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Open English Translation 2KI Chapter 18

2KI 18 ©

Readers’ Version

Literal Version

18:1 The kingdom of Isikiyas of Yehudah

(2 Chr. 29:1-2)

18 2 3 4[ref] 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

18and_he/it_was in_year three of_Hoshea the_son of_ʼĒlāh the_king of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) he_became_king Ḩizqiyyāh the_son of_ʼĀḩāzz the_king of_Yəhūdāh/(Judah).
2A_son of_twenty and_five year[s] he_was in/on/at/with_became_king_he and_twenty and_nine year[s] he_reigned in/on/at/with_Yərūshālayim/(Jerusalem) and_name_of his/its_mother [was]_Abi the_daughter of_Zəkaryāh.
3And_he/it_made the_right in/on_both_eyes_of of_YHWH according_to_all that he_had_done Dāvid his/its_father.
4He he_removed DOM the_high_places and_smashed DOM the_sacred_pillars and_cut_down DOM the_asherah_poles and_broke_in_pieces the_snake the_bronze which he_had_made Mosheh if/because until the_days the_those they_were the_people of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) making_smoke to_him/it and_he/it_called to_him/it Nehushtan.
5In/on/at/with_LORD the_god of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) he_trusted and_after_him not anyone_was like_him in/on/at/with_all the_kings of_Yəhūdāh and_which they_were before_face/front_him.
6And_held_fast in/on/at/with_LORD not he_turned_aside from_following_him and_kept commandments_his which he_had_commanded YHWH DOM Mosheh.
7And_it_was YHWH with_him/it in/on/at/with_all that he_went_out he_prospered and_rebelled in/on/at/with_king of_Assyria and_not serve_him.
8He he_defeated DOM [the]_Fəlishəttiy to ˊAzzāh and_DOM territory_its from_tower_of of_watchmen unto a_city of_fortification.
9and_he/it_was in/on/at/with_year the_fourth to/for_the_king Ḩizqiyyāh it the_year the_seventh of_Hoshea the_son of_ʼĒlāh the_king of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) he_came_up Shalmaneser the_king of_Assyria on Shomrōn and_he/it_laid_siege against_it.
10And_captured_it at_end of_three years in_year six of_Ḩizqiyyāh it [was]_year nine of_Hoshea the_king of_Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) it_was_captured Shomrōn.
11And_deported the_king of_Assyria DOM Yisrāʼēl/(Israel) Assyria_to and_settled_them in/on/at/with_Halah and_in/on/at/with_Habor the_river of_Gozan and_cities of_Media.
12On that not they_had_listened in/on/at/with_voice of_YHWH god_their and_transgressed DOM covenant_his DOM all that he_had_commanded Mosheh the_servant of_YHWH and_not they_listened and_not they_did.

18:13 The invasion of Sinakirib of Yehudah

(2 Chr. 32:1-19)

