OET OET-RV OET-LV GHT ULT UST BSB MSB BLB AICNT OEB WEBBE WMBB NET LSV FBV TCNT T4T LEB BBE Moff JPS Wymth ASV DRA YLT Drby RV SLT Wbstr KJB-1769 KJB-1611 Bshps Gnva Cvdl TNT Wycl SR-GNT UHB BrLXX BrTr Related Parallel Simple Interlinear Topics Reference Dictionary Search
Notes: The occurrences of γῆ[a], οἰκουμένη[a], and κόσμος[b] relate specifically to the known inhabited areas of the earth, which in the NT period included the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, the Fertile Crescent as far as the Indus Valley, and as far north in Europe as England and Scandinavia. This was the total known earth or world. Such a restriction to a known area of the earth is also true of terms used in some receptor languages, though the referents are obviously different. What is important is not the particular area of the earth, but the corresponding concept of the surface of the earth as the place of human habitation. It is possible that οἰκουμένη[a] differs slightly in meaning from γῆ[a] and κόσμος[b] in view of a somewhat greater emphasis or focus upon the civilized part of earth.; Although in the NT γῆ does not occur as a reference to all solid substances in contrast with fire, air, and water, it does so occur in Classical and Hellenistic Greek. This generic meaning of γῆ as an element is thus not part of the lexical inventory of the NT, but γῆ[b], a designation for soil, ground, does occur.; The overlapping features of meaning in γῆ[d], χώρα[b], κλίμα, ὅριον, and μέρος[c] may be readily illustrated by the comparable overlapping of English terms such as region, territory, and land. For example, in the case of RV MAT 15:21 · LV MAT 15:21 · Read together MAT 15:21 it would be possible to speak of the region of Tyre and Sidon, the territory of Tyre and Sidon, the land of Tyre and Sidon, and even the district of Tyre and Sidon. The English terms region, territory, land, and district do differ in certain nuances of meaning reflecting primarily supplementary components which are largely connotative.
Part of speech: noun, f.
Inflections: γῆ; -γῆς
Related lemmas: ἀνάγαιον · ἐπίγειος
Semantic entry: 1.39
Semantic domains: Geographical Objects and Features
Subdomains: The Earth's Surface
Definition: the surface of the earth as the dwelling place of mankind, in contrast with the heavens above and the world below{N:001}
MAT 5:5: RV MAT 5:5 · LV MAT 5:5 · Read together MAT 5:5
MAT 5:35: RV MAT 5:35 · LV MAT 5:35 · Read together MAT 5:35
MAT: RV MAT 5:5 · RV MAT 5:35 · RV MAT 6:10 · RV MAT 6:19 · RV MAT 9:6 · RV MAT 10:29 · RV MAT 12:40 · RV MAT 12:42 · RV MAT 15:35 · RV MAT 16:19 · RV MAT 18:18–19 · RV MAT 23:9 · RV MAT 23:35 · RV MAT 27:51 · RV MAT 28:18 · LV MAT 5:5 · LV MAT 5:35 · LV MAT 6:10 · LV MAT 6:19 · LV MAT 9:6 · LV MAT 10:29 · LV MAT 12:40 · LV MAT 12:42 · LV MAT 15:35 · LV MAT 16:19 · LV MAT 18:18–19 · LV MAT 23:9 · LV MAT 23:35 · LV MAT 27:51 · LV MAT 28:18 · Read together MAT 5:5 · Read together MAT 5:35 · Read together MAT 6:10 · Read together MAT 6:19 · Read together MAT 9:6 · Read together MAT 10:29 · Read together MAT 12:40 · Read together MAT 12:42 · Read together MAT 15:35 · Read together MAT 16:19 · Read together MAT 18:18–19 · Read together MAT 23:9 · Read together MAT 23:35 · Read together MAT 27:51 · Read together MAT 28:18
