speaks of Cyprus and Kedar as lying on opposite sides of Israel. Kedar attained significant political strength during the ninth century B.C. until they were absorbed into the Nabatean empire in the first century B.C.
Adbeel was likely a tribe known by the Akkadians as the Idibilu, who were eventually conquered by Tiglath-pileser III of Assyria and employed to guard the approaches to Egypt’s borders.
Mibsam may be named after the word for “sweet odor,” suggesting that they may have been one of the people groups of western Arabia who produced world-renowned incense and transported it to ports along the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Mishma may have been centered around a mountain called Jebel Mishma today.
Dumah was likely centered around the ancient Arabian city by the same name.
Massa was known to the Assyrians as Mas’a, and they were forced to pay tribute to Tiglath-pileser III. Ptolemy knew the tribe as the Masanoi and located them to the northeast of Dumah.
Hadad is somewhat unknown in ancient sources, although today there is an Arabian tribe named Hadad that are mostly Christians, and they are located throughout the Levant.
Tema was no doubt centered around the city by the same name, and it was located near the rival oasis of Dedan. King Nabonidus of Babylon made Tema his headquarters as he gained control over the other Arabian desert oases (see Jeremiah 49:28; also see “Oases of the Arabian Desert” map).
Jetur was likely located northeast of Gilead, because 1 Chronicles 5:18-22 records how the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh attacked Jetur and the tribe of Naphish, captured many of them and their livestock, and occupied their territory until the time of the exile. By the time of Jesus, this tribe was known as the Itureans and had captured land just north of Israel.
Naphish was likely located just east of Gilead, because the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh attacked them and the tribe of Jetur and occupied their territory until the time of the exile (1 Chronicles 5:18-22).
Kedemah may have been located near the Reubenite town of Kedemoth.
Though Scripture sometimes refers to various tribes of Ishmael as enemies of Israel (1 Chronicles 5:18-22; Psalm 83:5-8), Isaiah also prophesied to Israel of a glorious day coming when “all the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered to you, the rams of Nebaioth shall minister to you; they shall be acceptable on my altar, and I will glorify my glorious house” (Isaiah 60:7).
Though the patriarch Isaac moved from place to place several times within southern Canaan, compared to his father Abraham and his son Jacob, Isaac appears to have been a bit of a homebody. In fact, unless Isaac resettled in places not recorded in Scripture, the farthest extent he ever traveled appears to have been only about 90 miles (113 km). Yet, as the child of God’s promise to Abraham to build a great nation from his descendants, Isaac’s relatively simple life served as a critical bridge from Abraham to the beginnings of the twelve tribes of Israel, who were descended from Isaac’s son Jacob. It is likely that Isaac was born at Beersheba (see Genesis 21:1-24), and later Abraham offered him as a sacrifice on Mount Moriah (located at Jerusalem; see 2 Chronicles 3:1). Then Abraham, Isaac, and those with them returned to Beersheba (Genesis 22:1-19). When Isaac reached adulthood, his father sent a servant to bring back a bride for him from Aram-naharaim, far north of Canaan. When his bride, Rebekah, arrived, Isaac had just come from Beer-lahai-roi and settled in the Negev (Genesis 24:62). Later Isaac resettled with Rebekah in Beer-lahai-roi, and this may have been where their twins son Esau and Jacob were born. A famine forced Isaac to go to Gerar (Genesis 26:1-6) in “the land of the Philistines.” The distinct people group known as the Philistines in later books of the Bible did not arrive until the time of the Judges, so the term here must have referred to another people group living in this region, and this is supported by the fact that King Abimelech’s name is Semitic, not Aegean (the likely origin of the later Philistines). While Isaac was there, he repeated his father’s error (Genesis 20) by lying to the king that his wife was only his sister. Isaac also became increasingly prosperous at Gerar, so the Philistines told him to leave their region. Isaac moved away from the town of Gerar and settled further away in the valley of Gerar. There he dug a well, but the Philistines claimed it for themselves, so he called it Esek, meaning “argument.” So Isaac’s men dug another well and called it Sitnah (meaning “hostility”), but it led to more quarreling, so he dug yet another well and called it Rehoboth (meaning “open space”). The locations of these two later wells are not certain, but they may have been located near Ruheibeh as shown on this map. Then Isaac moved to Beersheba and built an altar. He also dug a well there, and King Abimelech of the Philistines came and exchanged oaths of peace with him. It was likely at Beersheba that Isaac blessed his sons Esau and Jacob, and both sons eventually left Canaan (see “Jacob Goes to Paddan-Aram” map). When Jacob later returned, he traveled to Mamre near Hebron and reunited with Isaac. Sometime after this Isaac died, and Jacob and Esau buried him there.
