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parallelVerse INT GEN EXO LEV NUM DEU JOS JDG RUTH 1SA 2SA PSA AMOS HOS 1KI 2KI 1CH 2CH PRO ECC SNG JOEL MIC ISA ZEP HAB JER LAM YNA NAH OBA DAN EZE EZRA EST NEH HAG ZEC MAL JOB YHN MARK MAT LUKE ACTs YAC GAL 1TH 2TH 1COR 2COR ROM COL PHM EPH PHP 1TIM TIT 1PET 2PET 2TIM HEB YUD 1YHN 2YHN 3YHN REV
Gal 1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22 V23 V24
Note: This view shows ‘verses’ which are not natural language units and hence sometimes only part of a sentence will be visible. Normally the OET discourages the reading of individual ‘verses’, but this view is only designed for doing comparisons of different translations. Click on any Bible version abbreviation down the left-hand side to see the verse in more of its context. The OET segments on this page are still very early looks into the unfinished texts of the Open English Translation of the Bible. Please double-check these texts in advance before using in public.
Text critical issues=small word differences Clarity of original=clear Importance=normal (All still tentative.)
OET (OET-RV) This letter is from Paul, a missionary of Yeshua, not chosen by people or any human desire, but chosen directly by Yeshua the messiah and God the father who raised Yeshua from the dead.
OET-LV Paulos, an_ambassador (not from humans, nor through human_origin, but through Yaʸsous/(Yəhōshūˊa) chosen_one/messiah, and god the_father which having_raised him from the_dead),
SR-GNT Παῦλος, ἀπόστολος (οὐκ ἀπʼ ἀνθρώπων, οὐδὲ διʼ ἀνθρώπου, ἀλλὰ διὰ ˚Ἰησοῦ ˚Χριστοῦ, καὶ ˚Θεοῦ Πατρὸς τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν), ‡
(Paulos, apostolos (ouk apʼ anthrōpōn, oude diʼ anthrōpou, alla dia ˚Yaʸsou ˚Ⱪristou, kai ˚Theou Patros tou egeirantos auton ek nekrōn),)
Key: khaki:verbs, light-green:nominative/subject, orange:accusative/object, pink:genitive/possessor, red:negative.
Note: Automatic aligning of the OET-RV to the LV is done by some temporary software, hence the OET-RV alignments are incomplete (and may occasionally be wrong).
ULT Paul, an apostle—not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, the one having raised him from the dead—
UST I, Paul, write this letter to you. I remind you that God sent me to represent him. That is not because a group of people appointed me, nor because a human being sent me to be an apostle. Instead, I am an apostle because Jesus the Messiah and God the Father have appointed and sent me to be an apostle—yes, God the Father, who made the Messiah alive again after he died!
BSB § Paul, an apostle—sent not from men nor by man, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised Him from the dead—
BLB Paul, an apostle--not from men, nor through man, but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, the One having raised Him out from the dead--
AICNT Paul, an apostle not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ[fn] and God the Father who raised him from the dead,
1:1, Christ: The Greek word for Christ means (1) fulfiller of Israelite expectation of a deliverer, the Anointed One, the Messiah, the Christ, (2) the personal name ascribed to Jesus, Christ. (BDAG, Χριστός)
OEB To the churches in Galatia, from Paul, an apostle whose commission is not from any human authority and is given, not by human beings, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead;
WEBBE Paul, an apostle—not from men, nor through man, but through Jesus Christ,[fn] and God the Father, who raised him from the dead—
1:1 “Christ” means “Anointed One”.
WMBB Paul, an emissary—not from men, nor through man, but through Yeshua the Messiah,[fn] and God the Father, who raised him from the dead—
1:1 “Messiah” means “Anointed One”.
NET From Paul, an apostle (not from men, nor by human agency, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead)
LSV Paul, an apostle—not from men, nor through man, but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised Him out of the dead—
FBV This letter comes from Paul, an apostle not appointed by any human organization or human authority.[fn] Quite the contrary: I was appointed by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised Jesus from the dead.
1:1 Literally, “not by men nor through man.”
TCNT Paul, an apostle—appointed not by men nor through man, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead—
T4T I, Paul, write this letter to you. I remind you that I am an apostle. That is not because a group of people appointed me, nor because a human being sent me to be an apostle. Instead, Jesus Christ and God our heavenly Father, who caused Jesus to become alive again after he died, have appointed and sent me to be an apostle.