13 14 15 16

17 18

19 20 21 22

23 24 25

26

27

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

36 37


13and_in/on/at/with_four_of teen year to/for_the_king Ḩizqiyyāh he_came_up Sennacherib the_king of_Assyria on all the_cities of_Yəhūdāh/(Judah) the_fortified and_captured_them.
14And_sent Ḩizqiyyāh the_king of_Yəhūdāh to the_king of_Assyria Lākīsh_at to_say I_have_sinned turn_back from_against_me DOM [that]_which you_will_put on_me I_will_bear and_he/it_assigned the_king of_Assyria on Ḩizqiyyāh the_king of_Yəhūdāh three hundred(s) talent[s] of_silver and_thirty talent[s] of_gold.
15And_he/it_gave Ḩizqiyyāh DOM all the_silver the_found the_house of_YHWH and_in/on/at/with_treasuries of_the_house the_king’s.
16In/on/at/with_time the_that he_cut_off Ḩizqiyyāh DOM the_doors of_the_temple of_YHWH and_DOM the_doorposts which he_had_overlaid Ḩizqiyyāh the_king of_Yəhūdāh and_gave_it to_king of_Assyria.
17and_sent the_king of_Assyria DOM [the]_commander_in_chief and_DOM [the]_Rab- saris and_DOM [the]_Rab- shaqeh from Lākīsh to the_king Ḩizqiyyāh in/on/at/with_army massive Yərūshālayim/(Jerusalem) and_went_up and_they_came Yərūshālayim and_went_up and_they_came and_they_stood in/on/at/with_aqueduct the_pool the_upper which in/on/at/with_highway of_[the]_field of_[the]_washer.
18And_called to the_king and_he/it_went_out to_them ʼElyāqīm the_son of_Hilkiah who [was]_over the_palace and_Shebnah the_secretary and_Joah the_son of_ʼĀşāf the_recorder.
19And_he/it_said to_them [the]_Rab- shaqeh say please to Ḩizqiyyāh thus he_says the_king the_great the_king of_Assyria what the_confidence the_this which you_trust.
20You_have_said only a_word of_lips [is]_a_plan and_strength for_the_war now on whom do_you_rely (cmp) you_have_rebelled in/on/at/with_me.
21Now here you_rely for_you on the_staff the_reed the_broken the_this on Miʦrayim/(Egypt) which he_will_support_himself anyone on/upon/above_him/it and_goes in/on/at/with_hand_his and_pierce_it [is]_thus Farˊoh the_king of_Miʦrayim to/from_all/each/any/every the_rely on/upon/above_him/it.
22And_because/when say to_me to YHWH god_our we_trust am_not [is]_he [the_one]_whom he_has_removed Ḩizqiyyāh DOM high_places_whose and_DOM altars_whose and_he/it_said to_Yəhūdāh/(Judah) and_to_Yərūshālayim/(Jerusalem) to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before the_altar the_this you_all_will_bow_down in/on/at/with_Yərūshālayim.
23And_now make_a_wager please with my_master with the_king of_Assyria and_give to/for_yourself(m) two_thousand horses if you_will_be_able to_set to/for_yourself(m) riders on_them.
24And_how will_you_turn_back DOM the_face of_the_governor (of)_one of_the_servants my_master the_least and_rely to/for_yourself(m) on Miʦrayim for_chariots and_for_horsemen.
25Now from_apart YHWH have_I_come_up on the_place the_this to_destroy_it YHWH he_said to_me go_up on the_earth/land the_this and_destroy_it.
26And_he/it_said ʼElyāqīm the_son of_Hilkiah and_Shebnah and_Joah to [the]_Rab- shaqeh speak please to your_servants Aramaic if/because [are]_understanding we and_not speak with_us Judean in/on/at/with_hearing the_people which [is]_on the_wall.
27And_he/it_said to_them [the]_Rab- shaqeh to master_your and_to_you(ms) sent_me my_master to_speak DOM the_words the_these not to the_men the_sit on the_wall to_eat DOM[fn] dung_their_own[fn] and_to_drink DOM their_own[fn][fn][fn] with_you_all.
28And_stood [the]_Rab- shaqeh and_he/it_called in/on/at/with_voice great Judean and_he/it_spoke and_he/it_said hear the_word the_king the_great the_king of_Assyria.
29Thus he_says the_king not let_him_deceive to/for_you_all Ḩizqiyyāh if/because not he_will_be_able to_deliver DOM_you_all from_hand_him.
30And_not let_him_make_trust DOM_you_all Ḩizqiyyāh to YHWH to_say certainly_(deliver) he_will_deliver_us YHWH and_not it_will_be_given DOM the_city the_this in/on/at/with_hand of_the_king of_Assyria.
31Do_not listen to Ḩizqiyyāh if/because thus he_says the_king of_Assyria make with_me a_blessing and_come_out to_me and_eat everyone vine_his_own and_each fig_tree_his and_drink everyone the_water cistern_his_own.
32Until come_I and_take_away DOM_you_all to a_land like_land_your_all’s_own a_land of_grain and_new_wine a_land of_bread and_vineyards a_land of_olive_tree of_fresh_oil and_honey and_live and_not you_all_will_die and_not listen to Ḩizqiyyāh if/because he_misleads DOM_you_all to_say YHWH deliver_us.
33The_to_deliver have_they_delivered the_gods the_nations anyone DOM land_his from_hand of_the_king of_Assyria.
34Where [were]_the_gods of_Ḩₐmāt and_Arpad where [were]_the_gods of_Sepharvaim Hena and_Ivvah (cmp) they_have_delivered DOM Shomrōn from_hand_my.
35Who in_all the_gods the_countries [are_those]_which they_have_delivered DOM land_their from_hand_my (cmp) he_will_deliver YHWH DOM Yərūshālayim/(Jerusalem) from_hand_my.
36And_silent the_people and_not they_answered DOM_him/it anything if/because [was]_the_command the_king it to_say not answer_him.
37And_came ʼElyāqīm the_son of_Hilkiah who [was]_over the_palace and_Shebna the_secretary and_Joah the_son of_ʼĀşāf the_recorder to Ḩizqiyyāh torn of_clothes and_told to_him/it the_words of_[the]_Rab- shaqeh.

