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15 This was the land that was assigned to Yehudah’s descendants according to their clans:
It went from the Zin wilderness in the south to the border with Edom, 2 and their southern border was the south-facing bay at the end of the Dead Sea (also called the Salt Sea). 3 From there it went south of the Scorpion Pass, across to Zin, climbed up to Kadesh-Barnea, crossed to Hezron, went to Addar, and around to Karka. 4 Then it crosses to Azmon and out to the Egyptian riverbed and finishes at the Mediterranean sea. That will be their southern border.
5 The eastern border was the Dead Sea as far as the end of the Yordan.
The northern border starts at the top of the Dead Sea where the Yordan river enters it 6 then to Beyt-Hoglah and further north to Beyt-Arabah to the Stone of Bohan (Reuben’s son). 7 Then the border went to Debir from the Akor Valley, and to the north, turning to the Gilgal, which is in front of the Adummim pass which is from the south of the riverbed, then the border passed over to the waters of Eyn-Shemesh and its ends at Eyn-Rogel. 8 From there the border went up the valley of Ben Hinnom to the edge of the Yebusite region from the south (that is Yerushalem). Then the border went to the head of the hill opposite the Hinnom valley to the west, which is at the end of the valley of the Refa’ites to the north. 9 From there the border turned from the head of the hill to the Neftoah spring and went out to the cities of Mt. Efron, then the border turned to Ba’alah (now called Kiriat-Yearim). 10 Then the border went around from Ba’alah to the west to Mt. Seir, and passed over to the shoulder of Mt. Yearim from the north (also called Kesalon), and went down to Beyt-Shemesh, and passed over to Timnah. 11 From there the border went out to the shoulder of Ekron to the north, then turned toward Shikkeron and passed over to Mt. Baalah, and went out to Yabneel, then the border ended at the sea. 12 The western border was the Mediterranean Sea. Those were the borders of the land given to Yehudah’s descendants to be allocated to their clans.
13 Yahweh had instructed Yehoshua to give this block of land to Caleb (Yefunneh’s son): Kiriat-Arba (now called Hebron—Arba was Anak’s father).[ref] 14 Caleb captured the land from Anak’s three sons—Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, 15 then from there, he battled against Debir (formerly called Kiriat-Sefer) 16 and he said, “I’ll give my daughter Aksah to marry to the man who attacks Kiriat-Sefer and captures it.” 17 Then Othniel (Kenaz’s son and Caleb’s brother) captured the city, so Caleb gave his daughter Aksah to him for a wife. 18 Then when she married him, she encouraged him to ask her father for a field, so she got down off her donkey and Caleb asked, “What are you up to?” 19 “Give me a blessing,” she answered, “because you’ve given me land in the Negev desert region, so now give me some springs as well for water.” So he gave her both the upper and the lower springs.
20 This is Yehudah’s inheritance according to their clans: 21 The cities at the edge of Yehudah’s block toward the border with Edom in Negev were Kabzeel, Eder, Yagur, 22 Kinah, Dimonah, Adadah, 23 Kedesh, Hatsor, Ithnan, 24 Zif, Telem, Bealot, 25 Hatsor-Hadattah, Keriot-Hezron (also called Hatsor), 26 Amam, Shema, Molodah, 27 Hazar-Gaddah, Heshmon, Beyt-Pelet, 28 Hazar-Shual, Be’er-Sheva, and Biziothiah, 29 Baalah, Iyim, Etsem, 30 Eltolad, Kesil, Hormah, 31 Ziklag, Madmannah, Sansannah, 32 Lebaot, Shilhim, Ain, and Rimmon—a total of twenty-nine cities as well as their villages.
33 Then down in the lowlands were Eshtaol, Zorah, Ashnah, 34 Zanoah, Eyn-Gannim, Tappuah, Enam, 35 Yarmut, Adullam, Sokoh, Azekah, 36 Shaaraim, Adithaim, and Gederah (also called Gederothaim)—a total of fourteen cities as well as their surrounding villages.
37 Also Zenan, Hadashah, Migdal-Gad, 38 Dilean, Mizpah, Yoktheel, 39 Lachish, Bozkat, Eglon, 40 Kabbon, Lahmas, Kitlish, 41 Gederot, Beyt-Dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah—sixteen cities as well as their villages.
42 Also Libnah, Ether, Ashan, 43 Yiftah, Ashnah, Nezib, 44 Keilah, Akzib, and Maresha—nine cities as well as their villages.
45 Also Ekron with its towns and villages 46 from Ekron to the Mediterranean—those near Ashdod and their villages.
47 Also Ashdod and its towns and its villages, Gaza and its towns and its villages, as far as the riverbed of Egypt and the Mediterranean sea and the border.
48 Also in the hill country: Shamir, Yattir, Socoh, 49 Dannah, Kiriat-Sannah (also called Debir), 50 Anab, Eshtemoh, Anim, 51 Goshen, Holon, and Giloh—eleven cities as well as their villages.