LEB Paul, an apostle not from men nor by men but through Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead,
BBE Paul, an Apostle (not from men, and not through man, but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who made him come back from the dead),
Moff No Moff GAL book available
Wymth Paul, an Apostle sent not from men nor by any man, but by Jesus Christ and by God the Father, who raised Jesus from among the dead—
ASV Paul, an apostle (not from men, neither through man, but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead),
DRA Paul, an apostle, not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead,
YLT Paul, an apostle — not from men, nor through man, but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who did raise him out of the dead —
Drby Paul, apostle, not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ, and [fn]God [the] Father who raised him from among [the] dead,
1.1 Elohim
RV Paul, an apostle (not from men, neither through man, but through Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead),
Wbstr Paul, an apostle, (not from men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead;)
KJB-1769 Paul, an apostle, (not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead;)
KJB-1611 ¶ Paul an Apostle, not of men, neither by man, but by Iesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him frō the dead,
(¶ Paul an Apostle, not of men, neither by man, but by Yesus/Yeshua Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead,)
Bshps Paul an Apostle, not of men, neither by man: but by Iesus Christe, and by God the father, which raysed hym vp from death:
(Paul an Apostle, not of men, neither by man: but by Yesus/Yeshua Christ, and by God the father, which raised him up from death:)
Gnva Pavl an Apostle (not of men, neither by man, but by Iesus Christ, and God the Father which hath raised him from the dead)
(Paul an Apostle (not of men, neither by man, but by Yesus/Yeshua Christ, and God the Father which hath/has raised him from the dead) )
Cvdl Paul an Apostle (not of men, nor by ma, but by Iesus Christ & by God the father, which raysed him vp fro ye deed)
(Paul an Apostle (not of men, nor by ma, but by Yesus/Yeshua Christ and by God the father, which raised him up from ye/you_all dead))
TNT Paul an Apostle, not of men, nether by man, but by Iesus Christ, and by God the father which raysed him from deeth:
(Paul an Apostle, not of men, neither by man, but by Yesus/Yeshua Christ, and by God the father which raised him from death: )
Wyc Poul the apostle, not of men, ne bi man, but bi Jhesu Crist, and God the fadir,
(Poul the apostle, not of men, nor by man, but by Yhesu Christ, and God the father,)
Luth Paulus, ein Apostel (nicht von Menschen, auch nicht durch Menschen, sondern durch JEsum Christum und GOtt den Vater, der ihn auferwecket hat von den Toten),
(Paulus, a Apostel (nicht from Menschen, also not through Menschen, rather through YEsum Christum and God the Vater, the/of_the him/it auferwecket has from the Toten),)
ClVg Paulus, Apostolus non ab hominibus, neque per hominem, sed per Jesum Christum, et Deum Patrem, qui suscitavit eum a mortuis:[fn]
(Paulus, Apostolus not/no away hominibus, nor through hominem, but through Yesum Christum, and God Patrem, who suscitavit him from mortuis: )
1.1 Argumentum Galatæ sunt Græci. Hi verbum veritatis primum ab Apostolo acceperunt. Sed post discessum ejus tentati sunt a falsis apostolis, ut in legem et circumcisionem verterentur. Hos Apostolus revocat ad fidem veritatis, scribens eis ab Epheso. Paulus, apostolus. Nomine officii terrorem incutit. Non ab hominibus. Subaudi apostolis, ut quidam electi et missi a Judæis pseudoapostoli. Neque per hominem. Sed per Jesum jam suscitatum. Qui non ut homo homines paulatim, sed totum simul per spiritum docuit: ut per hoc sit major, per quod videbatur minor. Cæteri enim apostoli videbantur esse majores: quia priores. Iste minimus, quia novissimus. Sed inde apparet dignior: quia priores constituti sunt per Christum adhuc ex parte hominem, id est mortalem. Novissimus vero Paulus per Christum jam totum Deum, id est ex omni parte immortalem.
1.1 Argumentum Galatæ are Græci. They the_word veritatis primum away Apostolo acceperunt. But after discessum his tentati are from falsis apostolis, as in legem and circumcisionem verterentur. Hos Apostolus revocat to faith veritatis, scribens to_them away Epheso. Paulus, apostolus. Nomine officii terrorem incutit. Non away hominibus. Subaudi apostolis, as quidam electi and missi from Yudæis pseudoapostoli. Neither through hominem. But through Yesum yam suscitatum. Who not/no as human homines paulatim, but totum simul through spiritum docuit: as through this let_it_be mayor, through that videbatur minor. Cæteri because apostoli videbantur esse mayores: because priores. Iste minimus, because novissimus. But inde apparet dignior: because priores constituti are through Christum adhuc from in_part/partly hominem, id it_is mortalem. Novissimus vero Paulus through Christum yam totum God, id it_is from all in_part/partly immortalem.