18:27 Note: BHS has been faithful to the Leningrad Codex where there might be a question of the validity of the form and we keep the same form as BHS.

18:27 Variant note: חרי/הם: (x-qere) ’צוֹאָתָ֗/ם’: lemma_6675 n_0.0.1 morph_HNcfsc/Sp3mp id_1247T צוֹאָתָ֗/ם

18:27 Variant note: שיני/הם: (x-qere) ’מימֵ֥י’: lemma_4325 morph_HNcmpc id_12cPo מימֵ֥י ’רַגְלֵי/הֶ֖ם’: lemma_7272 n_0.0 morph_HNcfdc/Sp3mp id_12HCo רַגְלֵי/הֶ֖ם

18:27 Note: We read one or more accents in L differently than BHS. Often this notation indicates a typographical error in BHS.

18:27 Note: Marks an anomalous form.


BMMBibleMapper.com Maps:

Map

Sennacherib Attacks Judah

Isaiah 36-37; 2 Kings 18-19; 2 Chronicles 32

The harrowing experience of the attack on Judah by King Sennacherib of Assyria during Hezekiah’s reign is recorded by three different writers of Scripture and even by Sennacherib himself. Many scholars also suspect that this event formed the basis for Herodotus’s story regarding an army of mice eating the bow strings of the Assyrian army during their campaign against the Egyptians (Histories, 2.141). The origins of this event stretch back into the reign of Hezekiah’s father Ahaz, who enticed the Assyrians to attack Israel and Aram in exchange for making Judah a vassal of Assyria (2 Kings 16-17; 2 Chronicles 28; Isaiah 7-8; also see “The Final Days of the Northern Kingdom of Israel” map). Judah continued to be a vassal of Assyria through the early part of Hezekiah’s reign, but Hezekiah also quietly made extensive preparations to throw off the yoke of Assyria one day (2 Kings 18:1-12; 1 Chronicles 4:39-43; 2 Chronicles 29-31; also see “Hezekiah Strengthens Judah” map). Hezekiah also appears to have been hoping for support from Babylon and Egypt regarding his efforts to revolt against Assyria’s rule, but the prophet Isaiah warned Judah against placing their hopes in these foreign powers (Isaiah 30:1-5; 31:1-3; 39:1-8; 40:10-15; 2 Kings 20:12-19). After a few years spent quashing rebellion among the Babylonians, the Kassites, and the Medes in the east, Sennacherib turned his sights westward and began a campaign to subdue the various vassal nations that were refusing to submit to Assyria’s rule any longer. He first reconquered the Phoenician cities of Sidon and Tyre and then moved south to Philistia. He subdued Joppa, Beth-dagon, Bene-berak, and Azor and then moved to capture the cities of the Shephelah, which guarded the entrances to the valleys leading into the central hill country of Judah. While Sennacherib was attacking Lachish he sent his officers to demand Hezekiah’s surrender. This may be the Assyrian advance upon Jerusalem from the north described in Isaiah 10:28-32, but this is not certain (see “Assyria Advances on Jerusalem” map). Hezekiah sent officers back to Sennacherib with gold and silver taken from Temple and the royal treasury, but he would not surrender. The officers then traveled to Libnah to meet with Sennacherib, for he gone to fight there by that time. In the meantime King Tirhakah of Cush, who was ruling over Egypt at this time, came to attack Sennacherib, so Sennacherib sent his officials back to Hezekiah with a message that Jerusalem would be taken if he resisted. Hezekiah laid the letter from the officials before the Lord and prayed, and the Lord sent word through the prophet Isaiah that Jerusalem would not be taken. Then that very night the angel of the Lord killed 185,000 Assyrian soldiers (probably those with Sennacherib fighting the Egyptians), and Sennacherib went back to Assyria. There while he was worshiping in the temple of Nisroch, Sennacherib’s sons killed him and fled to Ararat (see “Ararat” map).

