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UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew

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עצם

Strong’s: H6105

Associated OET lemmas: עָצַם · עָצֹם

Authors: Reinier de Blois

Form 1

Part of speech: vb

Related lemmas: עָצוּם · עֶצֶם · עֹצֶם · עָצְמָה · עֲצֻמֹות · תַּעֲצֻמֹות

Sense 1: to be numerous, to be mighty

Semantic domains: Quantity (002001001042); Strong (002001001060)

Core domains: Quantity (138); Strength (172)

Definition: = state in which humans are numerous and therefore potentially powerful

Forms: vbqal-

Synonyms: גָּדֹול · רַב

GEN 26:16: OET GEN 26:16 (RV-only GEN 26:16 · LV-only GEN 26:16)

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OET-RV GEN 26:16

16 Then King Avimelek told Yitshak, “You all need to leave this area because you’ve become more powerful than us.”

OET-LV GEN 26:16

16 And_ ʼAⱱīmelek _he/it_said to Yiʦḩāq/(Isaac) go from_with_us if/because you_have_become_too_powerful from_him/it much.

EXO 1:7: OET EXO 1:7 (RV-only EXO 1:7 · LV-only EXO 1:7)

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OET-RV EXO 1:7

7 but they’d had many children who went on to have their own children and grandchildren, and so they became a large and powerful group there in Mitsrayim.

OET-LV EXO 1:7

7 And_the_sons of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) they_were_fruitful and_they_swarmed and_they_multiplied and_they_became_mighty with_muchness muchness and_ the_earth/land _she/it_was_filled DOM_them.
All 7 recorded passages for this sense

GEN: OET GEN 26:16 (RV-only GEN 26:16 · LV-only GEN 26:16)

EXO: OET EXO 1:7 · OET EXO 1:20 (RV-only EXO 1:7 · RV-only EXO 1:20 · LV-only EXO 1:7 · LV-only EXO 1:20)

PSA: OET PSA 38:19 · OET PSA 69:4 (RV-only PSA 38:19 · RV-only PSA 69:4 · LV-only PSA 38:20 · LV-only PSA 69:5)

ISA: OET ISA 31:1 (RV-only ISA 31:1 · LV-only ISA 31:1)

JER: OET JER 15:8 (RV-only JER 15:8 · LV-only JER 15:8)

Sense 2: to make numerous, to cause to be mighty

Semantic domains: Quantity (002001001042); Strong (002001001060)

Core domains: Quantity (138); Strength (172)

Definition: = causative action by which deities cause humans to be numerous and therefore potentially powerful

Forms: vbhif-

PSA 105:24: OET PSA 105:24 (RV-only PSA 105:24 · LV-only PSA 105:24)

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OET-RV PSA 105:24

24 Then Yahweh made his people have large families,
 ⇔ and made them much more powerful than their enemies.

OET-LV PSA 105:24

24 And_he_made_fruitful DOM people_of_his exceedingly and_he_made_it_strong more_than_of_its_foes.

Sense 3: to be numerous

Semantic domains: Frequency (002001003009)

Definition: = state in which events happen with a large frequency

Forms: vbqal-

Synonyms: רבה

PSA 40:6: OET PSA 40:5 (RV-only PSA 40:5 · LV-only PSA 40:6)

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OET-RV PSA 40:5

5 Yahweh my god, you’ve done many wonderful things,
 ⇔ and your thoughts about us can’t be numbered.
 ⇔ If I declared and spoke about them,
 ⇔ they would be too many to count.

OET-LV PSA 40:6

6  Many you_have_made you Oh_YHWH god_of_my wonders_of_your and_plans_of_your to_us there_is_not to_compare to_you I_will_declare and_I_will_speak they_are_too_numerous for_recounting.

PSA 40:13: OET PSA 40:12 (RV-only PSA 40:12 · LV-only PSA 40:13)

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OET-RV PSA 40:12

12 More troubles surround me than I can even count.
 ⇔ My disobedience has caught up with me so that I’m no longer able to see anything else.
 ⇔ They’re more than the hairs on my head, and my heart fails me.

OET-LV PSA 40:13

13  If/because they_have_encompassed (on)_me troubles until there_was_not number they_have_overtaken_me iniquities_of_my and_not I_am_able to_see they_are_numerous more_than_the_hairs_of my_head and_heart_of_my it_has_abandoned_me.
All 6 recorded passages for this sense

PSA: OET PSA 40:5 · OET PSA 40:12 · OET PSA 139:17 (RV-only PSA 40:5 · RV-only PSA 40:12 · RV-only PSA 139:17 · LV-only PSA 40:6 · LV-only PSA 40:13 · LV-only PSA 139:17)

JER: OET JER 5:6 · OET JER 30:14–15 (RV-only JER 5:6 · RV-only JER 30:14–15 · LV-only JER 5:6 · LV-only JER 30:14–15)

Sense 4: to be intense, to be great

Semantic domains: Intense (002001003012)

Core domains: Intensity (090)

Definition: = state in which an event happens with intensity

Forms: vbqal-

DAN 8:24: OET DAN 8:24 (RV-only DAN 8:24 · LV-only DAN 8:24)

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OET-RV DAN 8:24

24 His power will increase, but it won’t be his own power. He bring about horrific destruction, and he’ll succeed in what he does. He’ll destroy powerful men and some of God’s people.

