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15:19Some interpreters include v19 as part of Mosheh’s song (as we do, although it does seem less poetic in structure), while others don’t. (There’s no speech marks in the ancient Hebrew texts.)
Key: khaki:verbs, green:YHWH.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
BrLXXὍτι εἰσῆλθεν ἵππος Φαραὼ σὺν ἅρμασιν καὶ ἀναβάταις εἰς θάλασσαν, καὶ ἐπήγαγεν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς Κύριος τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς θαλάσσης· οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἐπορεύθησαν διὰ ξηρᾶς ἐν μέσῳ τῆς θαλάσσης. (Hoti eisaʸlthen hippos Faraō sun harmasin kai anabatais eis thalassan, kai epaʸgagen epʼ autous Kurios to hudōr taʸs thalassaʸs; hoi de huioi Israaʸl eporeuthaʸsan dia xaʸras en mesōi taʸs thalassaʸs. )
BrTrFor the horse of Pharao went in with the chariots and horsemen into the sea, and the Lord brought upon them the water of the sea, but the children of Israel walked through dry land in the midst of the sea.
ULTFor the horse of Pharaoh went with his chariots and horsemen into the sea. And Yahweh returned upon them the waters of the sea. And the sons of Israel walked on dry land in the middle of the sea.
USTWhen the king’s horses and chariots and horsemen tried to go through the sea, Yahweh caused the water to come back and cover them. But the Israelite people walked through the middle of the sea on dry ground.
BSB § For when Pharaoh’s horses, chariots, and horsemen went into the sea, the LORD brought the waters of the sea back over them. But the Israelites walked through the sea on dry ground.
WEBBEFor the horses of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought back the waters of the sea on them; but the children of Israel walked on dry land in the middle of the sea.
NETFor the horses of Pharaoh came with his chariots and his footmen into the sea, ⇔ and the Lord brought back the waters of the sea on them, ⇔ but the Israelites walked on dry land in the middle of the sea.”
LSVFor the horse of Pharaoh has gone in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and YHWH turns back the waters of the sea on them, and the sons of Israel have gone on dry land in the midst of the sea.
FBVWhen Pharaoh's horses, chariots, and horsemen went into the sea, the Lord brought the water rushing back over them. But the Israelites walked through the sea on dry ground.
T4TThe Israeli people walked through the middle of the sea on dry ground. But when the king’s horses and chariots and horsemen tried to go through the sea, Yahweh caused the water to come back and cover them.”
LEBWhen the horses[fn] of Pharaoh came into the sea with his chariots[fn] and with his charioteers, Yahweh brought back upon them the waters of the sea, and the Israelites[fn] traveled on dry ground through the middle of the sea.
BBEFor the horses of Pharaoh, with his war-carriages and his horsemen, went into the sea, and the Lord sent the waters of the sea back over them; but the children of Israel went through the sea on dry land.
JPSFor the horses of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought back the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel walked on dry land in the midst of the sea.
ASVFor the horses of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and Jehovah brought back the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel walked on dry land in the midst of the sea.
DRAFor Pharao went in on horseback with his chariots and horsemen into the sea: and the Lord brought back upon them the waters of the sea: but the children of Israel walked on dry ground in the midst thereof.
YLTFor the horse of Pharaoh hath gone in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and Jehovah turneth back on them the waters of the sea, and the sons of Israel have gone on dry land in the midst of the sea.
DrbyFor the horse of Pharaoh, with his chariots and with his horsemen, came into the sea, and Jehovah brought again the waters of the sea upon them; and the children of Israel went on dry [ground] through the midst of the sea.
RVFor the horses of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel walked on dry land in the midst of the sea.
WbstrFor the horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea.
KJB-1769For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea.
