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Hebrew wordlink #71399

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OSHB Num 17:25 הָעֵדוּת (hā, ˊēdūt) Strongs=d, 5715 Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’
 contextual morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’
 Morphology=Td PoS=definite_article
 Morphology=Ncfsa PoS=common_noun Gender=feminine Number=singular State=absolute

Note: These word pages enable you to click through to the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB) that the Open English Translation Old Testament is translated from. The OSHB is based on the Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC). (We are still searching for a digitized facsimile of the Leningradensis manuscript that we can easily link to. See this list and this archive for now.) This is all part of the commitment of the Open English Translation team to be transparent about all levels of the Bible translation process right back to the original manuscripts.

The word form ‘הָעֵדוּת’ (Morphology=Td PoS=definite_article
 Morphology=Ncfsa PoS=common_noun Gender=feminine Number=singular State=absolute) is always and only glossed as ‘the, testimony’.

The various word forms of the root word (lemma) ‘Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’’ have 2 different glosses: ‘of,the_testimony’, ‘the,testimony’.

Hebrew words (36) other than הָעֵדוּת (Morphology=Td PoS=definite_article
 Morphology=Ncfsa PoS=common_noun Gender=feminine Number=singular State=absolute) with a gloss related to ‘testimony’

Have 36 other words with 6 lemmas altogether (Lemma=‘תְּעוּדָה’, Lemma=‘עֵד’, Lemma=‘עֵדוּת’, Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’, Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘עֵדוּת’, Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘לְ’, ‘תְּעוּדָה’)

EXO 16:34 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 16:34 word 9

OET-LV: 34 Just_as he_had_commanded YHWH to Mosheh and_he_placed_it ʼAhₐron to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before the_transcript for_keeping.   (EXO_16:34)

OET-RV: 34 So Aharon prepared the jar and kept it (and would eventually place it in the box with the stone tablets.) (EXO 16:34)

EXO 20:16 עֵד (ˊēd)  Lemma=‘עֵד’ contextual word gloss=‘testimony_of’ word gloss=‘witness_of’ OSHB EXO 20:16 word 4

OET-LV: 16 not you_must_testify against_your_of_neighbour transcript_of falsehood.   (EXO_20:16)

OET-RV:  •  16 You mustn’t lie in court. (EXO 20:16)

EXO 25:16 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 25:16 word 5

OET-LV: 16 And_you_will_put into the_box DOM the_transcript which I_will_give to_you.   (EXO_25:16)

OET-RV: 16 The two stone slabs that I’ll give you with our agreement inscribed on them must be placed inside the chest. (EXO 25:16)

EXO 25:21 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 25:21 word 11

OET-LV: 21 And_you_will_put DOM the_atonement_cover on the_box from_to_above and_near/to the_box you_will_put DOM the_transcript which I_will_give to_you.   (EXO_25:21)

OET-RV: 21 When I give you the stone slabs, put them inside the box and then fasten the atonement platform on top to form the lid. (EXO 25:21)

EXO 25:22 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 25:22 word 14

OET-LV: 22 And_I_will_meet to/for_yourself(m) there and_I_will_speak with_you from_under the_atonement_cover from_between the_two_of the_cherubims which will_be_above the_box_of the_transcript DOM all_of that I_will_command you to the_people_of Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel).   (EXO_25:22)

OET-RV: 22 Then I’ll meet with you there, and from the atonement platform between the two winged-creatures and above the stone slabs, I’ll be able to tell you my commands to pass on to the Israelis. (EXO 25:22)

EXO 26:34 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 26:34 word 6

OET-LV: 34 And_you_will_put DOM the_atonement_cover on the_box_of the_transcript in_the_holy_place_of the_holy_places.   (EXO_26:34)

OET-RV: 34 Install the atonement platform as the lid on the box there in the very sacred interior. (EXO 26:34)

EXO 27:21 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 27:21 word 7

OET-LV: 21 In_the_tent_of meeting from_the_outside of_curtain which is_on the_transcript ʼAhₐron he_will_arrange DOM_him/it and_his_of_sons from_evening until morning to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH a_regulation_of perpetuity will_belong_of_to_their_generations from_with the_people_of Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel).   (EXO_27:21)

OET-RV: 21 In the outer portion of the sacred tent (outside the curtain where the sacred box is kept), Aharon and his sons must attend to the lampstand in front of Yahweh from evening to morning. This regulation will apply continually to all future generations of Israelis. (EXO 27:21)

EXO 30:6 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 30:6 word 8

OET-LV: 6 And_you(ms)_will_give DOM_him/it to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before the_curtain which is_on the_box_of the_transcript to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before the_atonement_cover which is_on the_transcript where I_will_meet to/for_yourself(m) (to)_there.   (EXO_30:6)

