18 God’s severe anger is being revealed from heaven on the ungodliness and disobedience of people who limit the truth by their disobedience 19 because the fact that there is a God has been shown to them because God himself has revealed it. 20 Ever since the creation of the world, the invisible attributes of God have been clearly seen through his workmanship—both his eternal power and his divinity—so people have no excuse. 21 [ref]Even though they know about God, they didn’t honour or thank him, but their theories made them incompetent and their minds turned from perception towards darkness. 22 They claimed to be scientific but instead they believed foolishness 23 [ref]and so they changed the greatness of the eternal God into the likeness of an image of a mortal human, or birds or animals or reptiles.

24 Therefore God reluctantly let their lusts lead to impurity and the dishonouring of their bodies among themselves 25 as they exchanged God’s truth for a lie and now worshipped and served the creation, instead of the creator who should be praised throughout the ages. May it be so.

26 Because of that, God reluctantly let them exercise their dishonourable passions and their women exchanged natural acts for those against nature, 27 and similarly their men deserted the natural acts towards women and stoked their lusts towards each other—man with man and the shame that it produces, and then received back in themselves the payment which is appropriate for such deception.

28 They didn’t want to know about God and so he reluctantly let their depraved minds be filled with unhelpful thoughts 29 and so they were filled with disobedience, wickedness, greediness, and malice, and full of envy, murder, strife, and deceit, becoming malicious, gossips, 30 slanderers, god-haters, abusers, proud, braggers, inventors of evil, unable to be persuaded by their parents, 31 unintelligent, untrustworthy, unloving, and unmerciful. 32 They know that God must exercise justice towards those doing such things, yet they not only practice those things which will lead to a death sentence, but they also approve when others do them.