UBS Hebrew Dictionary Article

Form 1

Part of speech: vb

Sense 1: to test

Semantic domains: Test (002004002013)

Definition: = action by which humans or deities examine the character of humans by having them engage in a certain activity, ◄ as a goldsmith tests the quality of a precious metal by smelting it in the fire

Forms: vbqal-

Synonyms: בחן · פקד

JDG 7:4: RV JDG 7:4 · LV JDG 7:4 · Read together JDG 7:4

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OET-RV JDG 7:4

4 “That’s still too many,” Yahweh told Gid’on. “Bring them down to the spring and I’ll short-list them there. Anyone I tell you to go with you, can do so, but anyone that I say won’t go with you, won’t go.”

OET-LV JDG 7:4

4 And_ YHWH _he/it _said to Gidˊōn still the_people is_numerous bring _down them to the_waters so_that_I _may _test _it to/for_yourself(m) there and_it _was the_one_whom I _will _say to_you this_one he _will _go with_you he he _will _go with_you and_all/each/any/every one_whom I _will _say to_you this_one not he _will _go with_you he not he _will _go.

PSA 17:3: RV PSA 17:3 · LV PSA 17:3 · Read together PSA 17:3

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OET-RV PSA 17:3

⇔  3 If you test my inner motives,
⇔ if you come to me in the night to test me,
⇔ you won’t find any evil plans—
⇔ my mouth won’t say anything evil.

OET-LV PSA 17:3

3 You _have _tested heart _of_my you _have _visited night you_have _tested _me not you _will _find I _have _resolved not mouth _of_my it _will _transgress.

All 3 recorded passages for this sense

JDG: RV JDG 7:4 · LV JDG 7:4 · Read together JDG 7:4

PSA: RV PSA 17:3 · RV PSA 26:2 · LV PSA 17:3 · LV PSA 26:2 · Read together PSA 17:3 · Read together PSA 26:2

Sense 2: to purge away

Semantic domains: Detach (002003001008)

Definition: = causative action by which a goldsmith removes contaminants from a precious metal by smelting it in the fire; ≈ used as a metaphor for purging evil from the heart of humans

Forms: vbqal-

Synonyms: סור

ISA 1:25: RV ISA 1:25 · LV ISA 1:25 · Read together ISA 1:25

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OET-RV ISA 1:25

25 I’ll turn my actions against you,
⇔ and refine your junk metal with chemicals
⇔ to remove all your impurity.

OET-LV ISA 1:25

25 And_I _will _turn hand _of_my on_you and_I _will _refine like_potash dross(es)_of_your and_I _will _remove all _of slag(s)_of_your.

Sense 3: to cast

Semantic domains: Exist (002002002005)

Definition: = causative action by which a goldsmith creates an artifact from a precious metal by smelting it in the fire

Forms: vbqal-

ISA 40:19: RV ISA 40:19 · LV ISA 40:19 · Read together ISA 40:19

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OET-RV ISA 40:19

19 An idol that was cast by a craftsman,
⇔ overlaid with gold by a goldsmith,
⇔ and then decorated with silver chains?

OET-LV ISA 40:19

19 The_idol a _craftsman he _has _throw and_a _metalsmith with_gold he_will _overlay _it and_chains _of silver he_is_refining.

Sense 4: to refine

Semantic domains: Test (002004002013); Good (002001001028)

Definition: = causative action by which a goldsmith improves the quality of a precious metal by smelting it in the fire and so removing all contaminants; ≈ often used as a metaphor for purging evil from the hearts of humans

Forms: vbqal-

Synonyms: בחן · זקק

PSA 12:7: RV PSA 12:6 · LV PSA 12:7 · Read together PSA 12:6

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OET-RV PSA 12:6

⇔  6 Yahweh’s words are pure words,
⇔ like silver purified in a furnace on the earth—
⇔ refined seven times over.

OET-LV PSA 12:7

7  The _words/messages _of YHWH are_words/messages pure silver refined in_a _crucible of_earth refined sevenfold.

PSA 66:10: RV PSA 66:10 · LV PSA 66:10 · Read together PSA 66:10

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OET-RV PSA 66:10

10 For you, God, have tested us.
⇔ ≈ You’ve purified us like refined silver.

OET-LV PSA 66:10

10 If/because you_have _tested _us Oh _god you_have _refined _us as_refine silver.

All 4 recorded passages for this sense

PSA: RV PSA 12:6 · RV PSA 66:10 · LV PSA 12:7 · LV PSA 66:10 · Read together PSA 12:6 · Read together PSA 66:10

JER: RV JER 6:29 · LV JER 6:29 · Read together JER 6:29

ZEC: RV ZEC 13:9 · LV ZEC 13:9 · Read together ZEC 13:9

Sense 5: to refine

Semantic domains: Test (002004002013); Innocent (002003003014)

Core domains: Responsibility (145); Behavior (017)

Definition: = causative action by which deities improve the character of humans by leading them through difficult circumstances, ◄ like a goldsmith improves the quality of a precious metal by smelting it in the fire and so removing all contaminants

Forms: vbqal-; vbnif- (passive)

Synonyms: בחן · ברר · לבן

PSA 66:10: RV PSA 66:10 · LV PSA 66:10 · Read together PSA 66:10

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OET-RV PSA 66:10

10 For you, God, have tested us.
⇔ ≈ You’ve purified us like refined silver.

OET-LV PSA 66:10

10 If/because you_have _tested _us Oh _god you_have _refined _us as_refine silver.

PSA 105:19: RV PSA 105:19 · LV PSA 105:19 · Read together PSA 105:19

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OET-RV PSA 105:19

19 until Yahweh’s order came.
⇔ Yahweh’s promise tested Yosef.

OET-LV PSA 105:19

19 Until the _time message _of_his came the _message _of YHWH it_tested _him.

All 7 recorded passages for this sense

PSA: RV PSA 66:10 · RV PSA 105:19 · LV PSA 66:10 · LV PSA 105:19 · Read together PSA 66:10 · Read together PSA 105:19

ISA: RV ISA 48:10 · LV ISA 48:10 · Read together ISA 48:10

JER: RV JER 9:7 · LV JER 9:6 · Read together JER 9:7

DAN: RV DAN 11:35 · RV DAN 12:10 · LV DAN 11:35 · LV DAN 12:10 · Read together DAN 11:35 · Read together DAN 12:10

ZEC: RV ZEC 13:9 · LV ZEC 13:9 · Read together ZEC 13:9

Sense 6: true

Semantic domains: Test (002004002013); True (002001003018)

Definition: literally: tested; hence: = state in which the words of deities have proven to be true and reliable, ◄ as a precious metal has been tested by a goldsmith and proven to be pure

Forms: vbqal-

Synonyms: תָּמִים

SA2 22:31: RV SA2 22:31 · LV SA2 22:31 · Read together SA2 22:31

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OET-RV SA2 22:31