Map

Hezekiah Strengthens Judah

2 Kings 18:1-12; 1 Chronicles 4:39-43; 2 Chronicles 29-31

Throughout his reign, Hezekiah strengthened Judah by restoring proper worship of the Lord and preparing the nation for revolt against Assyria. Though the Bible does not clearly say, both of these aspects of Hezekiah’s reign may have been borne out of a desire to undo the detrimental choices of his father, Ahaz, who had promoted idolatry through Judah (2 Chronicles 28:1-4) and made Judah a vassal to the king of Assyria in exchange for help against Israel and Aram (2 Kings 16-17; 2 Chronicles 28; Isaiah 7-8; see also “The Final Days of the Northern Kingdom of Israel” map). Later, when Hezekiah was a teenager, he witnessed Assyria’s grueling three year siege to capture Samaria (2 Kings 17:1-6; 18:9-12), perhaps cementing his resolve to throw off Judah’s yolk of servitude to Assyria (2 Kings 18:7). Whatever the reasons for his actions as king, Hezekiah spent considerable resources promoting the worship of the Lord and preparing for the inevitable Assyrian attack that would follow Judah’s refusal to submit to Assyria any longer. Hezekiah began by directing the priests and Levites to consecrate themselves and restore ritual purity to the Temple and all its furnishings (2 Chronicles 29). He sent word throughout all Israel and Judah to come and celebrate Passover together once again in Jerusalem (2 Chronicles 30). Though only a few from Israel accepted Hezekiah’s invitation, the Passover was a time of great celebration and worship for all who did come from Israel and Judah. After this, the worshipers went throughout Israel and Judah and destroyed the pagan worship centers (2 Kings 18:4; 2 Chronicles 31:1). Hezekiah also conducted a series of actions to strengthen Judah against the coming Assyrian attack. On the west he attacked the Philistines as far as Gaza (2 Kings 18:8). Part of this effort may have included a Simeonite attack on some Meunites in the valley of Gerar (as in the Septuagint; the Hebrew reading Gedor is likely due to a misreading of the letter r as the similarly shaped letter d), which is recounted in 1 Chronicles 4:39-41. Elsewhere in Scripture the Meunites appear to have lived in the region of Seir (2 Chronicles 20), south of Judah, but a remnant of them may have fled toward Gerar during Uzziah’s time when he attacked them and likely took some of them captive to serve at the Temple of the Lord in Jerusalem (Ezra 2:50; Nehemiah 7:52; also see “Resurgence of Israel and Judah” map). Other Simeonites attacked a remnant of Amalekites living in Seir, thus providing increased protection on Judah’s southern border (1 Chronicles 4:39-43). Hezekiah also fortified Jerusalem and redirected various sources of water away from enemies who might lay siege to the city (2 Chronicles 32:1-8). As part of these preparations Hezekiah commissioned the hewing of a tunnel that channeled water from the Gihon spring (probably also called the “waters of Shiloah” in Isaiah 8:6) away from the eastern side of the city and deposited it in the Lower Pool (also called the Pool of Siloam) further inside the city walls. Hezekiah also repaired portions of the wall that were broken down and built a second wall outside it, likely in the Kidron Valley. He also produced many weapons and shields. The writer of Chronicles appears to portray these preparations as being in keeping with Hezekiah’s other acts of faithfulness and righteousness. Some scholars, however, suspect that Isaiah 22:1-14 may reflect another perspective regarding Hezekiah’s preparations, though it is not certain that this passage refers to Hezekiah’s efforts.

2KI 18 ©

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