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Tyndale Open Bible Dictionary

Intro ← Index → ©

BRANCH

Literally, a shoot or sprout from a tree or bush; figuratively, a messianic or other spiritual metaphor. It is used for the three sets of arms that come off the main shaft of the golden lampstand in the tabernacle (e.g., Ex 25:31-36 (RV · LV · Read together)) and for the palm fronds from which booths were constructed for the ancient Jewish Feast of Tabernacles (Lv 23:40-43 (RV · LV · Read together)).

EXO 25:31–36: RV EXO 25:31–36 · LV EXO 25:31–36 · Read together EXO 25:31–36

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OET-RV EXO 25:31

31 You must make a lampstand from pure gold. The base and shaft are to be hammered out of one piece of gold as well as its cups and decorative buds and flowers.

OET-RV EXO 25:32

32 There must be six branches extending from the shaft—three on each side.

OET-RV EXO 25:33

33 Three cups shaped like almond flowers must be on each branch along with a bud and petals.

OET-RV EXO 25:34

34 The centre shaft must have four cups like almond flowers along with a bud and petals.

OET-RV EXO 25:35

35 For each of the three pairs of branches (one branch out each side in each pair), make a bud on the centre shaft so each pair of branches appear to be growing out of it.

OET-RV EXO 25:36

36 These buds and their branches must all be hammered out from that single piece of pure gold.

OET-LV EXO 25:31

31 And_you_will_make a_lampstand_of gold pure hammered_work the_lampstand base_of_its and_shaft_of_its it_will_be_made cups_of_its bulbs_of_its and_blossoms_of_its from_her/it they_will_be.

OET-LV EXO 25:32

32 And_six branches will_be_going_out from_sides_of_its three branches_of lampstand will_be_of_from_its_side the_one and_three branches_of lampstand will_be_of_from_its_side the_second.

OET-LV EXO 25:33

33 Three cups shaped_like_almond_blossoms will_on_the_branch the_one a_bulb and_a_blossom and_three cups shaped_like_almond_blossoms will_on_the_branch the_one a_bulb and_a_blossom thus for_the_six_of the_branches which_go_out from the_lampstand.

OET-LV EXO 25:34

34 And_will_on_the_lampstand four cups shaped_like_almond_blossoms bulbs_of_its and_blossoms_of_its.

OET-LV EXO 25:35

35 And_a_bulb will_be_under two_of the_branches from_her/it and_a_bulb will_be_under two_of the_branches from_her/it and_a_bulb will_be_under two_of the_branches from_her/it for_the_six_of the_branches which_go_out from the_lampstand.

OET-LV EXO 25:36

36 Bulbs_of_their and_branches_of_their from_her/it they_will_be of_it_of_all will_be_hammered_work one gold pure.

LEV 23:40–43: RV LEV 23:40–43 · LV LEV 23:40–43 · Read together LEV 23:40–43

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OET-RV LEV 23:40

40 On that first day, you’ll all bring the fruit from your trees, along with palm branches, leafy branches, and willow branches from beside the creeks, and you’ll all happily celebrate in front of your god Yahweh for seven days.

OET-RV LEV 23:41

41 Do that for seven days each year as a festival to honour Yahweh. you all must celebrate it in the seventh month. That’s a permanent rule that will continue throughout the generations.

OET-RV LEV 23:42

42 You all must live in shelters for seven days—all you native-born Israelis,

OET-RV LEV 23:43

43 so that the future generations will know that I made their ancestors live in shelters when I brought them out of Mitsrayim (Egypt). I am your god Yahweh.

OET-LV LEV 23:40

40 And_you(pl)_will_take to/for_you(pl) in_the_day (the)_first fruit_of tree[s]_of splendour branches_of palm_trees and_branch[es]_of tree[s] leafy and_poplars_of a_wadi and_you(pl)_will_rejoice to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH god_of_your(pl) seven_of days.

OET-LV LEV 23:41

41 And_you(pl)_will_celebrate_a_festival DOM_him/it a_festival to/for_YHWH seven_of days in_year a_regulation_of perpetuity to_generations_of_your(pl) in_month the_seventh you(pl)_will_celebrate_as_a_festival DOM_him/it.

OET-LV LEV 23:42

42 In_booths you(pl)_will_dwell seven_of days every_of (the)_native-born in_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) they_will_dwell in_booths.

OET-LV LEV 23:43

43 So_that generations_of_your(pl) they_may_know if/because_that in_booths I_caused_to_dwell DOM the_people_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) when_I_brought_out them from_the_land_of Miʦrayim/(Egypt) I am_YHWH god_of_your(pl).

Metaphorically, the expression is found in passages where Israel is described as an olive tree (Hos 14:6 (RV · LV HOS 14:7 · Read together)), a cedar (Ez 17:23 (RV · LV · Read together)), and a vine (Ez 17:6 (RV · LV · Read together); cf. Ps 80:8-11 (RV · LV PSA 80:9–12 · Read together)). “Branch,” with its implication of new growth, can signify prosperity (Gn 49:22 (RV · LV · Read together); Jb 8:16 (RV · LV · Read together); Ps 80:8-11 (RV · LV PSA 80:9–12 · Read together); Ez 36:8 (RV · LV · Read together)). Branches can be cut or broken off; hence, the word may depict judgment (Jb 18:16 (RV · LV · Read together); Is 9:14 (RV · LV ISA 9:13 · Read together); Jer 11:16 (RV · LV · Read together)). Such passages speak of withering, being cut, or being burned; Jesus combined all three ideas into one metaphor (Jn 15:6 (RV · LV · Read together)). In a similar way, the apostle Paul wrote that the Jews who didn’t believe would be broken off (Rom 11:19-21 (RV · LV · Read together)).

