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Tyndale Open Bible Dictionary

CROWN

Headpiece symbolizing honor or high office. In addition to using the word metaphorically, the OT refers to three kinds of crowns. One type of crown was worn by the high priest and Hebrew kings. The high priest’s “holy crown” was a gold plate engraved with the words “Holy to the Lord” fastened to the front of a turban (Ex 29:6 (RV · LV · Read together); 39:30 (RV · LV · Read together)). It symbolized his consecration as the people’s representative before God. The Hebrew kings wore a crown light enough to be worn into battle (2 Sm 1:10 (RV · LV · Read together))—perhaps a narrow band of silk studded with jewels. Like the high priest’s, the king’s crown also indicated a divinely appointed office (2 Kgs 11:12 (RV · LV · Read together); Pss 89:39 (RV · LV PSA 89:40 · Read together); 132:18 (RV · LV · Read together)). A second type of crown was a massive gold and jeweled symbol of office worn by pagan kings and idols (2 Sm 12:30 (RV · LV · Read together); Est 1:11 (RV · LV · Read together)). The prophet Zechariah placed such a crown on Joshua the high priest to indicate the union of royal and priestly functions (Zec 6:11, 14 (RV ZEC 6:11 · RV ZEC 6:14 · LV ZEC 6:11 · LV ZEC 6:14 · Read together ZEC 6:11 · Read together ZEC 6:14)). A third type of crown was a wreath of flowers used at a banquet to symbolize joy and celebration (Sg 3:11 (RV · LV · Read together); Is 28:1 (RV · LV · Read together); Wisd of Sol 2:8 (RV · LV · Read together)).

EXO 29:6: RV EXO 29:6 · LV EXO 29:6 · Read together EXO 29:6

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OET-RV EXO 29:6

6 Put the turban on his head and attach the sacred gold ornament to it,

OET-LV EXO 29:6

6 And_you _will _put the_turban on his/its_head and_you _will _put DOM the _crown _of (the)_holiness on the_turban.

EXO 39:30: RV EXO 39:30 · LV EXO 39:30 · Read together EXO 39:30

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OET-RV EXO 39:30

30 They made a decorative plate (to represent a holy crown) from pure gold and they engraved ‘Dedicated to Yahweh’ on it (like you’d do for a signet ring).

OET-LV EXO 39:30

30 And_they _made DOM the _plate _of the _crown _of (the)_holiness gold pure and_they _inscribed on/upon/above_him/it an _inscription _of the_engravings _of a _seal holiness to/for_YHWH.

SA2 1:10: RV SA2 1:10 · LV SA2 1:10 · Read together SA2 1:10

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OET-RV SA2 1:10

10 So I stood over him and killed him, because I knew that with those wounds, he wouldn’t live. Then I took the crown off his head and the bracelet on his arm, and I brought them here to you, my master.”

OET-LV SA2 1:10

10 And_I _stood on/upon/above_him/it and_I_killed _him if/because I _knew if/because _that not he _will _live after he_had _fallen and_I _took the_crown which was_on his/its_head and_an _armlet which was_on arm _of_his and_I_brought _them to my_master here.

KI2 11:12: RV KI2 11:12 · LV KI2 11:12 · Read together KI2 11:12

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OET-RV KI2 11:12

12 Then the priest brought young Yoash out and put the crown on his head. He handed him the official scroll, and they anointed him and made him king. Then they clapped their hands and shouted, “Long live the king!”

OET-LV KI2 11:12

12 And_he _brought _out DOM the _son _of the_king and_he/it _gave on/upon/above_him/it DOM the_crown and_DOM the_transcript and_they _made _king DOM_him/it and_they_anointed _him and_they _struck a _palm and_they _said the_king may _he _live.

