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Open English Translation EXO Chapter 28

EXO 28 ©

Readers’ Version

Literal Version

28Now, have your brother Aharon and his sons brought to you from among the Israelis. Aharon, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar will become my priests. 2Make sacred clothes for Aharon—they must be uniquely beautiful 3so speak to all the skilled craftsmen who’ve been given the spirit of wisdom, and they can make Aharon’s clothes to dedicate him as my priest. 4These are the clothes that they’ll need to make: a small pouch to hang around the neck and an apron, a robe and a tunic of woven work, and a turban and a waistband. They must make those sacred clothes for your brother Aharon and for his sons to serve as my priests. 5The skilled craftsmen must be given gold wire and blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely-spun linen.

6They must make the sacred apron from twisted finely-spun linen with gold wire and blue, purple, scarlet yarn embroidered onto it by a skilled craftsman. 7It should have two shoulder pieces attached to the top two corners so it can be fastened. 8Then the waistband for the apron shall be made with similar workmanship from twisted finely-spun linen with gold wire and blue, purple, and scarlet yarn skillfully embroidered into it. 9Then get two onyx stones and engrave the names of Yisra’el’s twelve sons onto them— 10six names on one stone and six on the other, in their birth order. 11A stone craftsman with experience at making signet rings should do the engravings, and then mount the two stones in decorative gold settings. 12Then attach the two stones to the shoulder pieces of the apron as a reminder about Yisra’el’s sons. That way Aharon will carry their names on his two shoulders as a reminder every time he goes to face Yahweh. 13Make the decorative settings for the two stones from gold, 14and then make two twisted chains of pure gold like a cord that you can attach to the decorative settings.

28and_you(ms) bring_near to_you DOM ʼAhₐron your(ms)_brother/kindred and_DOM sons_of_his with_him/it from_among_of the_people_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) to_serve_aspriests_they to_me ʼAhₐron Nādāⱱ and_ʼAⱱīhūʼ ʼElˊāzār and_Ithamar the_sons_of ʼAhₐron.
2And_make garments_of holiness for_ʼAhₐron your(ms)_brother/kindred for_glory and_for_beauty.
3And_you(ms) you_will_speak to all_of [people]_skillful_of heart which given_him a_spirit_of wisdom and_make DOM the_garments_of ʼAhₐron to_consecrate_him for_serve_aspriest_he to_me.
4And_these the_garments which they_will_make a_breastpiece and_ephod and_robe and_tunic_of checkered_work a_turban and_sash and_make garments_of holiness for_ʼAhₐron your(ms)_brother/kindred and_for_sons_of_his to_serve_aspriests_they to_me.
5And_they they_will_take DOM the_gold and_DOM the_blue and_DOM the_purple and_DOM the_scarlet_stuff_of the_yarn and_DOM the_fine_linen.
6and_make DOM the_ephod gold violet_stuff and_purple scarlet_stuff_of scarlet and_fine_linen twisted [the]_work_of a_skillful_worker.
7Two_of shoulder-pieces joined it_will_belong for_him/it to the_two_of edges_of_its and_joined_together.
8And_band_of skillfully_woven_of_his which on/upon/above_him/it like_workmanship_of_its from_him/it it_will_be gold violet_stuff and_purple and_scarlet_of scarlet and_fine_linen twisted.
9And_take DOM two_of stones_of onyx and_engrave on_them the_names_of the_sons_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel).
10Six of_names_of_their [will_be]_on the_stone the_one and_DOM the_names_of the_six the_remaining [will_be]_on the_stone the_second(fs) in_the_order_of_birth_of_their.
11[the]_work_of an_engraver_of stone [the]_engravings_of a_seal you_will_engrave DOM the_two_of the_stones on the_names_of the_sons_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) surrounded_of filigree_settings_of gold you_will_make DOM_them.
12And_set DOM the_two_of the_stones on the_shoulder-pieces_of the_ephod stones_of remembrance for_sons_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) and_ ʼAhₐron _bear DOM names_of_their to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH on the_two_of shoulders_of_his for_remembrance.
13and_make filigree_settings_of gold.
14And_two_of chains_of gold pure twisted_cords you_will_make DOM_them a_work_of cordage and_you(ms)_will_give DOM the_chains the_corded on the_settings.