HOS 14:6: RV HOS 14:6 · LV HOS 14:7 · Read together HOS 14:6

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OET-RV HOS 14:6

6 His shoots will sprout.
 ⇔ His beauty will be like that of olive trees,
 ⇔ ≈ and his fragrance like the cedars in Levanon.

OET-LV HOS 14:7

7  Shoots_of_its_young they_will_go and_let_it_be like_(the)_tree splendour_of_its and_fragrance to_him/it like_Ləⱱānōn.

EZE 17:23: RV EZE 17:23 · LV EZE 17:23 · Read together EZE 17:23

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OET-RV EZE 17:23

23 I’ll plant it on Yisrael’s (Israel) highest mountain so it’ll grow branches and produce fruit, and it’ll become a majestic cedar so that every winged bird will live under it. They’ll nest in the shade of its branches,

OET-LV EZE 17:23

23 On_the_mountain_of the_height_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) I_will_plant_it and_it_will_bear branch[es] and_it_will_produce fruit and_it_was (into)_a_cedar majestic and_they_will_dwell under_it every_of bird of_every_of wing in_the_shadow_of its_branches_of_his they_will_dwell.

EZE 17:6: RV EZE 17:6 · LV EZE 17:6 · Read together EZE 17:6

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OET-RV EZE 17:6

6 Then the seed sprouted and became a spreading vine low to the ground. Its branches turned toward him, and its roots grew down below, so it became a vine and produced branches and sent out shoots.

OET-LV EZE 17:6

6 And_it_sprouted and_he/it_was (into)_a_vine overhanging low_of stature to_ branches_of_its _turn to_him/it and_roots_of_its under_it they_were and_it_became (into)_a_vine and_it_produced shoots and_it_sent_out boughs.

PSA 80:8–11: RV PSA 80:8–11 · LV PSA 80:9–12 · Read together PSA 80:8–11

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OET-RV PSA 80:8

8 You brought a grapevine out of Mitsrayim (Egypt).
 ⇔ You drove out nations then transplanted it.

OET-RV PSA 80:9

9 You cleared the land for it,
 ⇔ → and the grapevine took root and filled the land.

OET-RV PSA 80:10

10 The mountains were covered with its shade.
 ⇔ ≈ God’s cedars were covered by its branches.

OET-RV PSA 80:11

11 It sent out its branches as far as the sea
 ⇔ ≈ and its shoots to the Perat (Euphrates) River.

OET-LV PSA 80:9

9  A_vine from_Miʦrayim/(Egypt) you_uprooted you_drove_out nations and_you_planted_it.

OET-LV PSA 80:10

10  You_made_clear before_it and_it_took_root roots_of_its and_it_filled the_land.

OET-LV PSA 80:11

11  Mountains they_were_covered shade_of_its and_branches_of_its the_cedars_of god.

OET-LV PSA 80:12

12  It_stretched_out branch[es]_of_its to the_sea and_near/to the_river shoots_of_its_young.

GEN 49:22: RV GEN 49:22 · LV GEN 49:22 · Read together GEN 49:22

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OET-RV GEN 49:22

 ⇔  22 Yosef (Joseph) is part of a fruit-bearing vine—
 ⇔ ≈ part of a fruit-bearing vine at a spring.
 ⇔ His branches will climb over the wall.

OET-LV GEN 49:22

22 Is_a_son of_a_fruit-bearer_of Yōşēf/(Joseph) a_son of_a_fruit-bearer_of at a_spring daughters she_will_climb over a_wall.

JOB 8:16: RV JOB 8:16 · LV JOB 8:16 · Read together JOB 8:16

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OET-RV JOB 8:16

 ⇔  16 It’s a fresh plant in the sunshine,
 ⇔ and its shoots spread out over the garden.

OET-LV JOB 8:16

16 Is_a_fresh_plant he to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before the_sun and_over garden_of_its shoot[s]_of_its_young it_goes_out.

EZE 36:8: RV EZE 36:8 · LV EZE 36:8 · Read together EZE 36:8

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OET-RV EZE 36:8

8 But you Israeli mountains, you’ll grow branches and bear fruit for my Israeli people, since they’ll soon come back to you,

OET-LV EZE 36:8

8 And_you(pl) Oh_mountains_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) branch[es]_of_your(pl) you(pl)_will_extend and_fruit_of_your(pl) you(pl)_will_bear for_people_of_my Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) if/because they_have_brought_near to_come.

JOB 18:16: RV JOB 18:16 · LV JOB 18:16 · Read together JOB 18:16

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OET-RV JOB 18:16

16 Their roots dry up underneath them,
 ⇔ ≈ and their branches above them all wither.

OET-LV JOB 18:16

16 From_under roots_of_his they_are_dried_up and_(from)_above branch[es]_of_his it_withers.

ISA 9:14: RV ISA 9:14 · LV ISA 9:13 · Read together ISA 9:14

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OET-RV ISA 9:14

14 so he’ll cut off Yisrael’s head and tail—
 ⇔ high palm branches and low reeds, all on the same day.

OET-LV ISA 9:13

13  And_ YHWH _he_cut_off from_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) head and_tail palm_branch and_bulrush day one.

JER 11:16: RV JER 11:16 · LV JER 11:16 · Read together JER 11:16

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OET-RV JER 11:16

16 Yahweh called you a luxuriant olive tree with beautiful, good-looking fruit.
 ⇔ ^ Now he’ll kindle a fire with a loud roar on its branches that have gone bad.

OET-LV JER 11:16

16 An_olive_tree luxuriant beautiful_of fruit_of form YHWH he_called name_of_your to_sound/voice a_rainstorm great he_has_kindled a_fire on/upon_it(f) and_ branches_of_its _they_are_bad.