OET-RV: 6 Put this incense altar outside the curtain that hangs in front of the sacred chest—the box containing the stone slabs and with a platform on it where I will meet with you. (EXO 30:6)

EXO 30:6 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 30:6 word 13

OET-LV: 6 And_you(ms)_will_give DOM_him/it to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before the_curtain which is_on the_box_of the_transcript to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before the_atonement_cover which is_on the_transcript where I_will_meet to/for_yourself(m) (to)_there.   (EXO_30:6)

OET-RV: 6 Put this incense altar outside the curtain that hangs in front of the sacred chest—the box containing the stone slabs and with a platform on it where I will meet with you. (EXO 30:6)

EXO 30:26 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 30:26 word 8

OET-LV: 26 And_you_will_anoint in_him/it DOM the_tent_of meeting and_DOM the_box_of the_transcript.   (EXO_30:26)

OET-RV: 26 Use it to anoint the sacred tent and the box containing the stone slabs, (EXO 30:26)

EXO 30:36 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 30:36 word 7

OET-LV: 36 And_you_will_beat_fine from_her/it finely_(pulverize) and_you(ms)_will_give from_her/it to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before the_transcript in_the_tent_of meeting where I_will_meet to/for_yourself(m) (to)_there holiness_of holiness(es) it_will_be to_you(pl).   (EXO_30:36)

OET-RV: 36 Pulverise some of it into a fine powder and put it in front of the box containing the stone slabs inside the sacred tent. This incense must be regarded as being very sacred. (EXO 30:36)

EXO 31:7 לָעֵדֻת (lāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘לְ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘of_the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 31:7 word 6

OET-LV: 7 DOM the_tent_of meeting and_DOM the_box of_transcript and_DOM the_atonement_cover which on/upon/above_him/it and_DOM all_of the_articles_of the_tent.   (EXO_31:7)

OET-RV:

 •  7 the sacred tent,
 • the box containing the stone slabs with the atonement platform on top of it,
 • all the equipment for inside the sacred tent,

EXO 31:18 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 31:18 word 11

OET-LV: 18 and_he/it_gave to Mosheh just_as_he_finished to_speak with_him/it on_the_mountain_of Şīnay the_two_of the_tablets_of the_transcript tablets_of stone written by_the_finger_of god.   (EXO_31:18)

OET-RV: 18 When Yahweh finished speaking to Mosheh, he gave Mosheh the two stone slabs with the transcript that he had engraved on them with his own finger. (EXO 31:18)

EXO 32:15 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 32:15 word 8

OET-LV: 15 and_he_turned and_ Mosheh _he/it_descended from the_mountain and_the_two_of the_tablets_of the_transcript in_his/its_hand tablets written from_the_two_of sides_of_their from_this and_from_this they were_written.   (EXO_32:15)

OET-RV: 15 Then Mosheh turned and went down the mountain carrying the two tablets with the transcript. The tablets were engraved on both sides—front and back. (EXO 32:15)

EXO 34:29 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 34:29 word 8

OET-LV: 29 And_he/it_was when_came_down Mosheh from_hill of_Şīnay and_the_two_of the_tablets_of the_transcript were_in_the_hand_of Mosheh when_he_came_down from the_mountain and_Mosheh not he_knew if/because_that it_shone the_skin_of his/its_faces/face because_he_had_spoken with_him/it.   (EXO_34:29)

OET-RV: 29 So when Mosheh came down from Mt. Sinai, he was carrying the two stone slabs with the transcript of the ten commands, but what he didn’t know as he descended was that the skin on his face was shining after his talking with Yahweh. (EXO 34:29)

EXO 38:21 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 38:21 word 5

OET-LV: 21 these were_the_expenses_of the_tabernacle the_tabernacle_of the_transcript which it_was_recorded on the_mouth_of Mosheh the_service_of the_Lēviyyiy by_the_hand_of ʼĪtāmār the_son_of ʼAhₐron the_priest/officer.   (EXO_38:21)

OET-RV: 21 These are the records from making the sacred tent (where the stone transcripts were kept). They were recorded by the Levites according to Mosheh’s instructions and supervised by Ithamar (a son of Aharon the priest). (EXO 38:21)

EXO 39:35 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 39:35 word 3

OET-LV: 35 DOM the_box_of the_transcript and_DOM poles_of_its and_DOM the_atonement_cover.   (EXO_39:35)

OET-RV: 35 the box for the transcript slabs and its poles, the atonement platform, (EXO 39:35)

EXO 40:5 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 40:5 word 8

OET-LV: 5 And_you(ms)_will_give DOM the_altar_of the_gold for_incense to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before the_box_of the_transcript and_you_will_put DOM the_screen_of the_entrance of_tabernacle.   (EXO_40:5)

OET-RV: 5 and put the gold incense altar in front of the sacred box and set up the entrance curtain for the tent. (EXO 40:5)