MRK: RV MRK 2:10 · RV MRK 4:31 · RV MRK 8:6 · RV MRK 9:3 · RV MRK 9:20 · RV MRK 13:27 · RV MRK 14:35 · LV MRK 2:10 · LV MRK 4:31 · LV MRK 8:6 · LV MRK 9:3 · LV MRK 9:20 · LV MRK 13:27 · LV MRK 14:35 · Read together MRK 2:10 · Read together MRK 4:31 · Read together MRK 8:6 · Read together MRK 9:3 · Read together MRK 9:20 · Read together MRK 13:27 · Read together MRK 14:35
LUK: RV LUK 2:14 · RV LUK 4:25 · RV LUK 5:24 · RV LUK 11:31 · RV LUK 12:49 · RV LUK 12:56 · RV LUK 21:23 · RV LUK 21:25 · RV LUK 21:35 · LV LUK 2:14 · LV LUK 4:25 · LV LUK 5:24 · LV LUK 11:31 · LV LUK 12:49 · LV LUK 12:56 · LV LUK 21:23 · LV LUK 21:25 · LV LUK 21:35 · Read together LUK 2:14 · Read together LUK 4:25 · Read together LUK 5:24 · Read together LUK 11:31 · Read together LUK 12:49 · Read together LUK 12:56 · Read together LUK 21:23 · Read together LUK 21:25 · Read together LUK 21:35
JHN: RV JHN 3:31 · RV JHN 12:32 · RV JHN 17:4 · LV JHN 3:31 · LV JHN 12:32 · LV JHN 17:4 · Read together JHN 3:31 · Read together JHN 12:32 · Read together JHN 17:4
ACT: RV ACT 1:8 · RV ACT 2:19 · RV ACT 7:49 · RV ACT 8:33 · RV ACT 10:11–12 · RV ACT 11:6 · RV ACT 13:47 · RV ACT 14:15 · RV ACT 17:24 · RV ACT 17:26 · RV ACT 22:22 · RV ACT 26:14 · LV ACT 1:8 · LV ACT 2:19 · LV ACT 7:49 · LV ACT 8:33 · LV ACT 10:11–12 · LV ACT 11:6 · LV ACT 13:47 · LV ACT 14:15 · LV ACT 17:24 · LV ACT 17:26 · LV ACT 22:22 · LV ACT 26:14 · Read together ACT 1:8 · Read together ACT 2:19 · Read together ACT 7:49 · Read together ACT 8:33 · Read together ACT 10:11–12 · Read together ACT 11:6 · Read together ACT 13:47 · Read together ACT 14:15 · Read together ACT 17:24 · Read together ACT 17:26 · Read together ACT 22:22 · Read together ACT 26:14
ROM: RV ROM 9:28 · LV ROM 9:28 · Read together ROM 9:28
CO1: RV CO1 8:5 · RV CO1 10:26 · LV CO1 8:5 · LV CO1 10:26 · Read together CO1 8:5 · Read together CO1 10:26
EPH: RV EPH 1:10 · RV EPH 3:15 · RV EPH 4:9 · RV EPH 6:3 · LV EPH 1:10 · LV EPH 3:15 · LV EPH 4:9 · LV EPH 6:3 · Read together EPH 1:10 · Read together EPH 3:15 · Read together EPH 4:9 · Read together EPH 6:3
COL: RV COL 1:16 · RV COL 1:20 · RV COL 3:2 · RV COL 3:5 · LV COL 1:16 · LV COL 1:20 · LV COL 3:2 · LV COL 3:5 · Read together COL 1:16 · Read together COL 1:20 · Read together COL 3:2 · Read together COL 3:5
HEB: RV HEB 1:10 · RV HEB 8:4 · RV HEB 11:13 · RV HEB 11:38 · RV HEB 12:25–26 · LV HEB 1:10 · LV HEB 8:4 · LV HEB 11:13 · LV HEB 11:38 · LV HEB 12:25–26 · Read together HEB 1:10 · Read together HEB 8:4 · Read together HEB 11:13 · Read together HEB 11:38 · Read together HEB 12:25–26
JAM: RV JAM 5:5 · RV JAM 5:12 · RV JAM 5:17–18 · LV JAM 5:5 · LV JAM 5:12 · LV JAM 5:17–18 · Read together JAM 5:5 · Read together JAM 5:12 · Read together JAM 5:17–18
PE2: RV PE2 3:5 · RV PE2 3:10 · RV PE2 3:13 · LV PE2 3:5 · LV PE2 3:10 · LV PE2 3:13 · Read together PE2 3:5 · Read together PE2 3:10 · Read together PE2 3:13