JHN 15:6: RV JHN 15:6 · LV JHN 15:6 · Read together JHN 15:6

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OET-RV JHN 15:6

6 Anyone who doesn’t stay in me will be thrown away like a branch, and will wither and be gathered together with others, and thrown into the fire to be burnt.

OET-LV JHN 15:6

6 If anyone may_ not _be_remaining in me, he_was_thrown out as the branch and was_withered, and they_are_gathering_ them _together and they_are_casting into the fire, and it_is_being_burned.

ROM 11:19–21: RV ROM 11:19–21 · LV ROM 11:19–21 · Read together ROM 11:19–21

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OET-RV ROM 11:19

19 Ah, but then you’ll say, ‘Branches were broken off so that we could be grafted in.’

OET-RV ROM 11:20

20 Well you’re right. They were broken off because of their disbelief, and it’s true that you’re there because of your faith. But don’t get a big head—maintain your reverence for God,

OET-RV ROM 11:21

21 because if he didn’t spare the natural branches when they showed disbelief, then he won’t spare you either.

OET-LV ROM 11:19

19 Therefore you_will_be_saying:
˓Were˒_broken_off branches, in_order_that I may_be_engrafted.

OET-LV ROM 11:20

20 Rightly, by_their unbelief they_were_broken_off, but you the by_faith have_stood.
Not high be_thinking, but be_fearing.

OET-LV ROM 11:21

21 For/Because if the god from_the according_to nature branches not spared, neither from_you he_will_be_sparing.

The major use of such symbolism refers to the Davidic Messiah. Although that use of “branch” actually stems from the prophetic period, its roots go much farther back. The concept was used with reference to an influential figure, such as a king’s personal servant (Gn 40:9-13 (RV · LV · Read together)), the patriarch Joseph (49:22 (RV · LV · Read together)), Job (Jb 29:19 (RV · LV · Read together)), or the Assyrian king Nebuchadnezzar (Dn 4:12 (RV · LV DAN 4:9 · Read together)). Passages such as 2 Samuel 23:4 (RV · LV · Read together) and Psalm 132:17 (RV · LV · Read together) speak of the Davidic line as “growing” or “sprouting forth” (the literal meaning of the Hebrew verbs). Finally, images of agricultural prosperity were used as promised blessings of the messianic age (cf. Lv 26 (RV · LV · Read together) with the prophetic passages on previous page). It is understandable how the term “branch” could become a technical designation for the Messiah, as is described above.

GEN 40:9–13: RV GEN 40:9–13 · LV GEN 40:9–13 · Read together GEN 40:9–13

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OET-RV GEN 40:9

9 Then the chief of the cupbearers went first and told his dream to Yosef, “Listen, in my dream there was a grapevine in front of me

OET-RV GEN 40:10

10 with three branches on it. Then as soon as the buds appeared on the branches, its blossoms came out straight away and its clusters ripened into grapes.

OET-RV GEN 40:11

11 Then I was holding Par’oh’s cup and I took the grapes and squeezed them into it and I gave the cup to Par’oh.”

OET-RV GEN 40:12

12 “This is the interpretation,” Yosef responded. “The three branches represent three days.

OET-RV GEN 40:13

13 Within three days, Par’oh will display you publicly and then restore you to your position. Then you’ll place Par’oh’s cup into his hand, just like you used to before when you were his cupbearer.

OET-LV GEN 40:9

9 And_ the_chief_of the_cup_bearers _he_recounted DOM dream_of_his to_Yōşēf and_he/it_said to_him/it in_dream_of_my and_BEHOLD/LO/SEE a_vine was_before_of_me.

OET-LV GEN 40:10

10 And_were_on_vine three branches and_she just_as_it_was_budding blossom_of_its it_went_up clusters_of_its they_ripened grapes.

OET-LV GEN 40:11

11 And_the_cup_of Parˊoh was_in_hand_of_my and_I_took DOM the_grapes and_I_squeezed DOM_them into the_cup_of Parˊoh and_I_put DOM the_cup on the_palm_of Parˊoh.

OET-LV GEN 40:12

12 And_he/it_said to_him/it Yōşēf/(Joseph) this interpretation_of_is_its the_three_of the_branches are_three_of days they.

OET-LV GEN 40:13

13 In_again three_of days Parˊoh he_will_lift_up DOM head_of_your and_bring_back_will_restore_you to office_of_your and_you_will_put the_cup_of Parˊoh in_his/its_hand according_the_custom (the)_former when you_were bearer_of_his_cup.

JOB 29:19: RV JOB 29:19 · LV JOB 29:19 · Read together JOB 29:19

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OET-RV JOB 29:19

19 My roots are spread out to reach water,
 ⇔ ≈ and the dew will lie on my branches overnight.

OET-LV JOB 29:19

19 Root_of_my is_opened to water and_dew it_will_remain_overnight on_branch[es]_of_my.

DAN 4:12: RV DAN 4:12 · LV DAN 4:9 · Read together DAN 4:12

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OET-RV DAN 4:12

12 It had beautiful leaves were beautiful and lots of fruit on it. It provided food for everything, the animals in the countryside found shade under it, and the birds of the sky lived in its branches. Every living thing benefitted from it.

OET-LV DAN 4:9

9  Foliage_of_its was_beautiful and_fruit_of_its was_plentiful and_food for_all was_on_it under_it it_had_shade the_animal[s]_of the_field and_in_branches_of_its they_nested the_birds_of the_heavens and_from_it all_of the_flesh it_fed.