EXO 40:20 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB EXO 40:20 word 4

OET-LV: 20 and_he/it_took and_he/it_gave DOM the_transcript into the_box and_he/it_assigned DOM the_poles on the_box and_he/it_gave DOM the_atonement_cover on the_box from_to_above.   (EXO_40:20)

OET-RV: 20 Then he took the two stone slabs with the transcript and put them into the box. He put the poles into the rings on the box and fitted the atonement platform on the top of the box as a lid, (EXO 40:20)

LEV 24:3 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB LEV 24:3 word 3

OET-LV: 3 From_the_outside of_the_curtain_of of_the_transcript in_the_tent_of meeting ʼAhₐron he_will_arrange DOM_him/it from_evening until morning to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH continually a_regulation_of perpetuity to_your(pl)_of_generations.   (LEV_24:3)

OET-RV: 3 ◙ (LEV 24:3)

NUM 1:50 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB NUM 1:50 word 7

OET-LV: 50 And_you(ms) appoint DOM the_Lēviyyiy over the_tabernacle_of the_transcript and_over all_of articles_of_its and_over all_of that to_him/it they they_will_carry DOM the_tabernacle and_DOM all_of articles_of_its and_they they_will_serve_it and_around (to)_tabernacle they_will_encamp.   (NUM_1:50)

OET-RV: 50 Instead, appoint them to manage the tent where the copy of the agreement is kept, along with all its equipment. They must serve inside it as required, and they should set their tents up around it. (NUM 1:50)

NUM 1:53 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB NUM 1:53 word 5

OET-LV: 53 And_the_Lēviyyiy they_will_encamp around (to)_the_tabernacle_of the_transcript and_not severe_anger it_will_be towards the_congregation_of the_people_of Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) and_they_will_keep the_Lēviyyiy DOM the_duty_of the_tabernacle_of the_transcript.   (NUM_1:53)

OET-RV: 53 but the Levites will camp there around the sacred tent and look after it. That way, the Israeli community won’t make Yahweh angry. (NUM 1:53)

NUM 4:5 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB NUM 4:5 word 14

OET-LV: 5 And_ ʼAhₐron _he_will_go and_his_of_sons when_sets_out the_camp and_they_will_take_down DOM the_curtain_of the_screen and_they_will_cover with_it DOM the_box_of the_transcript.   (NUM_4:5)

OET-RV: 5 When it’s time to break camp, Aharon and his sons must enter and take down the curtain that veils it, and then use that to cover the box containing the agreement. (NUM 4:5)

NUM 7:89 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB NUM 7:89 word 18

OET-LV: 89 And_when_went Mosheh into the_tent_of meeting to_speak with_him/it and_he/it_listened DOM the_voice speaking to_him/it from_under the_atonement_cover which was_on the_box_of the_transcript from_between the_two_of the_cherubims and_he/it_spoke to_him/it.   (NUM_7:89)

OET-RV: 89 Then Mosheh entered the sacred tent to speak with Yahweh. He heard the voice speaking to him from between the two images of winged-creatures that were on the platform above the sacred box. That’s how Yahweh spoke to him. (NUM 7:89)

NUM 9:15 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB NUM 9:15 word 10

OET-LV: 15 and_on_the_day_of set_up DOM the_tabernacle it_covered the_cloud DOM the_tabernacle of_the_tent_of of_the_transcript and_in_evening it_was over the_tabernacle like_the_appearance_of fire until morning.   (NUM_9:15)

OET-RV: 15 When the sacred tent was dedicated, the cloud covered the inner room of the tent, and every evening it would look like fire above the residence, until morning came. (NUM 9:15)

NUM 10:11 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB NUM 10:11 word 12

OET-LV: 11 and_he/it_was in_year the_second(fs) in_month the_second on_day_twenty in_month it_was_taken_up the_cloud from_under the_tabernacle_of the_transcript.   (NUM_10:11)

OET-RV: 11 Then on the 20th of the second month in that second year (after leaving Egypt), the cloud was lifted up from above the sacred tent (NUM 10:11)

NUM 17:22 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB NUM 17:22 word 8

OET-LV: 22  and_ Mosheh _he_deposited DOM the_rods to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before YHWH in_the_tent_of the_transcript.   (NUM_17:22)

NUM 18:2 הָעֵדֻת (hāˊēdut)  Lemmas=‘הַ’, ‘עֵדוּת’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘of, the_testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘the, testimony’ OSHB NUM 18:2 word 18

OET-LV: 2 And_also DOM brothers_of_your the_tribe_of Lēvī the_tribe_of I_will_show_you(ms) bring_near with_you so_that_they_may_join_themselves to_you and_so_that_they_may_serve_you and_you(ms) and_your(pl)_of_sons with_you to_(the)_face_of/in_front_of/before the_tent_of the_transcript.   (NUM_18:2)

