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JAS EN_AICNT_20231009

James

1James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ,[fn] to the twelve tribes in the Dispersion: Greetings.

2Consider it all joy, my brothers, when you encounter various trials, 3knowing that the testing of your faith produces endurance. 4And let endurance have its perfect work, so that you may be perfect and complete, lacking in nothing.

5But if any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask of the God who gives to all generously and without reproach, and it will be given to him.

6But let him ask in faith, with no doubting, for the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea driven and tossed by the wind. 7For that person must not suppose that he will receive anything from the Lord, 8a double-minded man, unstable in all his ways.

9Let the lowly brother boast in his exaltation, 10and the rich in his humiliation, because like a flower of the grass he will pass away. 11For the sun rises with its scorching heat and withers the grass; its flower falls, and its beauty perishes. So also will the rich man fade away in the midst of his pursuits.

12Blessed is the man who endures temptation, because when he has been tested, He will receive the crown of life, which {he}[fn] promised to those who love him.

13Let no one say when he is tempted, “I am being tempted by God,” for God cannot be tempted with evil, and He himself tempts no one. 14But each person is tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own desire. 15Then desire, when it has conceived, gives birth to sin, and sin, when it is fully grown, brings forth death.

16Do not be deceived, my beloved brothers.

17Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow due to change. 18Of his own will he brought us forth by the word of truth, that we should be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures.

19{Know this},[fn] my beloved brothers: [but][fn] let every man be quick to hear, slow to speak, slow to anger; 20for the anger of man does {not work}[fn] the righteousness of God. 21Therefore, put away all filthiness and rampant wickedness and receive with meekness the implanted word, which is able to save your souls.

22But be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves.

23For if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man who looks intently at his natural face in a mirror; 24for he looks at himself and goes away and at once forgets what he was like.

25But the one who looks into the perfect law, the law of liberty, and perseveres, [[this one]][fn] not a hearer who forgets but a doer who acts, he will be blessed in his doing.

26If anyone [[among you]][fn] thinks he is religious and does not bridle his tongue but deceives his heart, this person's religion is worthless.

27Religion that is pure and undefiled before God the Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their affliction, and to keep oneself unstained from the world.

2My brothers, do not hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the glory, with partiality.

2For if a man with a gold ring and fine clothing enters your assembly, and a poor man in dirty clothing also enters, 3{but}[fn] you look upon the one wearing the fine clothing and say [[to him]],[fn] You sit here in a good place, and to the poor man, You stand there, or sit here under my footstool, 4[and][fn] have you not made distinctions among yourselves and become judges with evil thoughts?

5Listen, my beloved brothers: Has not God chosen the poor in {the}[fn] world to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom which he promised to those who love him? 6But you have dishonored the poor man. Do not the rich oppress you and drag you into courts? 7Do they not blaspheme the good name by which you are called?

8If you fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you do well;[fn] 9but if you show partiality, you commit sin, being convicted by the law as transgressors.

10For whoever keeps the whole law but stumbles in one point has become guilty of all. 11For he who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.”[fn] Now if you do not commit adultery but do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law.

12So speak and so act as those who will be judged by the law of liberty.

13For judgment is merciless to the one who has not shown mercy; [[and]][fn] mercy triumphs over judgment.

14What [is the][fn] benefit, my brothers, if someone says he has faith but does not have works? Can faith save him?

15[[But]][fn] If a brother or sister is naked and lacking daily food, 16and one of you says to them, Go in peace, be warmed and filled, but you do not give them the things needed for the body, what [is the][fn] profit? 17In the same way, faith also, if it does not have works, is dead by itself.

18But someone will say, You have faith, and I have works. Show me your faith {without the}[fn] works, and I will show you my faith from {the}[fn] works.

19You believe that God is one.[fn] You do well. Even the demons believe—and tremble!

20But do you want to know, O empty man, that faith apart from works is {useless}?[fn]

21Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar? 22You see that faith worked with his works, and by works faith was made perfect, 23and the Scripture was fulfilled which says, “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.” And he was called the friend of God.[fn]

24[[Therefore]][fn] You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone.

25Likewise, was not Rahab the prostitute also justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out another way?

26For just as the body without the spirit[fn] is dead, also faith without [[the]][fn] works is dead.

3Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers, knowing that we will receive greater judgment.

2For we all stumble in many ways. If anyone does not stumble in speech, this one is a perfect man, able to control the whole body as well.

3{But if}[fn] we put bits into the mouths of horses to make them obey us, we also guide their whole body.

4Behold, even the ships, being so large and driven by strong winds, are directed by a very small rudder wherever the impulse of the one steering desires. 5So also the tongue is a small member and boasts great things.

