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OET by section DEU 2:10

DEU 2:10–2:25 ©

The tribes there to near Kanaan

This is still a very early look into the unfinished text of the Open English Translation of the Bible. Please double-check the text in advance before using in public.

Readers’ Version

Literal Version 

2:10 The tribes there to near Kanaan

10 11 12

13 14[ref] 15

16 17 18 19[ref]

20 21 22 23

24 25


10The_Emim to/for_before they_dwelt in/on/at/with_it a_people great and_numerous and_tall as_as_the_ˊAnāqī.
11Rephaites they_were_regarded also they like_the_ˊAnāqī and_the_Mōʼāⱱites they_called to/for_them Emites.
12And_in/on/at/with_Sēˊīr they_dwelt the_Horites to/for_before and_the_sons of_ˊĒsāv dispossessed_them and_destroyed_them from_their_face/front and_they_lived in_place_their just_as it_did Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) in_land possession_their which he_gave YHWH to/for_them.
13Now arise and_cross_over to/for_you_all DOM the_wadi of_Zered and_crossed DOM the_wadi of_Zered.
14And_the_time which we_walked from wwww until that we_passed_over DOM the_wadi of_Zered [were]_thirty and_eight year[s] until was_finished all the_generation the_men the_war from_midst the_camp just_as he_had_sworn YHWH to/for_them.
15And_also the_hand of_YHWH it_was in/on/at/with_them to_root_out_them from_midst the_camp until perished_they.
16And_he/it_was just_as they_had_finished all the_men the_war to_died from_among the_people.
17and_he/it_spoke YHWH to_me to_say.
18You [are]_about_to_pass_over the_day DOM the_border of_Mōʼāⱱ DOM Ar.
19And_approach in_front_of the_people of_ˊAmmōn do_not harass_them and_not engage_in_strife in/on/at/with_them if/because not I_will_give any_of_land of_the_people of_ˊAmmōn to/for_yourself(m) a_possession if/because to_descendants of_Lōţ given_it a_possession.
20The_land of_[the]_Rephaites it_was_regarded also it [the]_Rephaites they_dwelt in/on/at/with_it to/for_before and_the_ˊAmmōnī they_called to/for_them Zamzummites.
21A_people great and_numerous and_tall as_as_the_ˊAnāqī and_destroyed_them YHWH from_their_face/front and_dispossessed_them and_they_lived in_place_their.
22Just_as he_had_done for_descendants of_ˊĒsāv the_live in/on/at/with_Sēˊīr whom he_destroyed DOM the_Horites from_their_face/front and_dispossessed_them and_they_lived in_place_their until the_day the_this.
23And_the_Avvites the_lived in/on/at/with_villages to ˊAzzāh [the]_Caphtorites the_came from_Caphtor destroyed_them and_they_lived in_place_their.
24Arise set_out and_cross DOM the_wadi of_ʼArnōn see I_have_given in/on/at/with_hand_your DOM Şīḩōn the_king of_Ḩeshbōn the_Emori and_DOM land_his begin take_possession_of_[it] and_engage in/on/over_him/it battle.
25The_day the_this I_will_begin to_put dread_you and_fear_you on the_face the_peoples under all the_heavens who hear report_you and_tremble and_in_anguish from_presence_of_you.

BMMBibleMapper.com Maps:

Map

Kadesh-Barnea and Its Surroundings

Though located in the arid desert region south of Israel, the town of Kadesh-barnea was relatively well supplied with water, making it one of the most important oases in the entire region. Multiple springs can be found within 6 miles (10 km) of Kadesh, including Ain Qedeis (possibly Hazar-addar), Ain el-Qudeirat (Kadesh-barnea), el-Qoseimeh (possibly Karka), and el-Muweilah (possibly Azmon), all of which drain into the Wadi al-Arish, likely the biblical Brook of Egypt, about 14 miles (23 km) to the west. Kadesh and its springs are sandwiched between the biblical locations of the Wilderness of Zin and the Wilderness of Paran, which explains why Kadesh is sometimes associated in Scripture with Zin (Numbers 20:1; 33:36; Deuteronomy 32:51) and other times with Paran (Numbers 13:26). The site is first mentioned in Scripture as one of the places through which Chedorlaomer’s army passed on its way to reconquer the cities of the plain (Genesis 14), and apparently at that time it was called Enmishpat, meaning “spring of judgment” (see “The Battle at the Valley of Siddim” map). Later Kadesh became a central location for the Israelites after they left Mount Sinai (and possibly before this as they traveled to Mount Sinai; see “The Route of the Exodus” map) and prepared to enter Canaan. From there they sent spies to scout out the land, but when the spies returned with an intimidating report about the inhabitants of Canaan, the people became afraid and longed to return to Egypt (Numbers 13-14; Deuteronomy 1:19-45). As punishment, the Lord condemned that generation to wander in the wilderness, apparently in the general area of Kadesh, until the people died off. Moses’ sister Miriam later died at Kadesh and was buried there (Numbers 20:1). Then, when the springs of Kadesh must have been producing little water, the people became angry with Moses again, so he struck a rock, causing water to flow from it (Numbers 20:2-13). After this, Moses called the place Meribah, meaning “quarreling” (Numbers 13; see also Numbers 20:24; 27:14; Deuteronomy 33:8; Psalm 81:7; 95:8; 106:32). It was also from Kadesh that Moses sent messengers to the king of Edom, asking permission to pass through his land as the Israelites made their way to Canaan. When the king of Edom refused, they turned back and traveled to Mount Hor instead (Numbers 20:14-22; Deuteronomy 1:46-2:1; Judges 11:16-17; see “The Journey to Abel-Shittim” map). After the Israelites entered Canaan, Kadesh marked the extreme southern boundary of Israel’s land (Numbers 33:4; Joshua 10:41; 15:3). Kadesh is never explicitly mentioned in Scripture after this except in reference to earlier events that happened there.