UGNT Παῦλος, ἀπόστολος (οὐκ ἀπ’ ἀνθρώπων, οὐδὲ δι’ ἀνθρώπου, ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν),
(Paulos, apostolos (ouk ap’ anthrōpōn, oude di’ anthrōpou, alla dia Yaʸsou Ⱪristou, kai Theou Patros tou egeirantos auton ek nekrōn),)
SBL-GNT Παῦλος ἀπόστολος, οὐκ ἀπʼ ἀνθρώπων οὐδὲ διʼ ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν,
(Paulos apostolos, ouk apʼ anthrōpōn oude diʼ anthrōpou alla dia Yaʸsou Ⱪristou kai theou patros tou egeirantos auton ek nekrōn,)
TC-GNT Παῦλος ἀπόστολος οὐκ ἀπ᾽ ἀνθρώπων, οὐδὲ δι᾽ ἀνθρώπου, ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ Θεοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν,
(Paulos apostolos ouk ap anthrōpōn, oude di anthrōpou, alla dia Yaʸsou Ⱪristou, kai Theou patros tou egeirantos auton ek nekrōn, )
Key for above GNTs: yellow:punctuation differs, orange:accents differ (from our SR-GNT base).
1:1–2:21 Paul’s opponents had questioned his integrity and authority as an apostle, so he opens his letter by defending his apostleship.
1:1-5 As in all his letters, Paul identifies himself and greets the recipients. This greeting is notable for (1) Paul’s strong assertion of his apostolic authority (1:1); and (2) the lack of thanks, prayer, or praise, which are replaced by rebuke (1:6-10).
Παῦλος
Paul
Here, Paul is introducing himself as the author of this letter. Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Use that here. Alternate translation: “This letter is from me, Paul”
Note 1 topic: figures-of-speech / 123person
Παῦλος
Paul
Paul is speaking of himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “This letter is from me, Paul” or “I, Paul”
Note 2 topic: figures-of-speech / doublenegatives
οὐκ ἀπ’ ἀνθρώπων, οὐδὲ δι’ ἀνθρώπου
not from humans nor through human_origin
If your readers would misunderstand this double negative, you could translate this phrase using only one negative word. Alternate translation: “not from men or through man”
Note 3 topic: figures-of-speech / explicit
οὐκ ἀπ’ ἀνθρώπων
not from humans
Here, the word from indicates source. The phrase not from men means that humans are not the source of Paul’s apostleship and that he was not commissioned or appointed to be an apostle by human beings. If it would help your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “not sent out by people” or “not because I was appointed and sent by a group of people”
Note 4 topic: figures-of-speech / gendernotations
ἀνθρώπων & ἀνθρώπου
humans & human_origin
Although the terms men and man are masculine, Paul uses them here in a generic sense to refer to humans in general. Alternate translation: “humans … humans” or “people … a person”
δι’ ἀνθρώπου, ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς
through human_origin but through Jesus Christ and God /the/_Father
Both times that the word through is used in this verse it indicates agency or means and refers to the agency or means by which Paul’s was commissioned as an apostle. Choose the best word in your language to indicate the meaning of the word through here. Alternate translation: “through the agency of man, but through the agency of Jesus Christ and God the Father”
Note 5 topic: grammar-connect-logic-contrast
ἀλλὰ
but
The word but introduces a contrast. Here, the word but introduces a contrast between different potential agents or means of Paul’s commission. The contrast is between Paul’s apostleship being not through man but rather through Jesus Christ and God the Father. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “but rather”
Note 6 topic: figures-of-speech / distinguish
Θεοῦ Πατρὸς τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν
God /the/_Father ¬which /having/_raised him from /the/_dead
The phrase the one having raised him from the dead gives further information about God the Father. It is not making a distinction between God the Father and the one having raised him from the dead as if they are two separate entities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases more clear. Alternate translation: “God the Father, who is the same one who made Jesus Christ live again after he died” or “God the Father, who caused Jesus Christ to live again after he had died”
Note 7 topic: figures-of-speech / extrainfo
Θεοῦ Πατρὸς
God /the/_Father
Here, the phrase the Father could be (1) a general title for God which identifies him as the first person in the Christian Trinity. If you choose this option, then you should not define whose Father God is in your translation but, rather, you should use a general expression like the ULT does. (2) referring to God’s relationship to those who believe in Christ. Alternate translation: “God our Father”
Note 8 topic: figures-of-speech / nominaladj
ἐκ νεκρῶν
from /the/_dead
Paul is using the adjective dead as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “from among the people who have died”
Note 9 topic: figures-of-speech / metonymy
ἐκ νεκρῶν
from /the/_dead
Here, the phrase the dead could be a figurative way of referring to a place, in which case it would be referring to “the place of the dead” or “the realm of the dead.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “from the place of the dead” or “from the realm of the dead”