God’s Wrath against Sin

[The] wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all [the] godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by [their] wickedness. 19 For [what may be] known [about] God is plain to them, because God has made [it] plain to them. 20 For since [the] creation of [the] world [God’s] invisible qualities, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood from His workmanship, so that [men] are without excuse.

21 

For although they knew God, they neither glorified [Him] as God [nor] gave thanks [to Him], but they became futile in their thinking and darkened in their foolish hearts. 22 Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools, 23 and exchanged[fn] the glory of the immortal God for vvv images of mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles.

24 

Therefore God gave them over in the desires of their hearts to impurity for the dishonoring of their bodies with [one another]. 25 [They] exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is vvv vvv forever worthy of praise![fn] Amen.

26 

For this reason God gave them over to dishonorable passions. Even their women exchanged natural relations for vvv unnatural [ones]. 27 Likewise, the men abandoned natural relations with women [and] burned with lust for one another. Men committed indecent [acts] with [other] men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.

28 

Furthermore, since vvv they did not see fit to acknowledge God, [He] gave them up to a depraved mind, to do what vvv ought not to be done. 29 They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, sexual immorality,[fn] evil, greed, [and] depravity. [They are] full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, [and] malice. [They are] gossips, 30 slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant, [and] boastful. [They] invent [new] forms of evil; they disobey [their] parents. 31 [They are] senseless, faithless, heartless, unforgiving,[fn] merciless.

32 

[Although they] know God’s righteous decree that those who do such things are worthy of death, {they} not only continue to do these things, but also approve of those who practice [them]. 2