15Make a sacred chest pouch for important decision making. A skilled craftsman should make it from twisted finely-spun linen like the apron, embroidered with gold wire and blue, purple, and scarlet yarn. 16It needs to be 23cm square when folded over double, 17and it will have four rows of three gemstones on it: a red ruby, a yellow topaz, a green emerald, 18then a turquoise, a blue sapphire, a diamond, 19then a red jacinth, a white agate, a purple amethyst, 20and in the last row, a yellow beryl, an onyx, and a green jasper. All those stones must be mounted in decorative gold settings, 21and so they’ll represent the twelve tribes of Israel. The names of the twelve sons must be engraved on the stones similar to how signet rings are made. 22Make two twisted chains of pure gold like a cord that you can attach to the pouch, 23then make two gold rings and attach them to the two top corners of the pouch. 24Attach the two gold chains to the rings on the corners 25with the other ends fastened to the two decorative settings around the stones and then attached to the front side of the shoulder straps. 26Make two more gold rings and attach them on the inside to the two bottom corners of the pouch, 27and another two gold rings to be attached to the bottom of the two shoulder pieces near where the shoulder straps join the apron just above the crafted waistband. 28Then tie the rings on the sacred pouch to the rings on the apron with a blue cord so that the pouch sits above the waistband and can’t come loose from the apron.

29Then whenever Aharon enters the sacred inner room to stand in front of me, he’ll be carrying the names of Yisra’el’s sons over his heart on the sacred pouch that’ll be used for making decisions. 30Then place the ‘Urim’ and the ‘Tummim’[fn] in the sacred pouch so they’ll be over Aharon’s heart when he goes in before Yahweh, thus Aharon will continually bear the decisions of the Israelis over his heart before Yahweh.[ref]

15and_make a_breastpiece_of judgement [the]_work_of a_skillful_worker like_style_of [the]_ephod make_it gold violet_stuff and_purple and_scarlet_of scarlet and_fine_linen twisted you_will_make DOM_him/it.
16Square it_will_be folded_double [will_be]_a_span length_of_its and_span width_of_its.
17And_mount in_him/it a_setting_of stone[s] four rows stone [will_be]_a_row_of a_ruby a_topaz and_emerald the_row the_one.
18And_the_row the_second [will_be]_a_turquoise a_sapphire and_diamond.
19And_the_row the_third [will_be]_a_jacinth an_agate and_amethyst.
20And_the_row the_fourth [will_be]_a_chrysolite and_onyx and_jasper set gold they_will_be in/on/at/with_settings_of_their.
21And_the_stones they_will_be on the_names_of the_sons_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) two_plus ten on names_of_their [the]_engravings_of a_seal each_one on his/its_name they_will_be for_two_of ten tribe[s].
22And_make on the_breastpiece chains_of twisting a_work_of cordage gold pure.
23And_make on the_breastpiece two_of rings_of gold and_put DOM the_two_of the_rings on the_two_of the_ends_of the_breastpiece.
24And_you(ms)_will_give DOM the_two_of the_cords_of the_gold on the_two_of the_rings to the_ends_of the_breastpiece.
25And_DOM the_two_of the_ends_of the_two_of the_cords you_will_put on the_two_of the_filigree_settings and_you(ms)_will_give on the_shoulder-pieces_of the_ephod to the_front his/its_faces/face.
26And_make two_of rings_of gold and_put DOM_them on the_two_of the_ends_of the_breastpiece on edge_of_its which [is]_to the_side_of the_ephod inner_to.
27And_make two_of rings_of gold and_you(ms)_will_give DOM_them on the_two_of the_shoulder-pieces_of the_ephod at_to/for_below on_front his/its_faces/face by_close_to_of seam_of_its just_above to_waistband_of the_ephod.
28And_tie DOM the_breastpiece by_rings_of_its[fn] to the_rings_of the_ephod in/on/at/with_cord_of violet_stuff to_be on the_girdle_of the_ephod and_not it_will_become_detached the_breastpiece from_under the_ephod.
29And_ ʼAhₐron _bear DOM the_names_of the_sons_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) in/on/at/with_breastpiece_of the_judgement over his/its_heart in/on/at/with_goes_he into the_sanctuary for_remembrance to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH continually.
30And_put into the_breastpiece_of the_judgement DOM the_urim and_DOM the_thummim and_they_will_be over the_heart_of ʼAhₐron in/on/at/with_goes_in_he to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH and_ ʼAhₐron _bear DOM the_judgement_of the_people_of Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) over his/its_heart to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH continually.