OET-RV: 2 Bring your Levite brothers (your father’s tribe) to work closely with you and to assist you as you and your sons perform your duties at the sacred tent. (NUM 18:2)

DEU 5:20 עֵד (ˊēd)  Lemma=‘עֵד’ contextual word gloss=‘testimony_of’ word gloss=‘witness_of’ OSHB DEU 5:20 word 4

OET-LV: 20 and_not you_must_testify against_your_of_neighbour transcript_of worthlessness.   (DEU_5:20)

OET-RV:  •  20 Don’t tell lies in court about anyone. (DEU 5:20)

PSA 19:8 עֵדוּת (ˊēdūt)  Lemma=‘עֵדוּת’ contextual word gloss=‘the_testimony_of’ word gloss=‘transcript_of’ OSHB PSA 19:8 word 6

OET-LV: 8  the_instruction_of YHWH is_perfect restoring_of (of)_life the_transcript_of YHWH is_reliable making_wise_of (of)_a_simple_person.   (PSA_19:8)

OET-RV: 8 Yahweh’s instructions are right, bringing inner fulfillment.
 ⇔ ≈ Yahweh’s commands are pure, bringing light to the eyes. (PSA 19:8)

PSA 78:5 עֵדוּת (ˊēdūt)  Lemma=‘עֵדוּת’ contextual word gloss=‘a_testimony’ word gloss=‘transcript’ OSHB PSA 78:5 word 2

OET-LV: 5 And_he_established a_transcript in_Yaˊₐqoⱱ/(Jacob) and_a_law he_appointed in_Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) which he_commanded DOM ancestors_of_our to_make_them_known to_their_of_children.   (PSA_78:5)

OET-RV: 5 Also he established a rule in Yakov
 ⇔ ≈ and appointed a law in Yisrael.
 ⇔ He commanded our ancestors
 ⇔ → that they were to teach them to their children. (PSA 78:5)

PSA 81:6 עֵדוּת (ˊēdūt)  Lemma=‘עֵדוּת’ contextual word gloss=‘a_testimony’ word gloss=‘decree’ OSHB PSA 81:6 word 1

OET-LV: 6  a_transcript in_Yōşēf/(Joseph) he_established_it in_his/its_coming_out on the_land_of Miʦrayim/(Egypt) a_language_of (of)_which_not I_knew I_heard.   (PSA_81:6)

OET-RV: 6 “I removed the burden from his shoulder.
 ⇔ His hands were freed from having to hold the basket. (PSA 81:6)

PSA 119:88 עֵדוּת (ˊēdūt)  Lemma=‘עֵדוּת’ contextual word gloss=‘the_testimony_of’ word gloss=‘transcript_of’ OSHB PSA 119:88 word 4

OET-LV: 88 according_to_of_your_covenant_loyalty preserve_me_alive and_I_will_keep the_transcript_of your_mouth_of_of.   (PSA_119:88)

OET-RV: 88 It’s your loyal commitment that keeps me alive,
 ⇔ so that I can obey what you’ve revealed. (PSA 119:88)

PSA 122:4 עֵדוּת (ˊēdūt)  Lemma=‘עֵדוּת’ contextual word gloss=‘a_testimony’ word gloss=‘ordinance’ OSHB PSA 122:4 word 6

OET-LV: 4 Where_there they_went_up tribes the_tribes_of Yah a_transcript to_Yisrā^ʼēl/(Israel) to_give_thanks to_the_name_of YHWH.   (PSA_122:4)

OET-RV: 4 which is where Yahweh’s tribes went up to
 ⇔ following what was revealed to Yisrael to give thanks to Yahweh, (PSA 122:4)

ISA 8:16 תְּעוּדָה (təˊūdāh)  Lemma=‘תְּעוּדָה’ contextual word gloss=‘[the]_testimony’ word gloss=‘transcript’ OSHB ISA 8:16 word 2

OET-LV: 16 bind_up the_transcript seal_up the_instruction among_my_of_apprentices/followers.   (ISA_8:16)

OET-RV: 16 Tie up this report and seal up these instructions for my apprentices. (ISA 8:16)

ISA 8:20 וְלִתְעוּדָה (vəlitˊūdāh)  Lemmas=‘וְ’, ‘לְ’, ‘תְּעוּדָה’ contextual morpheme glosses=‘and, to_[the], testimony’ morpheme glosses=‘and, to, testimony’ OSHB ISA 8:20 word 2

OET-LV: 20 To_the_instruction and_to_the_transcript if not they_will_speak according_the_manner the_this that there_is_not to_him/it dawn.   (ISA_8:20)

OET-RV: 20 Shouldn’t it be the written instructions that they talk about? If they’re not following this message, dawn will never arrive for them, (ISA 8:20)