REV: RV REV 1:5 · RV REV 1:7 · RV REV 3:10 · RV REV 5:3 · RV REV 5:6 · RV REV 5:10 · RV REV 5:13 · RV REV 6:4 · RV REV 6:8 · RV REV 6:10 · RV REV 6:13 · RV REV 6:15 · RV REV 7:1 · RV REV 8:5 · RV REV 8:7 · RV REV 8:13 · RV REV 9:1 · RV REV 9:3–4 · RV REV 11:4 · RV REV 11:6 · RV REV 11:10 · RV REV 11:18 · RV REV 12:4 · RV REV 12:9 · RV REV 12:13 · RV REV 12:16 · RV REV 13:8 · RV REV 13:11–14 · RV REV 14:3 · RV REV 14:6 · RV REV 16:18 · RV REV 17:2 · RV REV 17:5 · RV REV 17:8 · RV REV 17:18 · RV REV 18:1 · RV REV 18:3 · RV REV 18:9 · RV REV 18:11 · RV REV 18:23–24 · RV REV 19:2 · RV REV 19:19 · RV REV 20:8–9 · RV REV 21:1 · RV REV 21:24 · LV REV 1:5 · LV REV 1:7 · LV REV 3:10 · LV REV 5:3 · LV REV 5:6 · LV REV 5:10 · LV REV 5:13 · LV REV 6:4 · LV REV 6:8 · LV REV 6:10 · LV REV 6:13 · LV REV 6:15 · LV REV 7:1 · LV REV 8:5 · LV REV 8:7 · LV REV 8:13 · LV REV 9:1 · LV REV 9:3–4 · LV REV 11:4 · LV REV 11:6 · LV REV 11:10 · LV REV 11:18 · LV REV 12:4 · LV REV 12:9 · LV REV 12:13 · LV REV 12:16 · LV REV 13:8 · LV REV 13:11–14 · LV REV 14:3 · LV REV 14:6 · LV REV 16:18 · LV REV 17:2 · LV REV 17:5 · LV REV 17:8 · LV REV 17:18 · LV REV 18:1 · LV REV 18:3 · LV REV 18:9 · LV REV 18:11 · LV REV 18:23–24 · LV REV 19:2 · LV REV 19:19 · LV REV 20:8–9 · LV REV 21:1 · LV REV 21:24 · Read together REV 1:5 · Read together REV 1:7 · Read together REV 3:10 · Read together REV 5:3 · Read together REV 5:6 · Read together REV 5:10 · Read together REV 5:13 · Read together REV 6:4 · Read together REV 6:8 · Read together REV 6:10 · Read together REV 6:13 · Read together REV 6:15 · Read together REV 7:1 · Read together REV 8:5 · Read together REV 8:7 · Read together REV 8:13 · Read together REV 9:1 · Read together REV 9:3–4 · Read together REV 11:4 · Read together REV 11:6 · Read together REV 11:10 · Read together REV 11:18 · Read together REV 12:4 · Read together REV 12:9 · Read together REV 12:13 · Read together REV 12:16 · Read together REV 13:8 · Read together REV 13:11–14 · Read together REV 14:3 · Read together REV 14:6 · Read together REV 16:18 · Read together REV 17:2 · Read together REV 17:5 · Read together REV 17:8 · Read together REV 17:18 · Read together REV 18:1 · Read together REV 18:3 · Read together REV 18:9 · Read together REV 18:11 · Read together REV 18:23–24 · Read together REV 19:2 · Read together REV 19:19 · Read together REV 20:8–9 · Read together REV 21:1 · Read together REV 21:24
Semantic entry: 1.60
Semantic domains: Geographical Objects and Features
Subdomains: Land in Contrast With the Sea
Definition: dry land, in contrast with the sea
Notes: In a number of languages a clear distinction is made between terms which designate land in contrast with water and those which designate cultivated land. Even in English the normal term for land close to water is ‘shore’ or ‘coast,’ and therefore one may translate RV MAT 14:24 · LV MAT 14:24 · Read together MAT 14:24 as ‘the boat was already far away from the shore.’ Similarly, in RV ACT 27:27 · LV ACT 27:27 · Read together ACT 27:27 one may translate ‘we were getting close to shore.’