OET-LV DAN 8:24

24 And_ power_of_his _it_will_be_mighty and_not by_his_own_of_power and_extraordinary_things he_will_destroy and_he_will_succeed and_he_will_act and_he_will_destroy mighty_ones and_a_people_of holy_ones.

Sense 5: to be strong, to be powerful, to be mighty

Semantic domains: Strong (002001001060)

Core domains: Strength (172)

Definition: = state in which humans or animals have physical, political, or military strength

Forms: vbqal-

DAN 8:8: OET DAN 8:8 (RV-only DAN 8:8 · LV-only DAN 8:8)

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OET-RV DAN 8:8

8 Then the billy goat became even more powerful, but at its peak, the large horn was broken, and in its place, four prominent horns came up facing in the four different compass directions.

OET-LV DAN 8:8

8 And_the_he-goat_of the_goats it_magnified_itself up_to muchness and_just_as_it_became_mighty the_horn (the)_great it_was_broken and_ conspicuousness four _they_grew_up in_its_place to_the_four the_winds_of the_heavens.

DAN 11:23: OET DAN 11:23 (RV-only DAN 11:23 · LV-only DAN 11:23)

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OET-RV DAN 11:23

23 After an alliance is made with him, he’ll act deceitfully then he’ll go up and become powerful with a small number of people.

OET-LV DAN 11:23

23 And_from made_an_alliance to_him/it he_will_act deceit and_he/it_would_go_up and_he_will_become_mighty with_fewness_of a_nation.

Form 2

Part of speech: vb

Related lemmas: עֶצֶם

Sense 1: to gnaw the bones

Semantic domains: Impact (002001001023)

Core domains: Food (069); Aggression (006)

Definition: = causative action by which animals chew on the bones of their prey, which may be broken in the process; ≈ used figuratively to denote one nation conquering and destroying another

Forms: vbpiel

Synonyms: אכל

JER 50:17: OET JER 50:17 (RV-only JER 50:17 · LV-only JER 50:17)

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OET-RV JER 50:17

17 Yisrael (Israel) is like sheep that were scattered and driven away by lions.
 ⇔ Firstly, the Assyrian king devoured its meat,
 ⇔ then after that, the Babylonian King Nevukadnetsar (Nebuchadnezzar) chomped on its bones.

OET-LV JER 50:17

17 Is_sheep scattered Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) which_lions they_have_driven_away the_first he_devoured_it the_king_of ʼAshshūr and_this the_last he_gnawed_its_bones Nəⱱūkadneʦʦar the_king_of Bāⱱel.

Form 3

Part of speech: vb

Sense 1: to refrain from

Semantic domains: Non-Engage (002003003011)

Definition: literally: to close the eyes (from doing something); hence: = action by which humans deliberately and purposefully refrain from engaging in a particlar activity

Forms: vbqal-

Collocations: עצם עֵינַיִם

ISA 33:15: OET ISA 33:15 (RV-only ISA 33:15 · LV-only ISA 33:15)

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OET-RV ISA 33:15

15 The one who does what’s right,
 ⇔ ≈ and is honest in what they say,
 ⇔ who rejects dishonest gain from extortion,
 ⇔ ≈ and who avoids shaking hands on a deal involving a bribe,
 ⇔ who refuses to listen to ideas of murder,
 ⇔ and who won’t let his eyes look into evil schemes,

OET-LV ISA 33:15

15 one_who_walks righteousness(es) and_one_who_speaks uprightness(es) one_who_rejects (in)_unjust_gain_of extortion(s) one_who_shakes palms_of_his from_taking_hold on_bribe one_who_shuts ear_of_his from_hearing blood(s) and_one_who_shuts eyes_of_his from_looking on_evil.

Sense 2: to close (someone's) eyes

Semantic domains: Unable (002001001062)

Core domains: Ability (001); Prophecy (134)

Definition: literally: to close (someone's) eyes; hence: = causative action by which deities cause humans to be unable to see prophetic visions, ◄ as if their eyes were closed

Forms: vbpiel

Collocations: עצם עֵינַיִם

ISA 29:10: OET ISA 29:10 (RV-only ISA 29:10 · LV-only ISA 29:10)

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OET-RV ISA 29:10

10 because Yahweh has poured a spirit of deep sleep out onto you all,
 ⇔ and has shut your prophets’ eyes,
 ⇔ ≈ and has covered your visionaries’ heads.

OET-LV ISA 29:10

10 If/because he_has_poured_out on_you(pl) YHWH a_spirit_of deep_sleep and_he_has_shut DOM your(pl)_eyes DOM the_prophets and_DOM heads_of_your(pl) the_seers he_has_covered.