YUD 1:13 Parallel Verse View

Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible—click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed as a tool for doing comparisons of different translations—the older translations are further down the page (so you can read up from the bottom to trace the English translation history). The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible—please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.

Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance to us=normal (All still tentative.)

OET (OET-RV) like wild waves in the ocean that foam in their own shame or like unreliable wandering stars that are already doomed to the darkest darkness in the next age.

Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, cyan:dative/indirect object.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).

ULT wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shameful deeds; wandering stars, for whom the gloom of darkness has been kept to eternity.

UST They are uncontrollable, like the sea’s thrashing waves. They display their disgraceful acts just like the waves bring up foam. They are like stars that do not stay where they should in the sky. God is reserving the dark gloom of hell for them forever.

BSB [They are] wild waves of [the] sea, foaming up their [own] shame; wandering stars, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever.

BLB wild waves of the sea, foaming out of their own shame; wandering stars, to whom the gloom of darkness has been reserved to the age.

AICNT wild waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the gloom of darkness has been reserved forever.

OEB they are wild sea waves, foaming with their own shame; they are “wandering stars,” for which the blackest darkness has been reserved for ever.

WEBBE wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever.

WMBB (Same as above)

NET wild sea waves, spewing out the foam of their shame; wayward stars for whom the utter depths of eternal darkness have been reserved.

LSV wild waves of a sea, foaming up their own shameful [deeds]; stars going astray, for whom the gloom of the darkness throughout the age has been kept.

FBV They're violent ocean waves, foaming in their own disgrace. They're false stars, doomed forever to utter darkness.

TCNT They are wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shameful deeds; wayward stars, for whom the thick gloom of darkness has been reserved forever.

T4T They are restless [MET], like the pounding waves of the ocean. Just like waves produce foul-smelling foam on the shore, those teachers of false doctrine do shameful [MTY] deeds. We cannot depend/rely on them to show us how to conduct our lives [MET], just like we cannot depend/rely on ◄meteors/falling stars► to show us the way when we travel. God has reserved intense darkness for them forever in hell.

LEB No LEB YUD (JUD) 1:13 verse available

BBE Violent waves of the sea, streaming with their shame, wandering stars for whom the darkest night is kept in store for ever.

Moff wild waves foaming out their own shame, wandering stars for whom the nether gloom of darkness has been reserved eternally.

Wymth wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom is reserved dense darkness of age-long duration.

ASV wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness hath been reserved for ever.

DRA Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own confusion; wandering stars, to whom the storm of darkness is reserved for ever.

YLT wild waves of a sea, foaming out their own shames; stars going astray, to whom the gloom of the darkness to the age hath been kept.

Drby raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shames; wandering stars, to whom has been reserved the gloom of darkness for eternity.

RV Wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness hath been reserved for ever.
(Wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness hath/has been reserved forever. )

SLT Fierce waves of the sea, foaming out their own shames; wandering stars, to whom the obscurity of darkness has been kept forever.

Wbstr Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.

KJB-1769 Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.
(Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever. )

KJB-1611 Raging waues of the sea, foming out their owne shame, wandring stars, to whom is reserued the blacknesse of darkenesse for euer.
(Raging waves of the sea, foming out their own shame, wandring stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever.)

Bshps They are the ragyng waues of the sea, fomyng out their owne shame: They are wandryng starres, to whom is reserued the mist of darknes for euer.
(They are the raging waves of the sea, foming out their own shame: They are wandring stars, to whom is reserved the mist of darkness forever.)

Gnva They are the raging waues of the sea, foming out their owne shame: they are wandring starres, to whome is reserued the blackenesse of darkenesse for euer.
(They are the raging waves of the sea, foming out their own shame: they are wandring stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever. )

Cvdl They are the ragynge waues of the see, fominge out their awne shame. They are wandrynge starres, to who is reserued the myst of darcknes for euer.
(They are the raging waves of the sea, fominge out their own shame. They are wandering stars, to who is reserved the myst of darkness forever.)