See how {great a forest a}[fn] fire ignites!

6And the tongue is a fire. The world of unrighteousness, the tongue, is set among our members, staining the whole body and setting on fire the wheel of life, and is set on fire by Gehenna.

7For every kind of beast and bird, of reptile and sea creature, can be tamed and has been tamed by human nature, 8but no one can tame the tongue; it is a {unstable}[fn] evil, full of deadly poison.

9With it we bless {the Lord}[fn] and Father, and with it we curse men who are made in the likeness of God.

10From the same mouth come blessing and cursing. My brothers, these things ought not to be so.

11Does a spring pour forth from the same opening both fresh and bitter water?

12Can a fig tree, my brothers, produce olives, or a grapevine produce figs? {Neither can salt water produce fresh}.[fn]

13Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show by his good conduct his works in the meekness of wisdom.

14But if you have bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your hearts, do not boast and be false to the truth. 15This is not the wisdom that comes down from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic. 16For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there will be disorder and every vile practice.

17But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, open to reason, full of mercy and good fruits, impartial, [[and]][fn] sincere.

18And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace.

4Where do wars and [where do][fn] fights among you come from? Is it not from your pleasures that wage war in your members? 2You desire and do not have, you murder and are envious and cannot obtain, you fight and wage war, [[but]][fn] you do not have because you do not ask.

3You ask and do not receive, because you ask wrongly, to spend it on your pleasures.

4[[Adulterers and]][fn] Adulteresses, do you not know that friendship with the world is enmity with God? Whoever wishes to be a friend of the world becomes an enemy of God.

5Or do you think that the Scripture says in vain, “The spirit {that dwells}[fn] in us yearns with envy”? 6But it gives greater grace; therefore it says, “God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.”[fn]

7Submit yourselves therefore to God, [but][fn] resist the devil, and he will flee from you.

8Draw near to God, and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded.

9Be miserable and mourn and weep. Let your laughter be turned to mourning and your joy to gloom. 10Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will exalt you.

11Do not speak against one another, brothers. He who speaks against a brother {or}[fn] judges his brother speaks against the law and judges the law; but if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law but a judge. 12There is one lawgiver [and judge][fn] who is able to save and to destroy; but who are you to judge {your neighbor}?[fn]

13Come now, you who say, Today or tomorrow {we will go}[fn] to such and such a city, spend a year there, engage in business, and make a profit, 14[[for]][fn] you who do not know what will happen tomorrow. For what is your life? {It is}[fn] a vapor that appears for a little while [[but]][fn] also disappearing. 15Instead you should say, If the Lord wills, {we will}[fn] live and do this or that.

16But now you boast in your arrogance; all such boasting is evil.

17Therefore, to him who knows to do good and does not do it, to him it is sin.

5Come now, you who are rich, weep and wail over the miseries that are coming upon you.

2Your wealth has rotted, and your garments have become moth-eaten. 3Your gold and silver have corroded, and their corrosion will be a witness against you and will consume your flesh like fire. You have stored up treasure in the last days.

4Behold, the wages of the laborers who mowed your fields, which you kept back by fraud, cry out, and the cries of the harvesters have reached the ears of the Lord of Hosts.

5You have lived on the earth in luxury and self-indulgence; you have fattened your hearts [[as]][fn] in a day of slaughter.

6You have condemned and murdered the righteous one; he does not resist you.

7Therefore, be patient, brothers, until the coming of the Lord. Behold, the farmer waits for the precious fruit of the earth, being patient over it, until it receives the early and the late rains.

8You also, be patient. Strengthen your hearts, for the coming of the Lord is near.

9Do not grumble against one another, brothers, so that you may not be {judged};[fn] behold, the judge is standing at the doors.

10Take as an example of suffering and patience, [[my]][fn] brothers, the prophets who spoke in the name of the Lord.

11Behold, we consider those blessed who remained steadfast. You have heard of the steadfastness of Job, and you have seen the purpose of the Lord, how [the Lord,][fn] he is compassionate and merciful.

12Above all, my brothers, do not swear, neither by heaven nor by earth nor by any other oath: But let your “Yes” be yes and your “No” be no, so that you may not fall {under judgment}.[fn]

13Is anyone among you suffering? Let him pray. Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing praise.

14Is anyone among you weak?[fn] Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord.

15And the prayer of faith will save the one who is weary, and the Lord will raise him up. And if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven.

16[Therefore],[fn] confess your sins to one another and pray for one another, that you may be healed. The prayer of a righteous person has great power as it is working.