KJB-1611For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his charets and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought againe the waters of the Sea vpon them: But the children of Israel went on drie land in the mids of the sea. (Modernised spelling is same as from KJB-1769 above, apart from capitalisation and punctuation)
BshpsFor Pharao on horsebacke went in with his charettes and horsemen into the sea, and the Lorde brought the waters of the sea vpon them: But the chyldren of Israel went on drye land in the middest of the sea. (For Pharaoh on horseback went in with his chariots and horsemen into the sea, and the Lord brought the waters of the sea upon them: But the children of Israel went on drye land in the midst of the sea.)
GnvaFor Pharaohs horses went with his charets and horsemen into the Sea, and the Lord brought the waters of the Sea vpon them: but the children of Israel went on drie land in the middes of the Sea. (For Pharaohs horses went with his chariots and horsemen into the Sea, and the Lord brought the waters of the Sea upon them: but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the Sea. )
CvdlFor Pharao wente in to the see with horses, and charettes, and horsmen, and the LORDE made the see fall agayne vpon them. But the children of Israel wete drye thorow the myddest of the see. (For Pharaoh went in to the sea with horses, and chariots, and horsmen, and the LORD made the sea fall again upon them. But the children of Israel went drye through the myddest of the see.)
WyclForsothe Farao, `a ridere, entride with his charis and knyytis in to the see, and the Lord brouyte the watris of the se on hem; sotheli the sones of Israel yeden bi the drie place, in the myddis of the see. (Forsothe Pharaoh, `a ridere, entered with his chariots and knights in to the see, and the Lord brought the waters of the see on hem; truly the sons of Israel went by the dry place, in the midst of the see.)
LuthDenn Pharao zog hinein ins Meer mit Rossen und Wagen und Reitern, und der HErr ließ das Meer wieder über sie fallen. Aber die Kinder Israel gingen trocken mitten durchs Meer. (Because Pharao pulled hinein into_the sea with Rossen and Wagen and Reitern, and the/of_the LORD left/let the sea again above they/she/them fallen. But the children Israel went trocken mitten durchs sea.)
ClVgIngressus est enim eques Pharao cum curribus et equitibus ejus in mare: et reduxit super eos Dominus aquas maris: filii autem Israël ambulaverunt per siccum in medio ejus.][fn] (Ingressus it_is because eques Pharao when/with curribus and equitibus his in mare: and reduxit over them Master waters maris: children however Israel ambulaverunt through siccum in in_the_middle his.] )
15.19Filii autem Isræl, etc. ORIG. Et tu si filius es Isræl, potes ambulare per siccum in medio maris. Si fueris in medio nationis pravæ et perversæ, sicut lumen solis in medio peccatorum incedens, non te infundet humor peccati, et per hunc mundum transeuntem nulla libidinis unda resperget, nullus cupiditatis æstus verberabit. Qui Ægyptus est, et sequitur Pharaonem, vitiorum fluctibus mergitur. Qui vero sequitur Christum, et sicut ille ambulavit, ambulat, aqua ei fit murus dextra lævaque. Ipse autem media via incedit, per siccum non declinat ad dexteram neque ad sinistram, usquequo exeat ad libertatem, et hymnum victoriæ Domino canat dicens: Cantemus Domino, etc.
15.19Children however Isræl, etc. ORIG. And you when/but_if filius you_are Isræl, potes ambulare through siccum in in_the_middle maris. When/But_if fueris in in_the_middle nationis pravæ and perversæ, like lumen solis in in_the_middle sinners incedens, not/no you(sg) infundet humor peccati, and through this_one the_world transeuntem nulla libidinis unda resperget, nullus cupiditatis æstus verberabit. Who Ægyptus it_is, and follows Pharaonem, vitiorum fluctibus mergitur. Who vero follows Christum, and like he ambulavit, ambulat, water to_him fit murus dextra lævaque. Exactly_that however media road incedit, through siccum not/no declinat to dexteram nor to sinistram, usquequo exeat to libertatem, and hymnum victoriæ Master canat saying: Cantemus Master, etc.
15:19-21Miriam led the women in praise. In many ancient societies, men and women performed ceremonies separately. Women had special roles in ritual praise and lamentation.