52 Also Arab, Dumah, Eshan, 53 Yanim, Beyt-Tappuah, Afekah, 54 Humtah, and Kiriat-Arba (also called Hebron) and Zior—nine cities as well as their villages.
55 Also Maon, Karmel, Zif, Yuttah, 56 Yezreel, Yokdeam, Zanoah, 57 Kayin, Gibeah, and Timnah—ten cities as well as their villages.
58 Also Halhul, Beyt-Zur, Gedor, 59 Maarat, Beyt-Anot, and Eltekon—six cities as well as their villages.
60 Also Kiriat-Baal (also called Kiriat-Yearim) and Rabbah—two cities as well as their villages.
61 In the wilderness, Beyt-Arabah, Middin, Secacah, 62 Nibshan, the City of Salt, and Eyn-Gedi—six cities as well as their villages.
63 But Yehudah’s descendants weren’t able to defeat the Yebusites who lived in Yerushalem, so they have lived among the tribe of Yehudah to this day.[ref]
15:4 OSHB variant note: ו/היה: (x-qere) ’וְ/הָי֛וּ’: lemma_c/1961 n_1.0.0 morph_HC/Vqp3cp id_06ASQ וְ/הָי֛וּ
15:47 OSHB variant note: ה/גבול: (x-qere) ’הַ/גָּד֖וֹל’: lemma_d/1419 a n_0.0 morph_HTd/Aamsa id_06S8w הַ/גָּד֖וֹל
15:53 OSHB variant note: ו/ינים: (x-qere) ’וְ/יָנ֥וּם’: lemma_c/3241 morph_HC/Np id_06MUh וְ/יָנ֥וּם
15:63 OSHB variant note: יוכלו: (x-qere) ’יָכְל֥וּ’: lemma_3201 morph_HVqp3cp id_06Enx יָכְל֥וּ
Joshua 15:13-19; Judges 1:11-15; 3:8-11
Though Scripture affords Othniel son of Kenaz a mere six verses to detail his accomplishments, the significance of what he accomplished should not be underestimated. Othniel is first mentioned during the initial conquest of the land, and it is noted that he was the son of Kenaz, the younger brother of Joshua. As the Israelites were seeking to capture Kiriath-sepher (later renamed Debir), Caleb offered the reward of his daughter Achsah (Othniel’s cousin) as a wife for whoever could take the town. Othniel took the town and received Achsah as his wife, and Caleb also granted him the nearby springs. After this, the writer of Judges recounts how the Israelites lived among the pagan inhabitants of the land, intermarried with them, and worshiped their gods. Therefore the Lord became angry with them, and he allowed them to be dominated by King Cushan-rishathaim of Aram-naharaim, who ruled over most of northwest Mesopotamia. This was the same land where Abraham lived before journeying on to Canaan (Genesis 11:27-31; also see “The World of the Patriarchs” map), the homeland of Isaac’s wife Rebekah (Genesis 24:10), the land to which Jacob fled to escape the wrath of his twin brother Esau (Genesis 28; also see “Jacob Goes to Paddan-Aram” map), and the homeland of Balaam son of Beor (Numbers 22:4-5; also see “Balaam Blesses Israel” map). As the first judge of Israel, Othniel led Israel from about 1374-1334 B.C., so it is likely that the kingdom of Cushan-rishathaim was the Mitanni kingdom, which ruled Aram-naharaim from about 1600-1260 B.C. If this is true, it is likely that Cushan-rishathaim was Eriba-Adad I, who ruled Mitanni from about 1390–1366 B.C. The name Cushan-rishathaim, meaning “Cush of the two wickednesses,” may have been an intentional corruption in Hebrew of an otherwise unknown name of Eriba-Adad I. By Othniel’s time, the Mitanni kingdom was beginning a period of decline, so their oppression of the newly established Israelite tribes may have been an attempt to reestablish their dominance throughout the region. Scripture succinctly notes that “the spirit of the Lord came upon [Othniel],” and he waged war against Cushan-rishathaim and defeated him, and the land of Israel had rest for forty years (Judges 3:10-11). Othniel’s bravery during this early period of Israel’s settlement in Canaan ultimately led the nation to victory and survival during a very vulnerable period of their history. And although the Mitanni kingdom continued to rule Aram-naharaim for another century, Othniel’s actions undoubtedly contributed to its continued decline and eventual collapse.
After the Israelites had conquered portions of the Promised Land and Joshua had grown old, the Lord directed him to divide the rest of the land among the tribes of Israel as their inheritance (Joshua 13-20). The eastern tribes had already been allotted their land under Moses’ leadership (Numbers 32), but they continued to help the other tribes drive out the Canaanites from land west of the Jordan River. The Lord also instructed the Israelites to designate several cities of refuge, where someone could flee for protection from an avenger if they accidentally killed someone (Numbers 35; Joshua 20).
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