SA2 23:4: RV SA2 23:4 · LV SA2 23:4 · Read together SA2 23:4

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OET-RV SA2 23:4

4 He’s like the rising sun bringing the morning light—
 ⇔ a cloudless morning.
 ⇔ Glistening after the rain that grows fresh grass from the soil.

OET-LV SA2 23:4

4 And_like_the_light_of morning the_sun he_dawns morning not clouds from_brightness from_rain fresh_grass from_the_earth.

PSA 132:17: RV PSA 132:17 · LV PSA 132:17 · Read together PSA 132:17

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OET-RV PSA 132:17

17 I’ll cause one of David’s descendants to become a great king there,
 ⇔ and shine the light on the one I’ve chosen.

OET-LV PSA 132:17

17 There I_will_make_grow a_horn for_Dāvid I_have_set_in_order a_lamp for_my_of_anointed.

The Branch: A Symbol for the Messiah

In the following key passages, the “branch” is used as a symbol for the Messiah:

1. Isaiah 4:2-6 (RV · LV · Read together) is the first occurrence of “branch” as a title: “In that day the branch of the Lord shall be beautiful and glorious, and the fruit of the land shall be the pride and glory of the survivors of Israel” (rsv). Many scholars interpret “branch” here to mean the Messiah for several reasons: (a) The whole tenor of the chapter makes it likely that it refers to the Messiah, who provides the harvest, establishes holiness, executes judgment, and creates “glory” in the land. (b) Isaiah 28:5 (RV · LV · Read together) describes the Lord in similar terms, making a messianic interpretation of Isaiah 4:2 (RV · LV · Read together) more probable. (c) Jeremiah 23:5 (RV · LV · Read together) and 33:15 (RV · LV · Read together), which seem to be commentaries on Isaiah 4:2 (RV · LV · Read together), interpret it to refer to the Messiah. Mention of a righteous remnant illustrates a concept developing along with the “branch” imagery and amplifying its meaning. The branch will become the “beauty and glory” of the remnant of Israel and will wreak destruction on apostate Israel (Is 4:4 (RV · LV · Read together)).

ISA 4:2–6: RV ISA 4:2–6 · LV ISA 4:2–6 · Read together ISA 4:2–6

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OET-RV ISA 4:2

2 At that time, Yahweh’s branch will become beautiful and glorious,
 ⇔ and the produce of the land will be a source of pride and delight for what remains of the Israelis.

OET-RV ISA 4:3

3 All who remain in Tsiyon (Zion), i.e., the remnant in Yerushalem (Jerusalem), will then be his people who are destined to continue to live.

OET-RV ISA 4:4

4 Surely my master will wash away the filth of Tsiyon’s daughters, and clean up the blood stains from the middle of Yerushalem using the spirit of judgement and the spirit of fire.

OET-RV ISA 4:5

5 Then over all of Mt. Tsiyon and her assemblies there, Yahweh will place a canopy over all the splendour—creating cloud during the day, and smoke and the brightness of a flaming fire during the night.

OET-RV ISA 4:6

6 During the day, it’ll be a shelter that gives shade from the heat, as well as being a cover and place to get out of the storm and rain.

OET-LV ISA 4:2

2 In_the_day (the)_that it_will_become the_branch_of YHWH (into)_beauty and_(into)_glory and_the_fruit_of the_earth/land (into)_exaltation and_(into)_honour for_the_escaped_remnant_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).

OET-LV ISA 4:3

3 And_it_was the_one_who_remains in_Tsiyyōn/(Zion) and_the_one_who_is_left in_Yərūshālaim/(Jerusalem) holy it_will_be_said to_him/it every_of (the)_one_who_is_recorded for_life in_Yərūshālaim/(Jerusalem).

OET-LV ISA 4:4

4 If my_master he_has_washed_away DOM the_excrement_of the_daughters_of Tsiyyōn and_DOM the_blood(s)_of Yərūshālaim/(Jerusalem) he_will_cleanse from_midst_of_its by_a_spirit_of judgement and_by_a_spirit_of burning.

OET-LV ISA 4:5

5 And_ YHWH _he_will_create over all_of the_place_of the_mountain_of Tsiyyōn and_over convocations_of_its a_cloud by_day and_smoke and_brightness_of fire flame night if/because will_be_over all_of the_glory a_canopy.

OET-LV ISA 4:6

6 And_a_shelter it_will_be for_shade by_day from_the_heat and_for_refuge and_for_shelter from_the_rainstorm and_from_the_rain.

ISA 28:5: RV ISA 28:5 · LV ISA 28:5 · Read together ISA 28:5

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OET-RV ISA 28:5

5 At that time, Commander-in-chief Yahweh will become a beautiful crown,
 ⇔ ≈ and a splendid diadem for the remnant of his people,

OET-LV ISA 28:5

5 In_the_day (the)_that YHWH soldiers/messengers he_will_become (into)_a_crown_of beauty and_(into)_a_diadem_of splendour for_the_remnant_of his_people_of_his.

ISA 4:2: RV ISA 4:2 · LV ISA 4:2 · Read together ISA 4:2

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OET-RV ISA 4:2

2 At that time, Yahweh’s branch will become beautiful and glorious,
 ⇔ and the produce of the land will be a source of pride and delight for what remains of the Israelis.

OET-LV ISA 4:2

2 In_the_day (the)_that it_will_become the_branch_of YHWH (into)_beauty and_(into)_glory and_the_fruit_of the_earth/land (into)_exaltation and_(into)_honour for_the_escaped_remnant_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).

JER 23:5: RV JER 23:5 · LV JER 23:5 · Read together JER 23:5

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OET-RV JER 23:5

5 Listen, Yahweh declares that the time is coming
 ⇔ when I will appoint a righteous branch for David
 ⇔ and he will reign wisely as king
 ⇔ and will administer justice and righteousness in the land.