PSA 89:39: RV PSA 89:39 · LV PSA 89:40 · Read together PSA 89:39

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OET-RV PSA 89:39

39 You have renounced the agreement with your servant.
⇔ You have desecrated his crown in the dust.

OET-LV PSA 89:40

40  You _have _repudiated the _covenant _of your _servant _of_your you _have _profaned to_ground crown _of_his.

PSA 132:18: RV PSA 132:18 · LV PSA 132:18 · Read together PSA 132:18

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OET-RV PSA 132:18

18 I’ll cause his enemies to be shamed,
⇔ and it’s his crown that will shine.

OET-LV PSA 132:18

18 Enemies _of_his I _will _clothe shame and_on_him crown _of_his it _will _shine.

SA2 12:30: RV SA2 12:30 · LV SA2 12:30 · Read together SA2 12:30

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OET-RV SA2 12:30

30 He took the king’s crown off his head (it was gold and weighed around 30kg), and it was placed on his head. A lot of other plunder was also taken from the city.

OET-LV SA2 12:30

30 And_he/it _took DOM the _crown _of their _king _of_their from_under his/its_head and_weight _of_its was_a _talent _of gold and_stone _of precious and_it _became on the _head _of Dāvid and_the _plunder _of the_city he _brought _out much very.

EST 1:11: RV EST 1:11 · LV EST 1:11 · Read together EST 1:11

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OET-RV EST 1:11

11 to bring Queen Vashti to him, wearing her royal crown, in order to show the officials and other people how good-looking she was, because she was very beautiful.

OET-LV EST 1:11

11 To_bring DOM Vashti the_queen to_(the)_face _of/in _front _of/before the_king with_a _crown _of royalty to_show the_peoples and_the_officials DOM beauty _of_her if/because was_good _of appearance she.

ZEC 6:11; ZEC 6:14: RV ZEC 6:11 · RV ZEC 6:14 · LV ZEC 6:11 · LV ZEC 6:14 · Read together ZEC 6:11 · Read together ZEC 6:14

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OET-RV ZEC 6:11

11 Then take the gold and silver, and make a crown and place it on the head of the high priest, Yehoshua (Joshua) (Yehotsadak’s son)

OET-RV ZEC 6:14

14 Then the crown will be given to Helday, to Toviyah, to Yedayah, and to Tsefanyah’s son Hen as a memorial in Yahweh’s temple.

OET-LV ZEC 6:11

11 And_you _will _take silver and_gold and_you _will _make a _crown(s) and_you _will _put_it on_the _head _of Yəhōshūˊa/(Joshua) the _son _of Yəhōʦādāq/(Jehozadak) the_priest/officer (the)_great.

OET-LV ZEC 6:14

14 And_the_crown(s) it _will _be to_Helem and_to_Ţōⱱiy^yāh and_to_Yədaˊ^yāh and_to_Ḩēn the _son _of Tsəfan^yāh to_a _memorial in_(the)_palace of_YHWH.

SNG 3:11: RV SNG 3:11 · LV SNG 3:11 · Read together SNG 3:11

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OET-RV SNG 3:11

11 Go out and look, young women of Tsiyon (Zion), at King Shelomoh.
⇔ Look at the crown his mother crowned him with
⇔ on the day of his wedding—
⇔ on the day that his heart was filled with happiness.

OET-LV SNG 3:11

11 Come _out and_look Oh _daughters _of Tsiyyōn/(Zion) on_king Shəlomoh on_crown which_she _crowned for_him/it his/its_mother in/on_day his _wedding _of_his and_on_the _day _of the _rejoicing _of his/its_heart.

ISA 28:1: RV ISA 28:1 · LV ISA 28:1 · Read together ISA 28:1

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OET-RV ISA 28:1

28 You won’t end well Shomron (Samaria), you proud crown of Efrayim’s (Ephraim) drunkards
⇔ or its beauty and splendour that’s fading like a flower past its prime.
⇔ There at the head of a lush valley that’s struck down by wine.

OET-LV ISA 28:1

28 Woe _to the _crown _of (the)_pride _of the _drunkards _of ʼEfrayim and_the_blossom which_withers the _beauty _of its _splendour _of_his which is_on the_head _of a _valley _of fatness(es) those_struck _down _of wine.