TNT They are the ragynge waves of the see fominge out their awne shame. They are wandrynge starres to whom is reserved the myst of darcknes for ever.
(They are the raging waves of the sea fominge out their own shame. They are wandering stars to whom is reserved the myst of darkness forever. )

Wycl wawis of the woode see, fomynge out her confusiouns; errynge sterris, to whiche the tempest of derknessis is kept with outen ende.
(waves of the woode see, foming out her confusions; erring stars, to which the tempest of darkness is kept without end.)

Luth wilde Wellen des Meeres, die ihre eigene Schande ausschäumen, irrige Sterne, welchen behalten ist das Dunkel der Finsternis in Ewigkeit.
(wilde waves the sea, the their/her own shame/dishonour ausschäumen, erroneouse Sterne, which_(ones) keep is the darkness the/of_the darkness in eternity.)

ClVg fluctus feri maris, despumantes suas confusiones, sidera errantia: quibus procella tenebrarum servata est in æternum.[fn]
(wave wild of_the_sea, despumantes their_own confusions, stars they_are_wanderingia: to_whom storm of_darkness saved it_is in/into/on eternal. )

1.13 Sidera. In hoc apostatas significat, quia in similitudinem diaboli, de sedibus angelorum ceciderunt, quibus propter apostasiam tenebræ reservantur. Sidera. Lucem veritatis promittunt in hoc mari vitiorum, sed nunquam in eodem statu docendi vel vitæ perdurant, et aliis causa naufragii sunt, et ipsis pro tenebris quas in Ecclesia Dei inducebant, tenebræ inferni parantur, et qui pacem fidei mundana tempestate turbabant, procella tormentorum percellentur.

1.13 Sidera. In this apostatas means, because in/into/on similarity devils, from/about seats of_messengers/angels they_fell, to_whom because apostasiam darkness reservantur. Sidera. Lucem to_the_truths they_promise in/into/on this of_the_sea of_vices, but never/certainly_not in/into/on the_same state to_teach or of_life perdurant, and to_others cause naufragii are, and themselves for darkness which in/into/on Assembly/Church of_God inducebant, darkness hell parantur, and who/which peace of_faith cleanna in_the_storm crowdbant, storm tormentorum percellentur.

UGNT κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας, ἀστέρες πλανῆται, οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται.
(kumata agria thalassaʸs epafrizonta tas heautōn aisⱪunas, asteres planaʸtai, hois ho zofos tou skotous eis aiōna tetaʸraʸtai.)

SBL-GNT κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας, ἀστέρες πλανῆται οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται.
(kumata agria thalassaʸs epafrizonta tas heautōn aisⱪunas, asteres planaʸtai hois ho zofos tou skotous eis aiōna tetaʸraʸtai.)

RP-GNT κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης, ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας· ἀστέρες πλανῆται, οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται.
(kumata agria thalassaʸs, epafrizonta tas heautōn aisⱪunas; asteres planaʸtai, hois ho zofos tou skotous eis aiōna tetaʸraʸtai.)

TC-GNT κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης, ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας· ἀστέρες πλανῆται, οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς [fn]αἰῶνα τετήρηται.
(kumata agria thalassaʸs, epafrizonta tas heautōn aisⱪunas; asteres planaʸtai, hois ho zofos tou skotous eis aiōna tetaʸraʸtai. )

1:13 αιωνα [54.6%] ¦ τον αιωνα ANT TR [37%] ¦ αιωνας MSS [7.9%]

Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs (from our SR-GNT base).

SOTN SIL Open Translator’s Notes:

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

In this section, Jude described the sins of the fake Christians in more detail. He also foretold that the Lord would punish them. He used a special Jewish styleAs mentioned in the Outline, this style was called “midrash.” Jewish rabbis sometimes used this text-application style of presentation. in these verses. He referred to different examples, often taken from the Bible. Then he applied these examples to the situation about which he was writing.

Jude organized this part of his letter as follows:

Example	Application
verses 5–7	verse 8Verse 8 is the application for the examples in 5–7 and could end that paragraph. Verse 8 also introduces 9–10 and could begin that paragraph. These Notes show the paragraph division between verse 7 and verse 8, as does almost every English version.
verse 9	verse 10
verse 11	verses 12–13
verses 14–15	verse 16
verses 17–18	verse 19

The main purpose of the section was to show that the Lord would certainly punish these fake Christians. Jude compared them with well-known individuals and groups mentioned in the Old Testament and in other Jewish writings. He also used things found in nature to describe their sinful ways. Through these examples, he explained that these fake Christians deserved the punishment which they would receive.