OET-LV JER 23:5

5 HERE days are_coming the_utterance_of YHWH and_I_will_raise_up for_Dāvid a_branch righteous and_he_will_reign a_king and_he_will_act_prudently and_he_will_do justice and_righteousness on_the_earth.

JER 33:15: RV JER 33:15 · LV JER 33:15 · Read together JER 33:15

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OET-RV JER 33:15

15 In those days and at that time, I’ll make a righteous branch grow for David, and he’ll do what’s fair and right throughout the land.

OET-LV JER 33:15

15 In_the_days the_those and_at_time (the)_that I_will_cause_to_sprout for_Dāvid a_branch_of righteousness and_he_will_do justice and_righteousness on_the_earth.

ISA 4:4: RV ISA 4:4 · LV ISA 4:4 · Read together ISA 4:4

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OET-RV ISA 4:4

4 Surely my master will wash away the filth of Tsiyon’s daughters, and clean up the blood stains from the middle of Yerushalem using the spirit of judgement and the spirit of fire.

OET-LV ISA 4:4

4 If my_master he_has_washed_away DOM the_excrement_of the_daughters_of Tsiyyōn and_DOM the_blood(s)_of Yərūshālaim/(Jerusalem) he_will_cleanse from_midst_of_its by_a_spirit_of judgement and_by_a_spirit_of burning.

2. Isaiah 11:1 (RV · LV · Read together) adds a Davidic element to Isaiah 4:2 (RV · LV · Read together), since Jesse was David’s father. The “shoot” grew out of the “stump of Jesse,” that is, the royal line of David. The Davidic line is pictured as a fallen dynasty, a tree cut down (the passage probably mentions Jesse rather than David to stress a lowly origin). The stump remains, however, and there is still life within it. That stump is insignificant in contrast to the mighty forest of Assyria, but the Lord will level that forest (Is 10:15-19, 33-34 (RV ISA 10:15–19 · RV ISA 10:33–34 · LV ISA 10:15–19 · LV ISA 10:33–34 · Read together ISA 10:15–19 · Read together ISA 10:33–34)) and bring forth from Jesse’s stump a fruitful shoot who will recover the Israelite remnant (Is 11:4, 11-12 (RV ISA 11:4 · RV ISA 11:11–12 · LV ISA 11:4 · LV ISA 11:11–12 · Read together ISA 11:4 · Read together ISA 11:11–12)), destroy their adversaries, and reign in wisdom through the Spirit of the Lord.

ISA 11:1: RV ISA 11:1 · LV ISA 11:1 · Read together ISA 11:1

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OET-RV ISA 11:1

11 Then a shoot will come out from the stump of Yishay (Jesse),
 ⇔ and a branch from his roots will grow to produce fruit.

OET-LV ISA 11:1

11 And_ a_branch _it_will_go_forth from_the_rootstock_of Yishay/(Jesse) and_a_shoot from_roots_of_his it_will_bear_fruit.

ISA 10:15–19; ISA 10:33–34: RV ISA 10:15–19 · RV ISA 10:33–34 · LV ISA 10:15–19 · LV ISA 10:33–34 · Read together ISA 10:15–19 · Read together ISA 10:33–34

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OET-RV ISA 10:15

15 Will the axe say it’s greater than the person who swings it?
 ⇔ ≈ Will the saw praise itself more than the one who uses it?
 ⇔ As if a rod could move those who are lifting it up,
 ⇔ ≈ or a staff could lift up what’s not made from wood.

OET-RV ISA 10:16

 ⇔  16 Therefore, my master, Commander-in-chief Yahweh
 ⇔ will make his muscular warriors waste away,
 ⇔ and instead of the Assyrian king getting glory,
 ⇔ he’ll get his fingers burnt like with a burning flame.

OET-RV ISA 10:17

17 Then Yisrael’s (Israel) light will become a fire,
 ⇔ ≈ and its holy one a flame,
 ⇔ → and it will burn and devour his thorns and his briers in one day.

OET-RV ISA 10:18

18 His beautiful forest and his fruitful land
 ⇔ will be steadily destroyed,
 ⇔ like a sick person who wastes away.

OET-RV ISA 10:19

19 There’ll be so few trees left in his forest that even a child could count them.

OET-RV ISA 10:33

 ⇔  33 Listen, my master, Commander-in-chief Yahweh will cut off the branches with a crash,
 ⇔ and the tallest of the tall will be cut down,
 ⇔ ≈ and the high and mighty will be brought low.

OET-RV ISA 10:34

34 He’ll chop down the thickets in the forest with an axe,
 ⇔ → and Levanon will be felled by the mighty one.

OET-LV ISA 10:15

15 Does_ the_axe _it_glorify_itself above the_one_who_cuts in/on/over_him/it or the_saw does_it_magnify_itself above the_one_of_who_wields_it as_ a_rod _wields and_DOM those_of_who_lift_it as_ a_staff _lifts not wood.

OET-LV ISA 10:16

16 For_so/thus/hence the_master YHWH soldiers/messengers he_will_send on_his_fat_of_ones leanness and_under glory_of_his it_will_burn a_burning like_the_burning_of fire.

OET-LV ISA 10:17

17 And_ the_light_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) _it_was (into)_a_fire and_its_holy_of_one (into)_a_flame and_it_will_burn and_it_will_consume bush[es]_of_his and_thorn[s]_of_his in/on_day one.

OET-LV ISA 10:18

18 And_the_splendour_of his_forest_of_his and_orchard_of_his from_breath and_unto flesh it_will_bring_to_an_end and_it_was as_ one_who_is_sick _wastes_away.

