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1 In the eighth month of the second year of the reign of Persian King Dareyavesh (Darius), Yahweh spoke through the prophet Zekaryah (Zechariah, son of Iddo’s son Berekyah) saying,[ref] 2 “Yahweh was very angry with your ancestors, 3 so tell this to the people: Commander-in-chief Yahweh says that if you all turn back to me, I’ll return to you. 4 Don’t be like your ancestors who’d been told by the prophets that Commander-in-chief Yahweh wanted them to abandon all their evil practices, but they wouldn’t listen or pay attention. That is Yahweh’s declaration.
5 “So where are you ancestors and the prophets now? Do they live forever? 6 But your ancestors didn’t obey my words and my decrees that I commanded through my servants the prophets, but they eventually repented and said, ‘Commander-in-chief Yahweh has done to us just what our ways and actions deserved.’ ”
7 About three months later, Yahweh spoke again through the prophet Zekaryah (Zechariah son of Iddo’s son Berekyah) saying, 8 “I had a vision in the night, and was surprised to see a man riding on a red horse,[ref] and then he was standing among the myrtle trees that are in the valley, and behind him there were red, reddish-brown, and white horses.”[ref] 9 I asked, “What are these things, my master?”
Then that heavenly messenger who talked with me told me, “I’ll show you what those things are.”
10 Then the man who stood among the myrtle trees answered and said, “Those are the ones that Yahweh has sent out to roam throughout the world.”
11 They answered Yahweh’s messenger who stood among the myrtle trees, telling him, “We’ve been roaming throughout the world, and see, the whole world sits contentedly and is at peace.”
12 “Commander-in-chief Yahweh,” Yahweh’s messenger asked, “how long before you show compassion to Yerushalem and to the cities of Yehudah (Judah), which you’ve been angry with for the past seventy years?”
13 Then that messenger who’d talked with me was answered by Yahweh with kind and comforting words, 14 and that messenger told me, “Call out and say, ‘Commander-in-chief Yahweh says this: I’ve been very jealous for Yerushalem and for Tsiyyon (Zion). 15 I’m very angry with the countries that are at ease—I was only a little angry with them, but they made the disaster worse. 16 Therefore Yahweh says: I will show mercy Yerushalem again. My residence will be built within her, and the measuring line will be stretched out over her. That’s what Commander-in-chief Yahweh declares.
17 “Again, call out and say, ‘Commander-in-chief Yahweh says this: My cities will once again overflow with goodness, and I will again comfort Tsiyyon and choose Yerushalem.’ ”
18 Then I looked up and wow, I saw four horns. 19 I asked the messenger who’d talked with me, “What are those?”
“Those are the horns that have scattered Yehudah, Yisrael, and Yerushalem.” he answered.
20 Then Yahweh showed me four craftsmen 21 and I asked, “What are those people coming to do?”
“Those horns are the nations that scattered Yehudah so that everyone went into hiding,” he answered, “But the blacksmiths have come to terrify the horns—to amputate the horns of the nations that attacked Yehudah, scattering the people.”
1:4 OSHB variant note: ו/מעלילי/כם: (x-qere) ’וּ/מַֽעֲלְלֵי/כֶ֖ם’: lemma_c/4611 n_1.0 morph_HC/Ncmpc/Sp2mp id_38fsu וּ/מַֽעֲלְלֵי/כֶ֖ם
1:4 OSHB note: We agree with both BHS 1997 and BHQ on an unexpected reading.
1:10 OSHB note: We agree with both BHS 1997 and BHQ on an unexpected reading.
1:16 OSHB variant note: ו/קוה: (x-qere) ’וְ/קָ֥ו’: lemma_c/6957 b morph_HC/Ncmsa id_38wA4 וְ/קָ֥ו
If you ask someone today what biblical prophets did, they will likely tell you that they divinely foretold of future events. While this was often the case, most prophets in the Bible focused as much on “forthtelling” God’s messages as they did on “foretelling” the future. That is, their primary role was to simply “forthtell” divinely acquired messages to leaders and groups of people, and at times that included foretelling of coming judgment, blessing, rescue, etc. Also, though plenty of prophets (sometimes called “seers” in Scripture) often spoke in confrontational or eccentric language that put them at odds with kings and religious leaders, the biblical writers also applied the term prophet to people who communicated God’s messages in ways that many readers today might not think of as prophecy, such as worship leaders appointed by David to “prophesy with lyres, harps, and cymbals” (1 Chronicles 25:1). Similarly, the books of Joshua, Judges, 1 & 2 Samuel, and 1 & 2 Kings are typically categorized as history by Christians, but in the Hebrew canon they belong to the category of Former Prophets. The Lord raised up prophets throughout all of biblical history, from the giving of the law under Moses to the revelation of the last days by the apostle John, and the kings of Israel and Judah often recognized and supported specific people as official prophets of the royal court and consulted them to find out God’s perspective about official matters. Following is a list of nearly everyone designated as prophet or seer in the Old Testament and the primary area of their ministry.
• Zechariah (796 B.C.) [2 Chronicles 24:20] => Jerusalem
• Jonah (780 B.C.) [2 Kings 14:25; Jonah 1:1] => Gath-hepher, Nineveh
• Hosea (770 B.C.) [Hosea 1:1] => Samaria?
• Amos (760 B.C.) [Amos 1:1] => Bethel
• Isaiah (730 B.C.) [2 Kings 19:2; 20:1; 2 Chronicles 26:22; 32:20, 32; Isaiah 1:1] => Jerusalem
• Micah (730 B.C.) [Jeremiah 26:18; Micah 1:1] => Moresheth
• Nahum (650 B.C.) [Nahum 1:1] => Elkosh (Capernaum?)
• Zephaniah (630 B.C.) [Zephaniah 1:1] => Jerusalem?
• Huldah (630 B.C.) [2 Kings 22:14] => Jerusalem
• Habakkuk (600 B.C.) [Habakkuk 1:1; 3:1] => Jerusalem?
• Ezekiel (592 B.C.) [Ezekiel 1:3] => Babylonia/Chebar River
• Uriah (600 B.C.) [Jeremiah 26:20] => Kiriath-jearim
• Jeremiah (587 B.C.) [2 Chronicles 36:12; Jeremiah 1:1; 19:14] => Jerusalem
• Obadiah (586 B.C.) [Obadiah 1:1] => Jerusalem
• Daniel (560 B.C.) [Daniel 7:1; Matthew 24:15] => Babylon
• Haggai (520 B.C.) [Ezra 5:1; Haggai 1:1] => Jerusalem
• Zechariah (520 B.C.) [Ezra 5:1; Zechariah 1:1] => Jerusalem
• Malachi (432 B.C.) [Malachi 1:1] => Jerusalem?