WIS 2:8: RV WIS 2:8 · LV WIS 2:8 · Read together WIS 2:8

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OET-RV WIS 2:8

8 Let’s crown ourselves with rosebuds before they wither.

OET-LV WIS 2:8

8 ⟦Στεψώμεθα⟧ ⟦ῥόδων⟧ ⟦κάλυξι⟧ ⟦πρινὴ⟧ ⟦μαρανθῆναι⟧.

The word “crown” is used metaphorically to indicate rule or royalty (Na 3:17 (RV · LV · Read together), KJB), glory or honor (Jb 19:9 (RV · LV · Read together); Ps 8:5 (RV · LV PSA 8:6 · Read together); Ez 16:12 (RV · LV · Read together)), joy (Ez 23:42 (RV · LV · Read together)), or pride (Jb 31:36 (RV · LV · Read together); Is 28:3 (RV · LV · Read together)).

NAH 3:17: RV NAH 3:17 · LV NAH 3:17 · Read together NAH 3:17

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OET-RV NAH 3:17

17 Your many guards are like locusts,
⇔ and you have a swarm of officials.
⇔ On a cold morning they settle on the walls,
⇔ but when the sun rises they fly away
⇔ to some place that nobody knows about.

OET-LV NAH 3:17

17 Courtiers _of_your are_like_locust and_officials _of_your are_like_a _locust _of locust[s] which_encamp in_walls in/on_day coldness the_sun it _rises and_it _flees and_not place _of_its where_are_they it _is _known.

JOB 19:9: RV JOB 19:9 · LV JOB 19:9 · Read together JOB 19:9

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OET-RV JOB 19:9

9 He’s taken away all my honour,
⇔ and removed the crown from on my head.

OET-LV JOB 19:9

9 Honour _of_my from_on_me he _has _stripped _off and_he _has _removed the _crown _of my_head.

PSA 8:5: RV PSA 8:5 · LV PSA 8:6 · Read together PSA 8:5

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OET-RV PSA 8:5

⇔  5 You’ve made him a little lower than God (or ‘gods’),
⇔ and poured splendour and majesty over him.

OET-LV PSA 8:6

6  And_you_have _made _him _lack little from_god and_honour and_majesty you_crown _him.

EZE 16:12: RV EZE 16:12 · LV EZE 16:12 · Read together EZE 16:12

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OET-RV EZE 16:12

12 I put a ring in your nose and earrings in your ears, and a beautiful crown on your head.

OET-LV EZE 16:12

12 And_I _put a _ring on nose _of_your and_earrings on ears _of_your and_a _crown _of beauty on_head _of_your.

EZE 23:42: RV EZE 23:42 · LV EZE 23:42 · Read together EZE 23:42

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OET-RV EZE 23:42

42 Then the sound of a noisy crowd was around her as all kinds of men, even Sava, were brought in from the wilderness, and they put bracelets on their hands and beautiful crowns on their heads.

OET-LV EZE 23:42

42 And_the_sound a _multitude at _ease was_in_her and_near/to men of_the_multitude _of humankind were_brought Şāⱱāʼ from_the_wilderness and_they _put bracelets to hands _of_their and_a _crown _of beauty on heads _of_their.

JOB 31:36: RV JOB 31:36 · LV JOB 31:36 · Read together JOB 31:36

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OET-RV JOB 31:36

36 If I didn’t display it up on my shoulder,
⇔ I’d tie it around my head like a crown.

OET-LV JOB 31:36

36 If not on shoulder _of_my I_will _carry _it I_will _tie _it _on a _crown(s) to_me.

ISA 28:3: RV ISA 28:3 · LV ISA 28:3 · Read together ISA 28:3

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OET-RV ISA 28:3

3 The proud crown of Efrayim’s drunkards will be trampled underfoot.

OET-LV ISA 28:3

3 With_feet the _crown _of (the)_pride _of the _drunkards _of ʼEfrayim they _will _be _trampled.

In the NT the most common word for “crown” means a laurel wreath worn at banquets or a prize given as a civic or military honor. The apostle Paul alluded to its use as an athletic prize when he urged Christians to be disciplined in striving for a “crown” that would not wither (1 Cor 9:25 (RV · LV · Read together); 2 Tm 2:5 (RV · LV · Read together)). Paul regarded his converts as his “joy and crown” (Phil 4:1 (RV · LV · Read together); 1 Thes 2:19 (RV · LV · Read together)).