OET-LV ISA 10:19

19 And_the_remnant_of the_tree[s]_of his_forest_of_his a_number they_will_be and_a_child he_will_record_them.

OET-LV ISA 10:33

33 THERE the_master YHWH soldiers/messengers is_about_to_lop_off bough[s] with_a_crash and_the_exalted_ones_of (the)_height will_be_cut_down and_the_tall_ones they_will_become_low.

OET-LV ISA 10:34

34 And_he_will_cut_down the_thickets_of the_forest with_(the)_axe and_the_(the)_Ləⱱānōn by_a_mighty_one it_will_fall.

ISA 11:4; ISA 11:11–12: RV ISA 11:4 · RV ISA 11:11–12 · LV ISA 11:4 · LV ISA 11:11–12 · Read together ISA 11:4 · Read together ISA 11:11–12

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OET-RV ISA 11:4

4 but he’ll judge the ordinary people with justice
 ⇔ ≈ and decide fairly for the poor in the world.
 ⇔ He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth,
 ⇔ ≈ and with the breath of his lips, he’ll execute the wicked.

OET-RV ISA 11:11

11 At that time, my master will again exercise his power to recover a remnant of his people who remain in Ashur (Assyria), Mitsrayim (Egypt), Patros, Kush (Ethiopia), Eylam, Shin’ar, Hamat, and from various islands.

OET-RV ISA 11:12

12 He’ll raise a banner for the nations,
 ⇔ and gather the Israelis who were banished—
 ⇔ ≈ assembling the Yehudim (Jews) who were scattered right around the world.

OET-LV ISA 11:4

4 And_he_will_judge with_righteousness poor_people and_he_will_decide with_uprightness for_the_humble_people_of the_earth and_he_will_strike the_earth with_the_rod_of his_mouth_of_his and_with_the_breath_of his_lips_of_his he_will_put_to_death the_wicked.

OET-LV ISA 11:11

11 And_it_was in_the_day (the)_that my_master he_will_repeat a_second_time his/its_hand to_acquire DOM the_remnant_of his_people_of_his which it_will_remain from_ʼAshshūr and_from_Miʦrayim/(Egypt) and_from_Patrōş and_from_Kūsh/(Cush) and_from_ˊĒylām and_from_Shinˊār and_from_Ḩₐmāt and_from_the_islands_of the_sea.

OET-LV ISA 11:12

12 And_he_will_lift_up a_standard for_nations and_he_will_gather the_banished_men_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_the_scattered_women_of Yəhūdāh/(Judah) he_will_assemble from_the_four the_corners_of the_earth/land.

3. Jeremiah 23:5 (RV · LV · Read together) and 33:15 (RV · LV · Read together) contrast the righteous reign of the Branch with the evil leadership of King Zedekiah. In both passages a remnant is pictured under the metaphor of a flock gathered back to their fold under caring shepherds (Jer 23:3-4 (RV · LV · Read together); cf. 33:12-13 (RV · LV · Read together)). The shepherds are ruled by the Branch, who is given the title “The Lord is our righteousness” (33:16 (RV · LV · Read together)). That phrase in Hebrew is a deliberate wordplay on the name “Zedekiah” (meaning “the Lord is my vindication”). Zedekiah was righteous in name but not in reign. The Branch of the Lord, in contrast, will rule justly.

JER 23:3–4: RV JER 23:3–4 · LV JER 23:3–4 · Read together JER 23:3–4

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OET-RV JER 23:3

3 Then I myself will gather the remnant of my flock from all the countries that I’ve banished them to and I’ll return them to their pasture, where they’ll be fruitful and multiply.

OET-RV JER 23:4

4 Yahweh declares that I’ll appoint shepherds over them who’ll look after them, and then they’ll no longer be afraid or dismayed, nor will any go missing.

OET-LV JER 23:3

3 And_I I_will_gather_together DOM the_remnant_of my_flock_of_my from_all the_lands where I_have_banished DOM_them there and_I_will_bring_back them to pasture_of_their and_they_will_be_fruitful and_they_will_increase.

OET-LV JER 23:4

4 And_I_will_raise_up over_them shepherds and_they_will_shepherd_them and_not they_will_be_afraid again and_not they_will_be_terrified and_not they_will_be_missing the_utterance_of YHWH.

JER 33:12–13: RV JER 33:12–13 · LV JER 33:12–13 · Read together JER 33:12–13

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OET-RV JER 33:12

12 Commander-in-chief Yahweh says: ‘In this desolate place where no people or animals are living, around all its cities there’ll again be pastures where shepherds can rest their flocks.

OET-RV JER 33:13

13 In the cities in the hill country, the lowlands, and the Negev, in the Benyamin region, and all around Yerushalem and in Yehudah’s other cities, the flocks will again pass be counted by their shepherds,’ says Yahweh.

OET-LV JER 33:12

12 Thus YHWH soldiers/messengers he_says again it_will_be in_place the_this (the)_desolate from_not human_being and_unto an_animal and_on/over_all cities_of_its pasture_of shepherds who_make_to_lie_down flock[s].

OET-LV JER 33:13

13 In_the_cities_of the_hill_country in_the_cities_of the_Shephelah and_in_the_cities_of the_Negeⱱ and_in_the_land_of Binyāmīn and_in_the_surroundings_of Yərūshālaim/(Jerusalem) and_in_the_cities_of Yəhūdāh/(Judah) again the_flock they_will_pass on the_hands_of one_who_counts_them YHWH he_says.