17Elijah was a man with a nature like ours, and he prayed fervently that it might not rain, and for three years and six months it did not rain on the earth. 18Then he prayed again, and heaven gave rain, and the earth bore its fruit.

19[My][fn] brothers, if anyone among you wanders from the truth and someone brings him back, 20let him know that whoever brings back a sinner from his wandering will save {his}[fn] soul from death and will cover a multitude of sins.


1:1, Christ: The Greek word for Christ means (1) fulfiller of Israelite expectation of a deliverer, the Anointed One, the Messiah, the Christ, (2) the personal name ascribed to Jesus, Christ. (BDAG, Χριστός)

1:12, he: Later manuscripts read “the Lord.” BYZ TR

1:19, know this: Later manuscripts read “Therefore.” BYZ TR

1:19, but: Absent from some manuscripts. BYZ TR

1:20, not work: NA27 SBLGNT THGNT ‖ Later manuscripts read “not produce.” NA28 BYZ TR

1:25, this one: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

1:26, among you: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

2:3, but: Some manuscripts read “and.” THGNT TR

2:3, to him: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

2:4, and: NA28 BYZ TR ‖ Absent from some manuscripts. ℵ(01) A(02) C(04) NA27 SBLGNT THGNT

2:5, the: Later manuscripts read “this.” TR

2:8, Leviticus 19:18

2:11, Exodus 20:13, 14, Deuteronomy 5:17, 18

2:13, and: Later manuscripts add. TR

2:14, is the: Absent from some manuscripts. B(03) C(04) SBLGNT

2:15, But: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

2:16, is the: Absent from some manuscripts. B(03) C(04) SBLGNT

2:18, without the: Later manuscripts read “from your.” BYZ TR

2:18, the: Later manuscripts read “my.” 𝔓74 A(02) BYZ TR

2:19, God is one: Or there is one God.

2:20, useless: Later manuscripts read “dead.” ℵ(01) A(02) BYZ TR

2:23, Genesis 15:6.

2:24, Therefore: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

2:26, Spirit: Or breath. The Greek word means (1) air in movement, blowing, breathing, (2) that which animates or gives life to the body, breath, (life-)spirit (3) a part of human personality, spirit, (4) an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical sense, spirit, or (5) God's being as controlling influence, with focus on association with humans, Spirit, spirit. (BDAG, πνεῦμα)

2:26, the: Some manuscripts include. A(02) C(03) BYZ TR

3:3, But if: Later manuscripts read “Behold.” TR

3:5, great a forest a: 𝔓72 ℵ(01) B(03) NA28 SBLGNT THGNT ‖ Later manuscripts read “a forest a small.” A(02) C(04) BYZ TR

3:8, unstable: Other manuscripts read “uncontrollable.” C(04) BYZ TR

3:9, the Lord: Later manuscripts read “God.” BYZ TR

3:12, neither can salt water produce fresh: Later manuscripts read “Thus, no spring yields both salt water and fresh.” BYZ TR

3:17, and: Some manuscripts include. 𝔓100 BYZ TR

4:1, where do: Absent from some manuscripts. BYZ TR

4:2, but: Some manuscripts include. 𝔓74 TR

4:4, Adulterers and: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

4:5, that dwells: Some manuscripts read “that dwelled.” BYZ TR

4:6, Proverbs 3:34 LXX

4:7, but: Absent from some manuscripts. TR

4:11, or: Later manuscripts read “and.” BYZ TR

4:12, and judge: Absent from some manuscripts. 𝔓74 BYZ TR

4:12, your neighbor: Some manuscripts read “another.” 𝔓74 BYZ TR

4:13, we will go: Later manuscripts read “let us go.” A(02) BYZ TR

4:14, for: Some manuscripts include. A(02) BYZ TR

4:14, it is: Later manuscripts read “it will be.” BYZ TR

4:14, but: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

4:15, we will: Later manuscripts read “let us.” BYZ TR

5:5, as: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

5:9, judged: Later manuscripts read “condemned.” BYZ TR

5:10, my: Later manuscripts add. BYZ TR

5:11, the Lord: Absent from some manuscripts. B(03) BYZ

5:12, under judgment: Later manuscripts read “into hypocrisy.” BYZ TR

5:14, weak: Or sick. The Greek word means (1) to suffer a debilitating illness, be sick, (2) to experience some personal incapacity or limitation, be weak, or (3) to experience lack of material necessities, be in need. (BDAG, ἀσθένεια)

5:16, Therefore: Absent in some manuscripts. BYZ TR

5:19, my: Absent from some manuscripts. BYZ TR

5:20, a: Later manuscripts read “his.” BYZ TR