Map

The Israelites’ Journeys in the Wilderness

Numbers 13-14; 20-21; 33; Deuteronomy 1-2; 10:6-9

After the Israelites received the law on Mount Sinai, which may have been located at Khashm et-Tarif (see also “The Route of the Exodus”), they traveled to Kadesh-barnea, a distance that took eleven days “by the way of Mount Seir” (Deuteronomy 1:2). The phrase “by the way of Mount Seir” suggests that more than one route existed between Mount Sinai and Kadesh, as shown here, but the road the Israelites took probably ran alongside the mountainous region of Seir. This route would have offered greater access to water from wells, natural springs, and seasonal streams flowing from the hills of Seir–a critical necessity for a large group traveling through this very arid region. Nearly every location identified on this map was essentially a small community centered around one of these life-enabling sources of water. After reaching Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin, the Israelites prepared to enter Canaan by sending spies to scout out the land. But when ten of the twelve spies brought back news about the strength of the Canaanites, the people became afraid to enter the land, so the Lord punished them by condemning them to travel in the wilderness for forty years until that generation died off. Some Israelites repented and tried to enter the land, but they were beaten back to Hormah by the Amalekites and Canaanites. So for forty years the Israelites traveled from place to place, probably in the general area of Kadesh-barnea, though very few locations mentioned are able to be established with much certainty. As the forty years of traveling drew to a close, the Israelites prepared again to travel to Canaan by requesting permission from the king of Edom to pass through his land. When the king refused, the Israelites “turned away” from the Edomites and set out from Kadesh to travel to Mount Hor. The Jewish historian Josephus located Mount Hor at Jebel Nebi Harun, a very tall mountain in eastern Edom, but this has been rejected by many scholars in favor of other sites such as Jebel Madeira to the northeast of Kadesh. This author is convinced, however, that any candidate for Mount Hor must be sought to the south of Kadesh-barnea. Numbers 33:30 and Deuteronomy 10:6 mention that, during their wilderness travels, the Israelites camped at Moseroth/Moserah, which was apparently located at Mount Hor, since both Moseroth/Moserah and Mount Hor are cited as the place where Aaron died (Numbers 21:29-29; 33:37-39; Deuteronomy 10:6-9). It is difficult to envision the Israelites traveling back to the edge of Canaan after suffering defeat there the last time they attempted to enter the land. These same passages also note that after their stay at Moseroth/Moserah the Israelites traveled to Hor-haggidgad/Gudgodah (probably located along the Wadi Khadakhid) and then to Jotbathah, with no mention of passing through Kadesh, which they would have had to do if Mount Hor was north of Kadesh (since they were avoiding the land of Edom). Also, in Deuteronomy 2:1 Moses says that after the Israelites left Kadesh, “we journeyed back into the wilderness, in the direction of the Red Sea, as the Lord had told me and skirted Mount Seir for many days,” and Aaron’s death on Mount Hor fits best during this time. Similarly, Numbers 21:4 says “from Mount Hor they set out by the way to the Red Sea, to go around the land of Edom,” but there would have been no way to the Red Sea around the land of Edom if Mount Hor were located northeast of Kadesh. One element of the wilderness narratives that appears to favor a northeast location for Mount Hor, however, is the story of the king of Arad, which the book of Numbers (chapters 21 and 33) places immediately after the death of Aaron on Mount Hor. At first glance, the narrative seems to imply that the king attacked the Israelites at Mount Hor, which fits better with a northern location. Yet, it is also possible that the story is simply noting that it was after the Israelites’ arrival at Mount Hor that the king of Arad first learned of the Israelites’ renewed intentions to enter Canaan, perhaps as a result of their request to pass through Edom. But it may have been later that the king of Arad actually engaged them in battle, perhaps as they were passing north of Zalmonah and appeared to be ready to enter Canaan by way of Arad (see Numbers 33:41-42 and the map “The Journey to Abel-shittim”). For these reasons, this author believes that Har Karkom is the best candidate for the location of Mount Hor. The site is appropriately located at the edge of Seir and along the way to the Red Sea. This site’s role as an ancient cultic center is also well established. Perhaps Aaron’s priestly duties and authority in Israel had grown out of a similar role he had previously held at Mount Hor (see also Numbers 12:1-2; Deuteronomy 33:2; Judges 5:4-5), where he was eventually buried.

DEU 2:10–2:25 ©

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