JER 33:16: RV JER 33:16 · LV JER 33:16 · Read together JER 33:16

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OET-RV JER 33:16

16 Yehudah will be rescued in those days, and Yerushalem will live in security, because it’ll be called, ‘Yahweh is the one who does what’s right for us,’

OET-LV JER 33:16

16 In_the_days the_those Yəhūdāh it_will_be_saved and_Yərūshālaim/(Jerusalem) it_will_dwell to_security and_this is_that_which anyone_will_call to/for_her/it YHWH righteousness_of_is_our.

4. Zechariah 3:8 (RV · LV · Read together) and 6:12 (RV · LV · Read together) apply the branch metaphor in a different context—that of the postexilic task of rebuilding the temple. Zechariah described Joshua the high priest as a symbol of the future “servant- Branch” to be sent from the Lord. The Branch is seen as performing a priestly function in restoring righteous worship to the land. The royal line would be reinstated and the glories of the priestly line would also be reconstituted in the Branch. The servant of the Branch is probably taken from Isaiah’s servant songs, where similar language is used (Is 53:2 (RV · LV · Read together)). Zechariah specifically related the priestly activity to rebuilding the temple. Zerubbabel had earlier been given the task of completing the literal building (Zec 4:7-9 (RV · LV · Read together)), so the allusion must go beyond that to the “spiritual temple” to come. (Since Zerubbabel’s name means “shoot of Babylon,” the connection seems deliberate). Finally, Zechariah combines the two messianic aspects of the Branch: “He will build the Lord’s Temple, and he will receive royal honor and will rule as king from his throne. He will also serve as priest from his throne, and there will be perfect harmony between the two” (6:13 (RV · LV · Read together), NLT).

ZEC 3:8: RV ZEC 3:8 · LV ZEC 3:8 · Read together ZEC 3:8

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OET-RV ZEC 3:8

8 Please listen, Yehoshua the high priest, as well as your companions sitting in front of you. Those these men are a sign, because I myself will bring out my servant ‘the branch’.

OET-LV ZEC 3:8

8 Hear please Oh_Yəhōshūˊa/(Joshua) the_priest/officer (the)_great you and_companions_of_your who_sit to_your_face if/because are_men_of sign they if/because HERE_I am_about_to_bring DOM servant_of_my branch.

ZEC 6:12: RV ZEC 6:12 · LV ZEC 6:12 · Read together ZEC 6:12

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OET-RV ZEC 6:12

12 and tell him, ‘Commander-in-chief Yahweh says:
 § Look, a man whose name is ‘Branch’ will grow from his place, and he will build Yahweh’s temple.

OET-LV ZEC 6:12

12 And_you_will_say to_him/it to_say thus YHWH soldiers/messengers he_says to_say THERE a_man is_Branch his/its_name and_from_under_him he_will_sprout and_he_will_build DOM the_temple_of YHWH.

ISA 53:2: RV ISA 53:2 · LV ISA 53:2 · Read together ISA 53:2

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OET-RV ISA 53:2

2 He grew in front of him like a young plant,
 ⇔ ≈ and like a root out of the dry ground.
 ⇔ He had no fancy form or splendour to look at,
 ⇔ ≈ and his appearance didn’t attract us to him.

OET-LV ISA 53:2

2 And_he/it_ascended like_shoot before_him and_like_root from_ground_of dryness not form to_him/it and_not splendour and_we_will_look_at_him and_not appearance and_we_will_desire_him.

ZEC 4:7–9: RV ZEC 4:7–9 · LV ZEC 4:7–9 · Read together ZEC 4:7–9

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OET-RV ZEC 4:7

7 What are you, big mountain? Before Zerubavel you will become a plain. Then he will bring out the top stone to shouts of ‘Grace, grace to it.’ ”

OET-RV ZEC 4:8

8 Then Yahweh’s message came to me, saying,

OET-RV ZEC 4:9

9 “Zerubavel’s hands have laid the foundation of this temple and his hands will bring it to completion.” Then you will have confirmation that Commander-in-chief Yahweh has sent me to you.

OET-LV ZEC 4:7

7 Who are_you Oh_mountain_of (the)_great to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before Zərubāⱱel (into)_level_ground and_he_will_bring_forth DOM the_stone (the)_top shouting(s) grace grace to/for_her/it.

OET-LV ZEC 4:8

8 And_ the_message_of YHWH _he/it_was to_me to_say.

OET-LV ZEC 4:9

9 The_hands_of Zərubāⱱel they_have_founded the_house the_this and_hands_of_his they_will_finish_it and_you_will_know if/because_that YHWH soldiers/messengers he_has_sent_me to_you(pl).

ZEC 6:13: RV ZEC 6:13 · LV ZEC 6:13 · Read together ZEC 6:13

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OET-RV ZEC 6:13

13 Yes, he will build Yahweh’s temple, and he will radiate splendour and will sit and rule on his throne. He’ll be a priest on his throne, and peace will emanate from the interaction of both of those roles.

OET-LV ZEC 6:13

13 And_he he_will_build DOM the_temple_of YHWH and_he he_will_bear majesty and_he_will_sit and_he_will_rule on throne_of_his and_it_was a_priest on throne_of_his and_a_counsel_of peace it_will_be between the_two_of_of_them.

“Branch” is never used as a title in the NT. Yet there are hints of that concept’s influence, as in the familiar “vine and branches” metaphor (Jn 15:1-8 (RV · LV · Read together)), in the use of palm branches at Jesus’ triumphal entry into Jerusalem (12:13 (RV · LV · Read together); cf. Mk 11:8 (RV · LV · Read together) and parallels), and possibly in the origin of the titles “Righteous One” (Acts 3:14 (RV · LV · Read together); 7:52 (RV · LV · Read together); cf. Jas 5:6 (RV · LV · Read together)) and “Just One” (Acts 22:14 (RV · LV · Read together)). Some have also taken an enigmatic reference to Christ, “He shall be called a Nazarene” as an allusion to the “branch” because in Isaiah 11:1 (RV · LV · Read together) and other references netzer is similar to “Nazarene.”