Paragraph 11–13

In this paragraph, Jude compared the fake Christians to three men from the Old Testament (verse 11). These three men were Cain, Balaam, and Korah. They were famous because they had sinned greatly. Jude used these three men to show that the Lord would condemn the fake Christians, because they had sinned like these three men had sinned. Jude also illustrated the wickedness of the fake Christians by comparing them to objects from nature (verses 12–13).

13

In 12d–e, Jude described these fake Christians as useless. Here in verse 13, he used illustrations to show that they were worse than just useless, they were harmful.

13a

They are wild waves of the sea,

They are like rough/wild ocean waves
These people are out of control. Like foaming ocean waves,
Like rough/wild waves of the sea

wild waves of the sea: Jude further described the fake Christians with the metaphor of wild waves in the sea. Like wild waves, they lived in an uncontrolled manner. They acted without concern for what is right.

In some languages this metaphor may not express the meaning clearly. If that is true in your language, here are other options:

Use a simile. For example:
They are like wild waves of the sea. (NLT)
Make explicit the similarity between the wild waves and these people.Some other ways to state how the fake Christians are similar to wild waves are:They act/behave wildly.-or-They are out of control. For example:
They are without control, like wild waves of the sea.

13b

foaming up their own shame;

that throw out foam; they foam with shameful actions.
they wildly spew out disgraceful deeds.
produce dirty foam, these people produce/do shameful things.

foaming up their own shame: Here Jude continued the metaphor that he used in 13a. Just as waves of the sea produce dirty foam, so these fake ChristiansJude may have had either of two pictures in his mind.(1) The foam produced by the waves remained on the surface of the sea.(2) The waves deposited the dirty foam on the beach.Either of these options may be correct. However, it is recommended that you follow the example of the English versions and not mention a “beach” or “the shore.” produce shameful actions.

If this metaphor is not clear, you may translate it as a simile. For example:

and like such waves produce dirty foam, what they do/produce is shameful.

General Comment on 13a–b

The metaphor that Jude used here is similar to the one in Isaiah 57:20: “the tossing sea…whose waves cast up mire and mud.”

If the sea and waves are unfamiliar to your readers, you may be able to state the meaning plainly, without the figure of “wild foaming waves.” For example:

^13aThey are wild, not caring about what is right. ^13bTheir actions are disgusting!

^13aTheir uncontrolled actions ^13bare shameful.

13c

wandering stars,

They are like certain stars that wander about in the sky.
They are unfit guides, like some stars which do not travel a regular/predictable course/path.
They are like certain stars that are useless to navigate by at night, because they move unpredictably. You^(plur) should not follow these people.

wandering stars: In past times, many people used the stars to determine their direction at night.It is likely that the wandering stars that Jude used in this metaphor were the planets. Compared to other stars, the planets seemed to wander across the sky, and so they were unreliable guides for navigation. If Jude’s readers understood the wandering stars to be the planets, they might also have seen a comparison to the Roman and Greek gods who shared names with the planets. Whole societies had been misled by believing in these false gods. They could do this because stars moved in a way that they could predict. The Greek expression that the BSB translates as wandering stars refers to other lights in the sky. Some scholars believe that this refers to the planets. Compared to the stars, these lights seemed to wander across the sky. This made them useless for indicating direction.

The fake Christians misled people. Like the wandering stars, they were not reliable as guides, and people should not follow (imitate) them.

If this metaphor is not clear, you may use a simile. You may also make explicit the similarity between the wandering stars and the fake Christians. For example:

They are unfit guides, like stars that wander unpredictably in the sky.

13d

for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever.

A place of deep darkness is waiting/reserved for them, where they must stay forever.
The Lord is keeping a place for them that is completely dark where they must stay forever.
The Lord intends to confine them in the complete darkness of hell for eternity.

