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Open English Translation 1SA Chapter 21

1SA 21 ©

Readers’ Version

Literal Version

21:1 David stays at Nob

21David went to the priest Ahimelek at Nob, but Ahimelek trembled when he saw David and asked him, “Why are you here by yourself? How come you don’t have a companion?”[ref]

2“The king sent me on an errand,” David replied, “but he told me not to tell anyone about the matter that he sent me on. Plus I’ve told my young men where to meet me. 3Now, what food do you have on hand? Give me five loaves of bread or whatever you can find.”

4“There is no ordinary bread on hand,” the priest answered. “But there is the sacred bread, if only the young men have kept themselves from women.”

5There’s definitely been no women near us for three days,” David told the priest. “That’s how I always do missions. The men[fn] have been pure, even though it was a common journey, and today even more so.”

6So the priest gave him the sacred bread, because there was no other bread there other than the previous day’s bread of the presence which had been removed from in front of Yahweh to be replaced by fresh bread.[ref]

7Now it so happened that one of Sha’ul’s servants was there that day presenting himself to Yahweh. He was Doeg the Edomite, a leader of Sha’ul’s herdsmen.

8David asked Ahimelek, “Do you have any spear or sword here? I didn’t have time to grab my sword or my weapons when I left, because the king’s matter was urgent.”

9I’ve only got Goliat’s sword,” replied the priest. “From the Philistine who you killed in the Elah valley. Look, it’s wrapped in the cloak behind the sacred apron. If you want to take it for yourself, take it, because there’s no other sword around here.”

Yes, there’s no other sword like it,” said David. “Get it for me.”[ref]

21[fn] and_he/it_rose_up and_left and_Yōnātān he_went the_city.
2[fn] and_came Dāvid Nōd_to to ʼAḩīmelek the_priest/officer and_came_trembling ʼAḩīmelek to_meet Dāvid and_he/it_said to_him/it why [are]_you by_self_of_you and_one there_[is]_not with_you.
3[fn] and_he/it_said Dāvid to_ʼAḩīmelek the_priest/officer the_king charged_me a_matter and_he/it_said to_me anyone not let_him_know anything DOM the_matter which I sending_you and_which charged_you and_DOM the_young_men I_have_directed to a_place of_a_certain_one a_certain_one.
4[fn] and_now what [is]_there under hand_you five bread[s] give in/on/at/with_hand_of_me or the_found.
5[fn] and_answered the_priest/officer DOM Dāvid and_he/it_said there_[is]_not bread of_profaneness to under hand_I if/because (if) bread of_holiness there_[is] if they_have_kept_themselves the_young_men only from_women.
6[fn] and_answered Dāvid DOM the_priest/officer and_he/it_said to_him/it if/because (if) woman [is]_withheld to/for_us as_yesterday three_days_ago in/on/at/with_set_out_I and_they_were the_vessels the_young_men holiness and_he [is]_a_journey of_profaneness and_also if/because the_day it_is_holy in/on/at/with_vessels.
7[fn] and_gave to_him/it the_priest/officer a_holy_thing if/because not it_was there bread if/because (if) the_bread the_presence the_removed from_to/for_face/front/presence YHWH in_order_to_replaced bread of_heat in/on_day taken_away_it.
8[fn] and_there a_man of_servants of_Shāʼūl in_the_day (the)_that [he_was]_detained to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH and_his/its_name [was]_Doʼēg the_ʼEdōmite the_mighty_[one] the_shepherds who to_Shāʼūl’s.
9[fn] and_he/it_said Dāvid to_ʼAḩīmelek and_not there_[is] here under hand_you a_spear or a_sword if/because both sword_my and_also weapons_my not I_took in/on/at/with_hand_of_me if/because it_was the_matter the_king urgent.

21:10 David flees to Gat

10Then David left and continued moving to distance himself from Sha’ul, and he went to King Akish of Gat. 11But Akish’s servants complained to him, “Isn’t that David who’ll become king of Israel? Isn’t he the one they sing about when they dance, chanting, ‘Sha’ul has killed his thousands, and David his tens of thousands?’ ”[ref]

12David listened to those words without any reaction because he was very afraid of what King Akish might do,[ref] 13so he changed his behaviour when he was with them and pretended to be insane. He scratched on wooden doors and let his saliva dribble down his beard.[ref] 14Then King Akish complained to his servants, “Look, that man’s insane. Why did you all bring him to me? 15Don’t I already have enough madmen around here—why add another? Must that man come into my house?”


21:5 The Hebrew says ‘the men’s vessels’ (or ‘containers’). It’s not culturally clear if that referred to their ‘bodies’ (as this translation implies) or to something they carried.


21:1-6: Mat 12:3-4; Mrk 2:25-26; Luk 6:3.

21:6: Lev 24:5-9.

21:9: 1Sam 17:51.

21:11: 1Sam 18:7; 29:5.

21:12: Psa 56 header.

21:13: Psa 34 header.

10[fn] and_he/it_said the_priest/officer the_sword of_Gāləyat the_Philistine whom you_struck_down in/on/at/with wwww here it [is]_wrapped in/on/at/with_cloth behind the_ephod if DOM_her/it you_will_take to/for_yourself(m) take_[it] if/because there_[is]_not another except_that_one in/on/at/with_here and_he/it_said Dāvid there_[is]_not like_it give_it to/for_me.
11[fn] and_he/it_rose_up Dāvid and_fled in_the_day (the)_that from_face/in_front_of Shāʼūl and_went to ʼAkīsh the_king of_Gat.
12[fn] and_they_said the_servants of_ʼAkīsh to_him/it am_not [is]_this Dāvid the_king the_earth/land am_not of_this do_people_sing in/on/at/with_dances to_say he_has_struck_down Shāʼūl in/on/at/with_thousands_his[fn] and_Dāvid in/on/at/with_ten_thousands_his[fn].
13[fn] and_he/it_assigned Dāvid DOM the_words the_these in/on/at/with_heart_him and_afraid exceedingly from_face/in_front_of ʼAkīsh the_king of_Gat.
14[fn] and_changed_he DOM behavior_his in/on/at/with_presence_them and_pretended_to_be_mad in/on/at/with_hands_their and_scratched_marks[fn] on the_doors the_gate and_run_down saliva_his to beard_his.
15[fn] and_he/it_said ʼAkīsh to servants_his there you_all_see a_man behaving_like_a_madman to/for_what do_you_all_bring DOM_him/it to_me.

1SA 21 ©

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