JHN 15:1–8: RV JHN 15:1–8 · LV JHN 15:1–8 · Read together JHN 15:1–8

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OET-RV JHN 15:1

15 “I am the true vine and my father is the farmer.

OET-RV JHN 15:2

2 He removes every one of my branches that doesn’t bear fruit, but those that do bear fruit, he prunes them so they’ll produce even more.

OET-RV JHN 15:3

3 You are all clean already because of the teaching that I’ve given you.

OET-RV JHN 15:4

4 Stay in me, and I will stay in you all, because just as a branch can’t bear fruit in isolation when it’s not connected to the vine, neither can you if you don’t stay in me.

OET-RV JHN 15:5

5 “I am the vine and you all are the branches. Anyone who stays in me will produce a lot of fruit—apart from me you can’t do anything.

OET-RV JHN 15:6

6 Anyone who doesn’t stay in me will be thrown away like a branch, and will wither and be gathered together with others, and thrown into the fire to be burnt.

OET-RV JHN 15:7

7 If you stay in me and my teaching stays in you, then you can request whatever you all want and it will be done for you.

OET-RV JHN 15:8

8 My father will be honoured and praised when you produce a lot of fruit, and you all become my followers.

OET-LV JHN 15:1

15 I am the the true vine, and the father of_me is the farmer.

OET-LV JHN 15:2

2 Every branch in me not bearing fruit, he_is_taking_ it _away, and every_ fruit - bearing _branch, he_is_pruning it, in_order_that it_may_be_bearing more.
fruit.

OET-LV JHN 15:3

3 You_all are already clean, because_of the message which I_have_spoken to_you_all.

OET-LV JHN 15:4

4 Remain in me, and_I in you_all.
As the branch is_ not _able to_be_bearing fruit of itself, if it_may_ not _remain in the vine, thus neither you_all, if you_all_may_ not _be_remaining in me.

OET-LV JHN 15:5

5 I am the vine, you_all are the branches.
The one remaining in me and_I in him, this one is_bearing much fruit, because apart_from me, you_all_are_ not _being_able to_be_doing nothing.

OET-LV JHN 15:6

6 If anyone may_ not _be_remaining in me, he_was_thrown out as the branch and was_withered, and they_are_gathering_ them _together and they_are_casting into the fire, and it_is_being_burned.

OET-LV JHN 15:7

7 If you_all_may_remain in me, and the messages of_me may_remain in you_all, whatever if you_all_may_be_wanting, request and it_will_be_becoming to_you_all.

OET-LV JHN 15:8

8 In this the father of_me was_glorified, that you_all_may_be_bearing much fruit and you_all_may_become to_my apprentices/followers.

JHN 12:13: RV JHN 12:13 · LV JHN 12:13 · Read together JHN 12:13

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OET-RV JHN 12:13

13 took long branches from palm trees and brought them out as they went to meet him. They called out, “Honoured saviour! The one coming in Yahweh’s authority has been blessed by God. This is Yisrael’s (Israel) king.”

OET-LV JHN 12:13

13 they_took the palm_branches of_the palm_trees and came_out in meeting to_him, and they_were_crying_out:
Honoured_saviour.
Having_been_blessed is the one coming in the_name of_the_master, and the king of_ the _Israaʸl/(Yisrāʼēl).

MRK 11:8: RV MRK 11:8 · LV MRK 11:8 · Read together MRK 11:8

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OET-RV MRK 11:8

8 As Yeshua rode it into Yerushalem, many people laid their coats on the road, while others lay down leafy branches cut from trees in nearby fields.

OET-LV MRK 11:8

8 And many spread the coats of_them on the road, and others leafy_branches having_cut_off from the fields.

ACT 3:14: RV ACT 3:14 · LV ACT 3:14 · Read together ACT 3:14

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OET-RV ACT 3:14

14 You disowned this man who was innocent and sinless, and instead you requested that a murderer be released to you.

OET-LV ACT 3:14

14 But you_all disowned the holy one and righteous one, and you_all_requested a_man a_murderer to_be_granted to_you_all,

ACT 7:52: RV ACT 7:52 · LV ACT 7:52 · Read together ACT 7:52

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OET-RV ACT 7:52

52 Which one of the prophets wasn’t persecuted by your ancestors? Even the ones that foretold the coming of the righteous one were killed off by them in just the same way that you yourselves became his betrayers and murderers!

OET-LV ACT 7:52

52 Which of_the prophets the fathers of_you_all not persecuted?
And they_killed_off the ones having_foretold concerning the advent of_the righteous one, of_whom now you_all became betrayers and murderers.

JAM 5:6: RV JAM 5:6 · LV JAM 5:6 · Read together JAM 5:6

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OET-RV JAM 5:6

6 You all convicted innocent people and had them executed, even when they weren’t doing anything against you.

OET-LV JAM 5:6

6 You_all_convicted, you_all_murdered the righteous, yet_not he_is_opposing against_you_all.

ACT 22:14: RV ACT 22:14 · LV ACT 22:14 · Read together ACT 22:14

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OET-RV ACT 22:14

14 and he said, ‘The god of our ancestors has decided in advance to reveal his plans to you, and for you to see the sinless one—to hear him speaking

OET-LV ACT 22:14

14 And he said:
The god of_the fathers of_us appointed you to_know the will of_him, and to_see the righteous one, and to_hear the_voice out_of the mouth of_him.