Like several other events recorded in Scripture, the Bible’s account of the Israelites’ journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai includes an abundance of geographical references, yet it remains one of the most hotly debated topics among scholars, and numerous theories have been offered. The vast majority of geographical references provided in the story are disputed, including the place where the Israelites crossed the Red Sea, the location of Mount Sinai (see Proposed Locations for Mount Sinai map), and the various stops along the Israelites’ journey. A few locations have been established with some degree of scholarly consensus, but even these are not without opposing viewpoints. Amidst this incredible diversity of opinion, however, a single verse provides one of the most helpful clues for weighing the merits of one viewpoint over another: “By the way of Mount Seir it takes eleven days to reach Kadesh-barnea from Horeb” (Deuteronomy 1:2). For those who assume the Bible’s account to be trustworthy, this verse appears to require the following for any theory to be considered viable: 1) Kadesh-barnea and Mount Sinai must have been located at a distance from each other that could reasonably have been expected to take eleven days for an entire nation of people with small children, flocks, equipment, and perhaps even elderly members to travel on foot; and 2) the pace established by this distance over eleven days should most likely be considered the typical pace for the Israelites as they traveled from place to place along the other parts of the journey. This two-pronged test clearly strains many of the theories put forth to this point, especially when one factors in the time references given for the start of the journey (Exodus 12:6; Numbers 33:3), the middle of the journey (Exodus 16:1; Numbers 33:8), and the end of the journey (Exodus 19:1). In short, the journey from Rameses to the Wilderness of Sin took 31 days, since it included the 15th day of the second month, and the rest of the journey took another 16 days, assuming they arrived at Mount Sinai on the 15th day (not the first day, etc.) of the third month. Along with these criteria, a theory’s overall congruence with other established geographical and archeological data should bolster its credibility over other proposals. Another consideration is the extreme similarity between the events at Rephidim (Exodus 17) and the events at Kadesh-barnea (Numbers 20:1-13; 27:12-14; Deuteronomy 32:51; Ezekiel 47:19; 48:28), raising the question of whether Rephidim (meaning “resting places”) is in fact Kadesh-barnea. With these things in mind, the map below proposes a route for the exodus that meets virtually all of these criteria. A careful analysis and explanation of all the elements of the map is far beyond the scope of this article, but a few key points should be noted. The term Red Sea, in addition to referring to what we now regard it, must have also applied to the interconnected lakes and marshlands that lay along what is now the Suez Canal. Also, the portion of the journey that passed through the wilderness for three days without water (Exodus 15:22; Numbers 33:8) may have been comprised of a partial first day, a full second day, and a partial third day, much like Jesus’ time in the tomb is reckoned as three days in Matthew 12:40. Most notably, Mount Sinai is placed on this map at Gebel Khashm et-Tarif, which is appropriately located near, but not in, Midian (Exodus 3:1; 18:5; Numbers 10:29-30). It is also located 89 miles from Kadesh-barnea (assuming Kadesh is at Tall al-Quderat), which establishes a reasonable pace of 7.6 miles (12.2 km) per day to travel between them in 11 days. This lines up well with several known sources of water along that route (e.g., `Ain Qedeis [Hazar-addar?], Tamilat Suwelima [Hor-haggiggad?], and the spring at Kuntillet al-Girafi [unknown ancient identification]). This general pace then synchronizes very well with the timetable and distances required by this map for the other parts of the journey. The distance from Rameses to the Wilderness of Sin (where it is located here) could be completed in under 26 days, leaving an acceptable buffer of about 5 days for the parting of the Red Sea and perhaps a slower pace through the Wilderness of Shur/Etham. The entire journey took about 60 days, and the journey from the Wilderness of Sin to Mount Sinai took about 29 days. This leaves an acceptable buffer of time to complete the rest of the journey (about 16 days of travel) with a very adequate two weeks of extra time for Jethro to visit Moses and the Israelites to do battle with the Amalekites (Exodus 17-18). It should be noted that this timetable generally assumes (but does not necessarily require) that travel continued on sabbath days, but Scripture does not make clear whether travel was prohibited as work prior to the giving of the law at Mount Sinai.