CO1 9:25: RV CO1 9:25 · LV CO1 9:25 · Read together CO1 9:25

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OET-RV CO1 9:25

25 But everyone who competes has to exercise self-control in every aspect. They do it in order to win a wreath that’ll quickly wilt, but we work towards one that never deteriorates.

OET-LV CO1 9:25

25 But everyone which striving, all things is _controlling himself, those therefore on _one _hand in _order _that a_perishable crown they _may _receive, on _the _other _hand we an_indestructible one.

TI2 2:5: RV TI2 2:5 · LV TI2 2:5 · Read together TI2 2:5

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OET-RV TI2 2:5

5 Similarly the athlete won’t win the competition if they don’t follow the rules.

OET-LV TI2 2:5

5 And also if anyone may _be _competing, not is _being _crowned, if he _may_ not _compete lawfully.

PHP 4:1: RV PHP 4:1 · LV PHP 4:1 · Read together PHP 4:1

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OET-RV PHP 4:1

4 So then, my dear brothers and sisters, my delight and my crown, I miss you all, so guard your faith in the master, dear ones.

OET-LV PHP 4:1

4 So _then, brothers of _me beloved and longed for, joy and crown of _me, thus be _standing _firm in the_master, beloved.

TH1 2:19: RV TH1 2:19 · LV TH1 2:19 · Read together TH1 2:19

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OET-RV TH1 2:19

19 Because who is it that encourages and pleases us and that we can brag about? Won’t it be you all there in front of our master Yeshua (Jesus; Grk. Yesus) when he returns,

OET-LV TH1 2:19

19 For/Because who is of _us the_hope or the_joy or the_crown of _boasting?
Or not are even you _all, before the master of _us, Yaʸsous, at the of _him coming?

A victor’s wreath symbolizes the eternal life inherited by Christians who have persevered (Jas 1:12 (RV · LV · Read together); 1 Pt 5:4 (RV · LV · Read together); Rv 2:10 (RV · LV · Read together); 3:11 (RV · LV · Read together)). In the book of Revelation the victories of the locusts (9:7 (RV · LV · Read together)), the woman (12:1 (RV · LV · Read together)), and Christ (6:2 (RV · LV · Read together); 14:14 (RV · LV · Read together)) are symbolized by laurel crowns. A different Greek word, meaning a royal crown, is used for the diadems on the heads of the dragon (12:3 (RV · LV · Read together)), the beast from the sea (13:1 (RV · LV · Read together)), and Christ (19:12 (RV · LV · Read together)).

JAM 1:12: RV JAM 1:12 · LV JAM 1:12 · Read together JAM 1:12

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OET-RV JAM 1:12

12 Any person who’s enduring testing circumstances is fortunate, because once they’ve passed the test, they’ll receive a crown of life that Yeshua (Jesus; Grk. Yesus) promised to those who love him.

OET-LV JAM 1:12

12 Blessed is the_man who is _enduring trial, because approved having _become, he _will _be _receiving the crown of_ the _life, that he _promised to _the ones loving him.

PE1 5:4: RV PE1 5:4 · LV PE1 5:4 · Read together PE1 5:4

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OET-RV PE1 5:4

4 Then when the chief shepherd returns, you elders will receive the unfading crown of honour.

OET-LV PE1 5:4

4 And the chief _shepherd having _been _revealed, you _all _will _be _receiving _back the unfading crown of_ the _glory.

REV 2:10: RV REV 2:10 · LV REV 2:10 · Read together REV 2:10

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OET-RV REV 2:10

10 Don’t be afraid about what you’re going to suffer. Yes, the devil will throw some of you into prison where your faith will be tested, and you’ll experience persecution for ten days. Just remain faithful, even if it means death, and I’ll give you life as a reward.

OET-LV REV 2:10

10 Not be _fearing what you _are _going to _be _suffering.
Behold, is _going to _be _casting some the devil of you _all into prison, in _order _that you _all _may _be _tested, and you _all _will _be _having tribulation ten for _days.
Be _becoming faithful until death, and I _will _be _giving to _you the crown of_ the _life.

