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JDG Intro C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21
1 After Yehoshua’s death, the Israelis asked Yahweh, “Which tribe should go first to attack the Canaanites?” 2 “Yehudah will go first,” Yahweh answered. “Listen, I’ve already determined that they’ll conquer the land.”
3 Then the Yehudah leaders said to the tribe of Simeon, “Come with us into the region that we’ve been allocated and we can fight together against the Canaanites. Then we’ll do the same in your area.” So the warriors from the two tribes worked together. 4 When they attacked, Yahweh gave them victory over the Canaanites and the Perizzites and they killed ten thousand men at Bezek. 5 They confronted Adoni-Bezek in Bezek and fought against him (then eventually defeating the Canaanites and the Perizzites). 6 Adoni-Bezek tried to flee but they chased him and captured him, cutting off his thumbs and big toes. 7 “Seventy kings had their thumbs and big toes chopped off,” Adoni-Bezek said, “and were gathering scraps of food beneath my table. Just as I have done, so God has repaid to me.” Then they took him to Yerushalem and he died there.
8 The warriors from Yehudah attacked Yerushalem and captured the city, killing the inhabitants and setting the city on fire. 9 Then they fought against the Canaanites who lived in the hill country, in the southern wilderness, and in the western foothills. 10 They also fought the Canaanites in Kiriath-Arba (now known as Hebron) and killed Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.
11 From there they fought against Kiriath-Sepher (now known as Debir). 12 Caleb had said, “Whoever attacks Kiriath-Sepher and captures it can marry my daughter Aksah.” 13 Otniel (son of Caleb’s younger brother Kenaz) captured it so Caleb gave his daughter Aksah to him to become his wife. 14 After the wedding, she urged Otniel to ask her father for a field. When she got off her donkey, Caleb asked her, “What can I do for you?” 15 “Give me a blessing,” she requested. “Although you’ve given me land in the southern wilderness, give me some springs of water as well.” So Caleb gave her the upper springs and the lower springs.
16 The Kenites (descendants of Mosheh’s father-in-law), left the city of palm trees (Yeriho/Jericho) and went with Yehudah’s descendants to the southern wilderness near Arad and lived with the people there. 17 Then the warriors of Yehudah and Simeon conquered the Canaanites living at Tsefat and destroyed the city. Now it’s called Hormah (which means ‘complete destruction’). 18 They also captured Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron and all their surrounding territories. 19 Yahweh helped Yehudah and they took possession of the hill country, although they weren’t able to conquer the people living down in the plains because they had iron on their chariots. 20 They gave Hebron to Caleb just as Mosheh had directed, and he dispossessed the three sons of the Anak from there.[ref] 21 However Benyamin’s descendants didn’t drive the Yebusites living in Yerushalem out, so they have lived among the Benyamites in Yerushalem to this day.[ref]
22 Also Yosef’s descendants attacked Beyt-El, and Yahweh helped them. 23 They sent spies out to Beyt-El (previously called Luz) 24 and they saw a man coming out of the city and told him, “Please show us an entrance into the city, and we’ll be kind to you.” 25 So he showed them an entrance, and their warriors attacked and killed the inhabitants, but they let the man and his family go free. 26 The man went to the land of the Hittites and founded a city and called it Luz (which it’s still called to this day).
27 However Menashsheh’s descendants didn’t drive out those living in Beyt-Shan, Taanak, Dor, Yibleam, or Meggidon, because the Canaanites were determined to keep living there.[ref] 28 (Later, the Israelis became stronger and they forced the Canaanites to work for them as their slaves, but they didn’t drive them out.) 29 Nor did Efrayim’s descendants drive the Canaanites out of Gezer, so they continued to live among them.[ref]
30 Zebulun’s descendants didn’t drive the Canaanites out of Kitron or Nahalol, so they continued to live among them and were forced to work as slaves.
31 Asher’s descendants didn’t drive out those who were living in Akko, Tsidon, Ahlab, Aczib, Helbah, Afek, or Rehob, 32 So the Asherites lived with the Canaanites who still lived in the region because they didn’t drive them out.
33 Naftali’s descendants didn’t drive out those who were living in Beyt-Shemesh or Beyt-Anat, so they continued to live among them and were forced to work as slaves.
34 The Amorites forced Dan’s descendants to live in the hill country, because they didn’t allow them to come down to the plains. 35 The Amorites were determined to live at Mt. Heres, in Ayyalon and Shaalbim (but when Yosef’s descendants became stronger, they forced the Amorites to work as slaves). 36 The Amorites border went from the Scorpion Pass through Sela and upward from there.
Joshua 15:13-19; Judges 1:11-15; 3:8-11
Though Scripture affords Othniel son of Kenaz a mere six verses to detail his accomplishments, the significance of what he accomplished should not be underestimated. Othniel is first mentioned during the initial conquest of the land, and it is noted that he was the son of Kenaz, the younger brother of Joshua. As the Israelites were seeking to capture Kiriath-sepher (later renamed Debir), Caleb offered the reward of his daughter Achsah (Othniel’s cousin) as a wife for whoever could take the town. Othniel took the town and received Achsah as his wife, and Caleb also granted him the nearby springs. After this, the writer of Judges recounts how the Israelites lived among the pagan inhabitants of the land, intermarried with them, and worshiped their gods. Therefore the Lord became angry with them, and he allowed them to be dominated by King Cushan-rishathaim of Aram-naharaim, who ruled over most of northwest Mesopotamia. This was the same land where Abraham lived before journeying on to Canaan (Genesis 11:27-31; also see “The World of the Patriarchs” map), the homeland of Isaac’s wife Rebekah (Genesis 24:10), the land to which Jacob fled to escape the wrath of his twin brother Esau (Genesis 28; also see “Jacob Goes to Paddan-Aram” map), and the homeland of Balaam son of Beor (Numbers 22:4-5; also see “Balaam Blesses Israel” map). As the first judge of Israel, Othniel led Israel from about 1374-1334 B.C., so it is likely that the kingdom of Cushan-rishathaim was the Mitanni kingdom, which ruled Aram-naharaim from about 1600-1260 B.C. If this is true, it is likely that Cushan-rishathaim was Eriba-Adad I, who ruled Mitanni from about 1390–1366 B.C. The name Cushan-rishathaim, meaning “Cush of the two wickednesses,” may have been an intentional corruption in Hebrew of an otherwise unknown name of Eriba-Adad I. By Othniel’s time, the Mitanni kingdom was beginning a period of decline, so their oppression of the newly established Israelite tribes may have been an attempt to reestablish their dominance throughout the region. Scripture succinctly notes that “the spirit of the Lord came upon [Othniel],” and he waged war against Cushan-rishathaim and defeated him, and the land of Israel had rest for forty years (Judges 3:10-11). Othniel’s bravery during this early period of Israel’s settlement in Canaan ultimately led the nation to victory and survival during a very vulnerable period of their history. And although the Mitanni kingdom continued to rule Aram-naharaim for another century, Othniel’s actions undoubtedly contributed to its continued decline and eventual collapse.
JDG Intro C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21