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EXO Intro C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 C36 C37 C38 C39 C40
This is still a very early look into the unfinished text of the Open English Translation of the Bible. Please double-check the text in advance before using in public.
15:1 Mosheh’s song
15 Then Mosheh and the Israelis sang this song to Yahweh:[ref]
“I will sing to Yahweh because he’s been so successful—
he’s thrown both the horses and their riders into the sea.
2 I will sing about Yahweh, my source of strength,[ref]
and the one who saves me.
I will praise him because he’s my God—
≈he’s my father’s God and I will honour him.
3 Yahweh is a warrior.
Yahweh is his name.
4 He threw Far’oh’s chariots and his army into the sea.
≈His hand-picked officers have been sunk in the sea.
≈They descended into the depths like a stone.
6 Yahweh’s right arm is so powerful.
≈Yahweh’s right arm shattered our enemy.
7 You toss away your adversaries with your great power.
Your burning anger consumes them like straw in a fire.
8 It was your breath that made the waters pile up.
They stood up like a heap.
The deep water seemed like it was solid.
9 Our enemies thought that they could chase after us and overtake us.
They had planned to satisfy themselves by sharing out the plunder.
They were ready to use their swords and swing their arms to destroy us.
10 But you blew with your breath.
They sank like lead in that terrible surge.
11 Which other God is like you, Yahweh?
Who else is so powerful and yet sinless,
receiving praises for doing miracles?
12 You stretched out your powerful arm.
13 You are leading the people you bought back,
because you committed yourself to love them.
You used your strength to lead them to your sinless home.
14 Other countries have heard, and they tremble.
≈Anguish has struck the inhabitants of Filistia.
15 The chiefs of Edom have panicked.
≈Trembling has seized the leaders of Moab.
≈The inhabitants of Kanaan have melted away.
16 Terror and dread have fallen on them.
After seeing your great power, they’ve stayed as still as stone
until your people have all marched past, Yahweh.
Until the people you bought have all gone past them.
and establish them on the mountain of your inheritance.
The place you’ve chosen to become your home, Yahweh—
a sanctuary built by your hands, master.
18 Yahweh will reign as king forever and ever.
19 Far’oh’s horse went into the sea, along with his chariots and horsemen,[fn]
and Yahweh brought the water back over them,
after the Israelis had walked through on dry ground in the middle of the sea.”
15:19 Some interpreters include v19 as part of Mosheh’s song (as we do, although it does seem less poetic in structure), while others don’t. (There’s no speech marks in the ancient Hebrew texts.)
Exodus 13-19; Numbers 33
Like several other events recorded in Scripture, the Bible’s account of the Israelites’ journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai includes an abundance of geographical references, yet it remains one of the most hotly debated topics among scholars, and numerous theories have been offered. The vast majority of geographical references provided in the story are disputed, including the place where the Israelites crossed the Red Sea, the location of Mount Sinai (see Proposed Locations for Mount Sinai map), and the various stops along the Israelites’ journey. A few locations have been established with some degree of scholarly consensus, but even these are not without opposing viewpoints. Amidst this incredible diversity of opinion, however, a single verse provides one of the most helpful clues for weighing the merits of one viewpoint over another: “By the way of Mount Seir it takes eleven days to reach Kadesh-barnea from Horeb” (Deuteronomy 1:2). For those who assume the Bible’s account to be trustworthy, this verse appears to require the following for any theory to be considered viable: 1) Kadesh-barnea and Mount Sinai must have been located at a distance from each other that could reasonably have been expected to take eleven days for an entire nation of people with small children, flocks, equipment, and perhaps even elderly members to travel on foot; and 2) the pace established by this distance over eleven days should most likely be considered the typical pace for the Israelites as they traveled from place to place along the other parts of the journey. This two-pronged test clearly strains many of the theories put forth to this point, especially when one factors in the time references given for the start of the journey (Exodus 12:6; Numbers 33:3), the middle of the journey (Exodus 16:1; Numbers 33:8), and the end of the journey (Exodus 19:1). In short, the journey from Rameses to the Wilderness of Sin took 31 days, since it included the 15th day of the second month, and the rest of the journey took another 16 days, assuming they arrived at Mount Sinai on the 15th day (not the first day, etc.) of the third month. Along with these criteria, a theory’s overall congruence with other established geographical and archeological data should bolster its credibility over other proposals. Another consideration is the extreme similarity between the events at Rephidim (Exodus 17) and the events at Kadesh-barnea (Numbers 20:1-13; 27:12-14; Deuteronomy 32:51; Ezekiel 47:19; 48:28), raising the question of whether Rephidim (meaning “resting places”) is in fact Kadesh-barnea. With these things in mind, the map below proposes a route for the exodus that meets virtually all of these criteria. A careful analysis and explanation of all the elements of the map is far beyond the scope of this article, but a few key points should be noted. The term Red Sea, in addition to referring to what we now regard it, must have also applied to the interconnected lakes and marshlands that lay along what is now the Suez Canal. Also, the portion of the journey that passed through the wilderness for three days without water (Exodus 15:22; Numbers 33:8) may have been comprised of a partial first day, a full second day, and a partial third day, much like Jesus’ time in the tomb is reckoned as three days in Matthew 12:40. Most notably, Mount Sinai is placed on this map at Gebel Khashm et-Tarif, which is appropriately located near, but not in, Midian (Exodus 3:1; 18:5; Numbers 10:29-30). It is also located 89 miles from Kadesh-barnea (assuming Kadesh is at Tall al-Quderat), which establishes a reasonable pace of 7.6 miles (12.2 km) per day to travel between them in 11 days. This lines up well with several known sources of water along that route (e.g., `Ain Qedeis [Hazar-addar?], Tamilat Suwelima [Hor-haggiggad?], and the spring at Kuntillet al-Girafi [unknown ancient identification]). This general pace then synchronizes very well with the timetable and distances required by this map for the other parts of the journey. The distance from Rameses to the Wilderness of Sin (where it is located here) could be completed in under 26 days, leaving an acceptable buffer of about 5 days for the parting of the Red Sea and perhaps a slower pace through the Wilderness of Shur/Etham. The entire journey took about 60 days, and the journey from the Wilderness of Sin to Mount Sinai took about 29 days. This leaves an acceptable buffer of time to complete the rest of the journey (about 16 days of travel) with a very adequate two weeks of extra time for Jethro to visit Moses and the Israelites to do battle with the Amalekites (Exodus 17-18). It should be noted that this timetable generally assumes (but does not necessarily require) that travel continued on sabbath days, but Scripture does not make clear whether travel was prohibited as work prior to the giving of the law at Mount Sinai.
EXO Intro C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 C36 C37 C38 C39 C40