31Make the robe to be worn under the sacred apron entirely from blue material 32with an opening for his head in the middle of it. A border will be needed around the opening so it can’t tear—this should be woven like openings in regular clothes. 33Then on the bottom hem, make decorations that look like pomegranates—they must be made from blue, purple, and scarlet yarn. Gold bells should hang in between the pomegranates 34so as you go around the hem of the robe there’ll be a gold bell, then a pomegranate, then a gold bell, then a pomegranate, etc. 35Aharon must wear this robe when he’s serving, so when he goes into my presence in the sacred inner room, I’ll hear the bells when he enters and when he leaves, so he won’t die.

36Make a plate from pure gold and engrave ‘Dedicated to Yahweh’ on it like you would on a signet ring. 37Attach it to the front of the turban using a blue cord 38so it’ll be on Aharon’s forehead. In this way, it’ll bear the deficiencies of human sinfulness when Israelis attempt to make sacred objects and attempt to make sacred offerings. Thus it’ll be on his forehead continually so that I will see it and accept those things.

39The tunic must be woven from finely-spun linen, and similarly for the turban. An embroiderer must make the waistband.

40You must also make tunics, waistbands and headbands for Aharon’s sons so they’ll look splendid and beautiful. 41Put these clothes on your brother Aharon and his sons, then anoint them with oil and ordain and consecrate them as priests to me. 42Make underwear out of linen to cover their bare flesh from the waist to the thighs 43they must wear it whenever they enter the sacred tent and whenever they approach the altar to offer sacrifices so they won’t be disobeying and die. Aharon and his descendants must obey that rule forever.


28:30 These two objects appear abruptly in the text—they haven’t been described previously—in fact, they’re not described anywhere, so we don’t really know much about them except that it seems they were used somehow to indicate Yahweh’s decision on important matters. Although we presume that Mosheh must have already been familiar with them, sadly we’re unable to translate these two Hebrew words, because we’re not.


31and_make DOM the_robe_of the_ephod an_entirety_of violet_stuff.
32And_it_was the_opening_of his/its_head in/on/at/with_middle_of_it an_edge it_will_belong with_opening_of_its all_around [the]_work_of a_weaver like_opening_of a_collar it_will_belong for_him/it not it_will_be_torn.
33And_make on hem_of_its pomegranates_of violet_stuff and_purple and_scarlet_of scarlet on hem_of_its all_around and_bells_of gold in/on/at/with_midst_of_them all_around.
34A_bell_of gold and_pomegranate a_bell_of gold and_pomegranate [will_be]_on the_skirts_of the_robe all_around.
35And_it_was on ʼAhₐron when_ministers sound_of_its and_heard in/on/at/with_goes_he into the_sanctuary to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH and_in/on/at/with_comes_out_he and_not he_will_die.
36and_make a_plate_of gold pure and_engrave on/upon/above_him/it [the]_engravings_of a_seal holiness to/for_YHWH.
37And_fasten DOM_him/it on a_cord_of violet_stuff and_it_was on the_turban to the_front of_the_face_of the_turban it_will_be.
38And_it_was on the_forehead_of ʼAhₐron and_ ʼAhₐron _bear DOM the_guilt_of the_holy_things which the_people_of they_will_consecrate of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) to/from_all/each/any/every the_gifts_of holy_of_their and_it_was on forehead_of_his continually so_that_acceptance to/for_them to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH.
39And_weave the_tunic fine_linen and_make a_turban fine_linen and_sash you_will_make [the]_work_of a_worker_in_colours.
40And_for_sons_of ʼAhₐron you_will_make tunics and_make to/for_them sashes and_headdresses you_will_make to/for_them for_glory and_for_beauty.
41And_put_on DOM_them DOM ʼAhₐron your(ms)_brother/kindred and_DOM sons_of_his with_him/it and_anoint DOM_them and_you_ordain DOM hand_of_them and_consecrate DOM_them and_serve_aspriests to_me.
42And_make to/for_them undergarments_of linen to_cover [the]_flesh_of nakedness from_waist and_unto [the]_thighs they_will_be.
43And_they_will_be on ʼAhₐron and_on sons_of_his in/on/at/with_go_they into the_tent_of meeting or in/on/at/with_approach_they to the_altar to_minister in/on/at/with_sanctuary and_not they_will_bear guilt and_die [it_will_be]_a_statute_of perpetuity to_him/it and_for_descendants_of_his after_him.

28:28 Variant note: מ/טבעת/ו: (x-qere) ’מִֽ/טַּבְּעֹתָ֞י/ו’: lemma_m/2885 n_1.1.0.0 morph_HR/Ncfpc/Sp3ms id_02Kuy מִֽ/טַּבְּעֹתָ֞י/ו

EXO 28 ©

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