MAT 14:24: RV MAT 14:24 · LV MAT 14:24 · Read together MAT 14:24
MAT 14:34: RV MAT 14:34 · LV MAT 14:34 · Read together MAT 14:34
MAT: RV MAT 14:24 · RV MAT 14:34 · LV MAT 14:24 · LV MAT 14:34 · Read together MAT 14:24 · Read together MAT 14:34
MRK: RV MRK 4:1 · RV MRK 6:47 · RV MRK 6:53 · LV MRK 4:1 · LV MRK 6:47 · LV MRK 6:53 · Read together MRK 4:1 · Read together MRK 6:47 · Read together MRK 6:53
LUK: RV LUK 5:3 · RV LUK 5:11 · RV LUK 8:27 · LV LUK 5:3 · LV LUK 5:11 · LV LUK 8:27 · Read together LUK 5:3 · Read together LUK 5:11 · Read together LUK 8:27
JHN: RV JHN 6:21 · RV JHN 21:8–9 · RV JHN 21:11 · LV JHN 6:21 · LV JHN 21:8–9 · LV JHN 21:11 · Read together JHN 6:21 · Read together JHN 21:8–9 · Read together JHN 21:11
ACT: RV ACT 7:33 · RV ACT 27:43–44 · LV ACT 7:33 · LV ACT 27:43–44 · Read together ACT 7:33 · Read together ACT 27:43–44
HEB: RV HEB 11:29 · LV HEB 11:29 · Read together HEB 11:29
JAM: RV JAM 5:17–18 · LV JAM 5:17–18 · Read together JAM 5:17–18
REV: RV REV 7:1–3 · RV REV 10:2 · RV REV 10:5–6 · RV REV 10:8 · RV REV 12:12 · LV REV 7:1–3 · LV REV 10:2 · LV REV 10:5–6 · LV REV 10:8 · LV REV 12:12 · Read together REV 7:1–3 · Read together REV 10:2 · Read together REV 10:5–6 · Read together REV 10:8 · Read together REV 12:12
Semantic entry: 2.14
Semantic domains: Natural Substances
Subdomains: Earth, Mud, Sand, Rock
Definition: the loose top layer of earth in which plants grow, usually black, brown, or reddish in color and made of organic matter and mineral particles{N:002}
Notes: The meaning of γῆ[c] may be expressed in some instances as soil for planting or ground for plants.