In this part of the verse Jude indicated that the Lord was keeping a place of eternal darkness for the fake Christians. They would be sent there because they did not really believe in Jesus, and when they joined the church, they planned to do evil. This eternal darkness is one description of the place of eternal punishment, which other biblical writers have called “hell.”

for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever: Here Jude used irony to emphasize the punishment of the fake Christians. In 13c, he used the metaphor of “wandering stars.” The irony is that though Jude described the fake Christians as lights in the sky, they would have to stay in the blackest darkness forever.

for whom: The Greek pronoun that the BSB translates here as for whom can refer to either the fake Christians or the wandering stars. Either way, Jude was referring to the fake Christians, because the stars were a metaphor that he had used to describe them.

blackest darkness: The Bible sometimes refers to the place of eternal punishment as darkness (for example, Matthew 8:12, 22:13, 25:30). The Greek word that the BSB translates as blackest is the same word that the BSB translates as darkness in 6c. It can also be translated as “gloom.” Other ways to translate this include:

the utter depths of…darkness (NET)

the deepest darkness (NRSV, GNT)

gloomy darkness (GW)

has been reserved: Jude frequently used the Greek verb, tēreō, which the BSB has translated as “kept” or “stay.” He used a form of tēreō in 1f, 6a, 6c, here in 13d (where the BSB uses the verb “reserved”), and “kept” in 21a. Though it was possible for Jude to use one verb in all these places, the meanings translated into natural English require the use of more than one English verb. If it is more natural in your language to use active verbs, you may need to say who it was who reserved the darkness.The NLT makes the verb active without saying who reserved the darkness. The NLT did this by referring to the darkness as the destination that the fake Christians were “heading” for, rather than as something waiting for them. It says: “They are…heading for everlasting gloom and darkness.” For example:

The Lord has reserved a place for them….

forever: The Greek phrase that the BSB translates here as forever can be translated literally as “for eternity.” Jude meant that the fake Christians would have to stay in the darkness forever.

UTN uW Translation Notes:

Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης

waves wild ˱of˲_˓the˒_sea

Jude speaks of the false teachers to describe their unrestrained and untamable behavior. He describes them as wild waves that thrash about in an uncontrollable manner. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this metaphor by translating this plainly or turn the metaphor into a simile. Alternate translation: [they act in an unrestrained manner] or [they are unrestrained like wild waves]

Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας

foaming_out (Some words not found in SR-GNT: κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης ἐπαφρίζοντα τάς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας ἀστέρες πλανῆται οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται)

Jude expands the wave metaphor of the previous phrase, speaking of the shameful deeds of the false teachers. As waves leave dirty foam on the shore that everyone can see, so the false teachers keep on acting shamefully in the sight of others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this metaphor by translating this plainly or turn the metaphor into a simile. Alternate translation: [they make their shameful deeds visible to everyone] or [they show their shameful deeds like waves leave foam]

Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ἀστέρες πλανῆται

stars wandering

The phrase wandering stars describes stars that have wandered away from their normal path of movement. Jude uses this expression to describe the false teachers as people who have stopped doing what pleases the Lord. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this metaphor plainly or with a simile. Alternate translation: [no longer living righteously] or [like stars that wander away from their proper path]

Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / activepassive

οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται

˱to˲_whom the darkness ¬the ˱of˲_darkness to ˓the˒_age ˓has_been˒_kept

If your language does not use the passive form has been kept, you could express this with an active form, and you can state who did the action. Alternate translation: [for whom God has kept the gloom and darkness to eternity]

Note 5 topic: writing-pronouns

οἷς

˱to˲_whom

Here, whom refers to the false teachers that Jude called “wandering stars” in the previous phrase. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly that this refers to the false teachers. Alternate translation: [false teachers for whom]

ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους

the darkness ¬the ˱of˲_darkness

Here, gloom of darkness could mean: (1) the gloom is characterized by darkness. Alternate translation: [the dark gloom] (2) the gloom is identical to the darkness. Alternate translation: [the gloom, which is darkness.]

Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / metaphor

ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους

the darkness ¬the ˱of˲_darkness

Here Jude uses gloom and darkness to refer to hell. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this metaphor directly. Alternate translation: [for whom God has reserved the gloom of darkness of hell]

Parallel YUD 1:13

Section 5–19: Jude gave illustrations to prove that the Lord would punish the fake Christians

Paragraph 11–13

13

13a

13b

General Comment on 13a–b

13c

13d