REV 3:11: RV REV 3:11 · LV REV 3:11 · Read together REV 3:11

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OET-RV REV 3:11

11 I’ll come quickly. Hold firmly to what you have so that no one can take away your crown.

OET-LV REV 3:11

11 I _am _coming quickly, be _taking _hold _of what you _are _having, in _order _that no _one may _take the crown of _you.

REV 9:7: RV REV 9:7 · LV REV 9:7 · Read together REV 9:7

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OET-RV REV 9:7

7 The locusts looked like horses that had been prepared for battle, with something on their heads that were similar to golden crowns and their faces being like human faces.

OET-LV REV 9:7

7 And the likenesses of _the locusts was similar to _horses having _been _prepared for war, and something on the heads of _them were like crowns similar to _gold, and the faces of _them like the_faces of _humans,

REV 12:1: RV REV 12:1 · LV REV 12:1 · Read together REV 12:1

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OET-RV REV 12:1

12 Then a miraculous sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, and with the moon under her feet, and a crown of twelve stars on her head.

OET-LV REV 12:1

12 And a_sign great was _seen in the heaven:
a_woman having _been _clothed with _the sun, and the moon was beneath the feet of _her, and on the head of _her a_crown twelve of _stars,

REV 6:2: RV REV 6:2 · LV REV 6:2 · Read together REV 6:2

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OET-RV REV 6:2

2 So I looked, and wow, there was a white horse with someone sitting on it holding a bow and arrow. A crown was given to him, and then he went out as a conqueror to conquer.

OET-LV REV 6:2

2 And I _looked, and see, a_horse white, and the one sitting on it having a_bow, and was _given to _him a_crown, and he _came _out conquering, and that he _may _conquer.

REV 14:14: RV REV 14:14 · LV REV 14:14 · Read together REV 14:14

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OET-RV REV 14:14

14 Then I looked and wow, there was a white cloud, and someone who looked like a human was sitting on the cloud with a golden crown on his head and a sharp sickle (harvesting tool) in his hand.

OET-LV REV 14:14

14 And I _looked, and see, a_cloud white, and on the cloud sitting one similar the_son of _Man, having on the head of _him a_crown golden, and in the hand of _him a_sickle sharp.

REV 12:3: RV REV 12:3 · LV REV 12:3 · Read together REV 12:3

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OET-RV REV 12:3

3 Another miraculous sign appeared in heaven, and wow, a huge, red dinosaur with seven heads, ten horns, and seven crowns on his heads.

OET-LV REV 12:3

3 And was _seen another sign in the heaven:
and see, a_dragon red great having seven heads, and ten horns, and on the heads of _him seven crowns,

REV 13:1: RV REV 13:1 · LV REV 13:1 · Read together REV 13:1

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OET-RV REV 13:1

13 and I saw a wild creature coming up out of the water. It had ten horns and seven heads, and on its horns were ten crowns, and anti-God names were written on each of its heads.

OET-LV REV 13:1

13 And I _saw out _of the sea a_wild _animal going _up, having ten horns and seven heads, and on the horns of _it ten crowns, and on the heads of _it a_name of _slander.

REV 19:12: RV REV 19:12 · LV REV 19:12 · Read together REV 19:12

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OET-RV REV 19:12

12 His eyes shone like a flame of fire, and he had many crowns on his head, with a name written (on him? See v16) that no one knows except himself,

OET-LV REV 19:12

12 And the eyes of _him are a_flame of _fire, and on the head of _him crowns many, having name having _been _written, which no _one has _known, except not/lest he,

Jesus’ crown of thorns was a circlet formed from a prickly shrub—an ironic parody of a victor’s wreath (Mk 15:17-18 (RV · LV · Read together)). Its combination with the robe, scepter (Mt 27:27-29 (RV · LV · Read together)), and satirical inscription on the cross that Jesus was “the King of the Jews” (Mk 15:26 (RV · LV · Read together)), were all meant to mock him as a defeated messianic aspirant.