MAT 13:5: RV MAT 13:5 · LV MAT 13:5 · Read together MAT 13:5
MAT 13:8: RV MAT 13:8 · LV MAT 13:8 · Read together MAT 13:8
MAT: RV MAT 13:5 · RV MAT 13:8 · RV MAT 13:23 · RV MAT 25:18 · RV MAT 25:25 · LV MAT 13:5 · LV MAT 13:8 · LV MAT 13:23 · LV MAT 25:18 · LV MAT 25:25 · Read together MAT 13:5 · Read together MAT 13:8 · Read together MAT 13:23 · Read together MAT 25:18 · Read together MAT 25:25
MRK: RV MRK 4:5 · RV MRK 4:8 · RV MRK 4:20 · RV MRK 4:26 · RV MRK 4:28 · RV MRK 4:31 · LV MRK 4:5 · LV MRK 4:8 · LV MRK 4:20 · LV MRK 4:26 · LV MRK 4:28 · LV MRK 4:31 · Read together MRK 4:5 · Read together MRK 4:8 · Read together MRK 4:20 · Read together MRK 4:26 · Read together MRK 4:28 · Read together MRK 4:31
LUK: RV LUK 6:49 · RV LUK 8:8 · RV LUK 8:15 · RV LUK 13:7 · RV LUK 14:35 · RV LUK 22:44 · RV LUK 24:5 · LV LUK 6:49 · LV LUK 8:8 · LV LUK 8:15 · LV LUK 13:7 · LV LUK 14:35 · LV LUK 22:44 · LV LUK 24:5 · Read together LUK 6:49 · Read together LUK 8:8 · Read together LUK 8:15 · Read together LUK 13:7 · Read together LUK 14:35 · Read together LUK 22:44 · Read together LUK 24:5
JHN: RV JHN 8:6 · RV JHN 8:8 · RV JHN 12:24 · LV JHN 8:6 · LV JHN 8:8 · LV JHN 12:24 · Read together JHN 8:6 · Read together JHN 8:8 · Read together JHN 12:24
ACT: RV ACT 9:4 · RV ACT 9:8 · LV ACT 9:4 · LV ACT 9:8 · Read together ACT 9:4 · Read together ACT 9:8
CO1: RV CO1 15:47 · LV CO1 15:47 · Read together CO1 15:47
HEB: RV HEB 6:7 · LV HEB 6:7 · Read together HEB 6:7
JAM: RV JAM 5:7 · RV JAM 5:17–18 · LV JAM 5:7 · LV JAM 5:17–18 · Read together JAM 5:7 · Read together JAM 5:17–18
REV: RV REV 14:15–16 · RV REV 14:18–19 · RV REV 16:1–2 · LV REV 14:15–16 · LV REV 14:18–19 · LV REV 16:1–2 · Read together REV 14:15–16 · Read together REV 14:18–19 · Read together REV 16:1–2
Semantic entry: 1.79
Semantic domains: Geographical Objects and Features
Subdomains: Sociopolitical Areas
Definition: region or regions of the earth, normally in relation to some ethnic group or geographical center, but not necessarily constituting a unit of governmental administration{N:003}
Notes: The meanings of γῆ[d], χώρα[b], κλίμαὅριον, and μέρος[c] are not to be regarded as completely synonymous, but in certain of their NT usages they are largely overlapping in reference.
MAT 2:6: RV MAT 2:6 · LV MAT 2:6 · Read together MAT 2:6
MAT 2:20: RV MAT 2:20 · LV MAT 2:20 · Read together MAT 2:20
MAT: RV MAT 2:6 · RV MAT 2:20–21 · RV MAT 4:15 · RV MAT 9:26 · RV MAT 9:31 · RV MAT 27:45 · LV MAT 2:6 · LV MAT 2:20–21 · LV MAT 4:15 · LV MAT 9:26 · LV MAT 9:31 · LV MAT 27:45 · Read together MAT 2:6 · Read together MAT 2:20–21 · Read together MAT 4:15 · Read together MAT 9:26 · Read together MAT 9:31 · Read together MAT 27:45
MRK: RV MRK 15:33 · LV MRK 15:33 · Read together MRK 15:33
LUK: RV LUK 23:44 · LV LUK 23:44 · Read together LUK 23:44
JHN: RV JHN 3:22 · LV JHN 3:22 · Read together JHN 3:22
ACT: RV ACT 7:3–4 · RV ACT 7:6 · RV ACT 7:29 · RV ACT 7:36 · RV ACT 7:40 · RV ACT 13:17 · RV ACT 13:19 · RV ACT 27:39 · LV ACT 7:3–4 · LV ACT 7:6 · LV ACT 7:29 · LV ACT 7:36 · LV ACT 7:40 · LV ACT 13:17 · LV ACT 13:19 · LV ACT 27:39 · Read together ACT 7:3–4 · Read together ACT 7:6 · Read together ACT 7:29 · Read together ACT 7:36 · Read together ACT 7:40 · Read together ACT 13:17 · Read together ACT 13:19 · Read together ACT 27:39
HEB: RV HEB 8:9 · RV HEB 11:9 · LV HEB 8:9 · LV HEB 11:9 · Read together HEB 8:9 · Read together HEB 11:9
JDE: RV JDE 1:5 · LV JDE 1:5 · Read together JDE 1:5
Semantic entry: 9.22
Semantic domains: People
Subdomains: Human Beings
Definition: (figurative extension of meaning of γῆ[a] ‘earth,’ 1.39: γῆ / 1.39: κόσμος / 1.39: οἰκουμένη) all people who dwell on the earth
MAT 5:13: RV MAT 5:13 · LV MAT 5:13 · Read together MAT 5:13
MAT 10:15: RV MAT 10:15 · LV MAT 10:15 · Read together MAT 10:15
MAT: RV MAT 5:13 · RV MAT 10:15 · RV MAT 10:34 · RV MAT 11:24 · RV MAT 17:25 · RV MAT 24:30 · LV MAT 5:13 · LV MAT 10:15 · LV MAT 10:34 · LV MAT 11:24 · LV MAT 17:25 · LV MAT 24:30 · Read together MAT 5:13 · Read together MAT 10:15 · Read together MAT 10:34 · Read together MAT 11:24 · Read together MAT 17:25 · Read together MAT 24:30
LUK: RV LUK 12:51 · RV LUK 18:8 · LV LUK 12:51 · LV LUK 18:8 · Read together LUK 12:51 · Read together LUK 18:8
ACT: RV ACT 3:25 · RV ACT 4:26 · LV ACT 3:25 · LV ACT 4:26 · Read together ACT 3:25 · Read together ACT 4:26
ROM: RV ROM 9:17 · RV ROM 9:28 · RV ROM 10:18 · LV ROM 9:17 · LV ROM 9:28 · LV ROM 10:18 · Read together ROM 9:17 · Read together ROM 9:28 · Read together ROM 10:18
REV: RV REV 13:3 · LV REV 13:3 · Read together REV 13:3
Semantic entry: 1.3
Semantic domains: Geographical Objects and Features
Subdomains: Universe, Creation
Definition: a more or less fixed phrase: the heavens and the earth, equivalent to a single lexical item: the totality of God’s creation
Notes: There may be certain complications involved in rendering ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ as ‘heaven and earth,’ since ‘heaven’ might be interpreted in some languages as referring only to the dwelling place of God himself. The referents in this passage are ‘the sky and the earth,’ in other words, all of physical existence, but not the dwelling place of God, for the latter would not be included in what is destined to pass away.
Collocations: ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ
MAT 5:18: RV MAT 5:18 · LV MAT 5:18 · Read together MAT 5:18
MAT 11:25: RV MAT 11:25 · LV MAT 11:25 · Read together MAT 11:25
MAT: RV MAT 5:18 · RV MAT 11:25 · RV MAT 24:35 · LV MAT 5:18 · LV MAT 11:25 · LV MAT 24:35 · Read together MAT 5:18 · Read together MAT 11:25 · Read together MAT 24:35
MRK: RV MRK 13:31 · LV MRK 13:31 · Read together MRK 13:31
LUK: RV LUK 10:21 · RV LUK 16:17 · RV LUK 21:33 · LV LUK 10:21 · LV LUK 16:17 · LV LUK 21:33 · Read together LUK 10:21 · Read together LUK 16:17 · Read together LUK 21:33
ACT: RV ACT 4:24 · LV ACT 4:24 · Read together ACT 4:24
PE2: RV PE2 3:7 · LV PE2 3:7 · Read together PE2 3:7
REV: RV REV 14:7 · RV REV 20:11 · LV REV 14:7 · LV REV 20:11 · Read together REV 14:7 · Read together REV 20:11